高效液相色谱法测定丁醚脲在甘蓝和土壤中的残留及其消解动态分析

目的建立高效液相色谱法检测甘蓝和土壤中丁醚脲的含量,并研究其在甘蓝和土壤中的代谢残留。方法样品经乙腈高速匀浆提取,土壤采取振荡提取,旋转蒸发,浓缩,用乙腈定容,通过滤膜过滤,经色谱柱分离。结果甘蓝、土壤中烯啶虫胺的最低检出浓度(limit of quantification,LOQ)均为0.01 mg/kg;在0.02~100μg/m L范围内丁醚脲的线性关系良好,R=1.0。甘蓝和土壤样品回收率在75.3%~102.3%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为3.7%~11.4%。代谢试验结果表明:2010年、2011年,河北、山东、河南3地丁醚脲在甘蓝中的消解半衰期为1.2~2.8 d,在土壤中的半衰期为1.8~4.4 d;最终残留实验结果显示,丁醚脲在甘蓝和土壤中的最终残留量均未检出,远低于最大残留限量(maximum residue limit,MRL)。结论在自然条件下,丁醚脲属于易降解农药,在推荐使用剂量下,对收获后的甘蓝相对安全。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定哈密瓜和茄子中氟啶虫胺腈的残留量

为满足农产品与食品安全检测的需求,本文验证GB/T 20769-2008对哈密瓜和茄子样品中氟啶虫胺腈残留量测定的适用性并简化前处理步骤。果蔬样品用乙腈为提取剂,采用组织捣碎、固液提取法提取果蔬中的氟啶虫胺腈,通过盐析离心,氨基柱固相萃取净化,甲醇∶二氯甲烷(5∶95,v∶v)洗脱样品中的氟啶虫胺腈,甲醇∶水(1∶1,v∶v)定容,过0.2μm滤膜;在UPLC-MS/MS负离子扫描多反应监测模式下进行分析。氟啶虫胺腈在哈密瓜与茄子两种基质中的线性相关系数r分别为0.9998和0.9992。在500、200、50μg/L三个添加水平下的回收率为81.00%~107.76%,RSD在2.56%~3.82%范围内,方法检出限(LOD)在哈密瓜与茄子中分别为0.72μg/kg与0.62μg/kg。该方法的准确度和精密度均符合残留分析的要求,而且高效、快速、简单、灵敏度高、确认性和实用性强,适用于氟啶虫胺腈在哈密瓜、茄子残留检测的常规方法。     

除虫脲在棉叶和土壤中消解动态分析及棉子中残留量膳食摄入评估

目的评价除虫脲在棉叶、土壤中的消解趋势和土壤及棉子中的残留水平。方法棉叶、土壤样品经乙腈提取、氯化钠盐析、弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测器检测;同时对2014年和2015年除虫脲在河南和北京两地棉叶及土壤中的残留消解动态进行分析并对棉子中的最终残留量进行膳食摄入评估。结果除虫脲在棉子、棉叶和土壤空白样品添加的平均回收率在79%~103%之间,相对标准偏差在3%~15%之间,最低检测浓度均为0.1 mg/kg。棉叶中除虫脲的残留消解半衰期在5.0~8.6 d之间,土壤中残留消解半衰期在3.8~14 d之间。按本试验方式进行施药及采样后,棉子中除虫脲的最终残留量低于0.1 mg/kg,土壤中的残留量低于0.19 mg/kg。结论除虫脲普通人群的国家估计每日摄入量是0.873229mg/kg·bw,占日允许摄入量的69.3%左右,认为对一般人群健康不会产生不可接受的风险。     

分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱测定甘蓝及土壤中的啶虫脒

建立了甘蓝和土壤中啶虫脒的分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱检测方法,该方法以1%乙酸乙腈为提取溶剂(1∶99,v/v),以无水硫酸镁(Mg SO4)、十八烷基键合硅胶(C18)和N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)富集净化,0.1%甲酸-水和甲醇梯度洗脱,C18柱分离,HPLC-MS/MS测定。方法线性范围0.01~2mg/L,相关系数为0.9994,定量限(LOQ)为0.01mg/kg。在0.05、0.5、1.0mg/kg加标浓度下,啶虫脒在甘蓝中的回收率为84.8%~107%,在土壤中的回收率为96.5%~115%,相对标准偏差小于10.92%。该方法能够满足甘蓝及土壤中啶虫脒残留限量检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱——串联质谱法测定黄瓜中烯啶虫胺残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄瓜中烯啶虫胺残留量的方法。样品用酸性乙腈提取后,QuEchERs方法净化,于UPLC BEH C18反相色谱柱上分离,多反应监测模式下外标法定量分析。烯啶虫胺在1～100ng．mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为0．3μg·kg-1,加标回收率为101．2％～101．5％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．7％～2．3％。方法应用于实际样品测定,结果满意。     

高效液相色谱法检测哌虫啶在稻田水、土壤、稻米和小麦粉中的残留

目的建立用高效液相色谱分析稻田水、土壤、稻米和小麦粉中哌虫啶残留的方法。方法稻田水用二氯甲烷提取,土壤、稻米和小麦粉用乙腈提取,采用高效液相色谱紫外检测器进行检测。结果在0.5~10mg/L范围内,哌虫啶浓度与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,哌虫啶的最小检出量为1.0 ng。哌虫啶在稻田水、土壤、稻米和小麦粉中的平均添加回收率为78.50%~96.61%,变异系数为2.54%~7.94%。哌虫啶最低检测浓度为0.05 mg/kg。结论本方法准确可靠,操作简便快速,节约溶剂,对环境污染小,符合农药残留分析的要求。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱法分析稻田水及土壤中五氟磺草胺残留及其消解动态研究

目的建立稻田水及土壤中五氟磺草胺残留分析方法,研究其消解动态和残留水平。方法在安徽、黑龙江及河南三地进行农药残留田间试验。样品采用乙腈提取并净化浓缩,再经QuEChERS前处理净化,Agilent HC-C_(18)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.4%磷酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,利用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)检测。结果在0.02~5mg/kg的添加水平下,五氟磺草胺在稻田水中的平均回收率为88.8%~95.2%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~7.3%,最低检出浓度为0.02mg/kg;在0.02~2mg/kg的添加水平下,五氟磺草胺在土壤中的平均回收率为77.2%~90.0%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~7.5%,最低检出浓度为0.02mg/kg。实验三地的消解动态均符合一级动力学方程,五氟磺草胺在稻田水和土壤中的半衰期分别为1.9~12d和3.5~18d;8%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂在三地水稻上以其推荐剂量的高值及其1.5倍剂量喷雾施药1次,在水稻收获期采样时测得稻田土壤中的最终残留量平均值均低于0.02mg/kg。结论由于气候、土壤类型等的不同,五氟磺草胺在安徽及黑龙江的消解半衰期存在一定差异,该研究为五氟磺草胺在水稻上的安全使用提供了科学依据。     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定南瓜中噻虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈的残留量

该研究建立了QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定南瓜中噻虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈残留量的分析方法。样品中的噻虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈经乙腈均质提取和基质分散萃取法净化,净化后的样液经0.22μm滤膜过滤后,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定。采用C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾离子化、正离子扫描方式和动态多反应监测模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。噻虫胺在2.5～100μg/L(氟啶虫胺腈在0.5～20μg/L)的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9994和0.9988。噻虫胺在5、10和50μg/kg(氟啶虫胺腈在1、2和10μg/kg)的3个添加水平的平均回收率在88.5%～111.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在1.12%～6.92%。噻虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈的方法定量限分别为1.0μg/kg和5.0μg/kg。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足南瓜中噻虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈的残留检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱法测定芒果中啶酰菌胺和吡唑醚菌酯

建立芒果中杀菌剂啶酰菌胺和吡唑醚菌酯残留检测的超高效液相色谱方法。芒果样品经乙腈提取,氨基(NH2)固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱,采用双波长紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:啶酰菌胺和吡唑醚菌酯含量分别在0.10~4.00μg/mL和0.02~1.00μg/mL质量浓度范围内与色谱峰面积呈现良好的线性关系,决定系数R2均大于0.999,方法的检出限均为0.002 mg/kg,分别从3个不同添加水平检测结果可以看出,方法的回收率在76.00%~103.00%之间,相对标准偏差为1.07%~13.28%。     

露地土壤-芹菜体系噻虫嗪及其代谢产物噻虫胺残留与消长规律研究

目的 探明露地土壤-芹菜体系噻虫嗪及其代谢产物噻虫胺的残留与消长规律。方法 在河北张家口开展露地芹菜噻虫嗪、噻虫胺的最终残留和消解动态试验,样品通过10 mL乙腈提取,提取溶液经50 mg N-丙基乙二胺和3 mg多壁碳纳米管净化后,采用气相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法在质谱多反应监测模式下检测噻虫嗪和噻虫胺的残留量。结果 噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在芹菜上的回收率范围分别为 80.7%~90.5%、76.1%~103.0%;在土壤上分别为74.0%~96.4%、84.9%~86.7%,最终残留实验中,用药后第10 d噻虫嗪在芹菜残留量为0.188 mg/kg,低于国家规定的最大残留限量(maximum residue limit, MRL),噻虫胺为0.112 mg/ kg,超出其MRL值。噻虫嗪在芹菜上的消解动力学方程为C=2.7244 e-0.246 t,r2为0.9094,半衰期为2.82 d。噻虫嗪在土壤中沉积量呈现先上升再下降趋势,峰值为0.33 mg/kg;噻虫胺在土壤中未见明显趋势。结论 噻虫嗪在芹菜上施用后的残留风险较低,但其代谢产物噻虫胺有残留风险。噻虫嗪与噻虫胺施用对土壤环境影响较小。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the