脲醛肥料研究现状

概述了国内、外脲醛肥料发展历史。简要介绍了脲醛肥料的生产原理、主要工艺、质量评价方法及应用现状。针对脲醛类肥料氮素释放缓慢和一次性施入不能满足作物整个生长季对肥料需求的问题,指出了今后的发展方向。     

高塔脲醛缓释复合肥与种肥同播技术

介绍改造高塔尿基复合肥装置生产高塔脲醛缓释复合肥的技术。该技术的关键是通过确定尿素与甲醛的摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、pH值等技术参数生产适合高塔造粒的脲醛缓释肥,仅需增加尿素与甲醛反应的相关设备,就可与磷酸一铵、氯化钾等肥料原料利用高塔造粒生产高塔脲醛缓释复合肥。同时开发了玉米施用高塔脲醛缓释复合肥的种肥同播技术,可比普通肥料氮素利用率提高18.4百分点。     

脲醛缓释肥在橡胶树上的肥效研究

通过试验研究了脲醛缓释肥、脲醛缓释肥加尿素及尿素等6个养分投入量相同的处理对橡胶树胶水产量的影响.试验结果表明,施用脲醛缓释肥,提高了橡胶树胶水产量,以肥料中掺混60％脲醛缓释肥和40％普通尿素一次性施用效果最好,既降低了施用脲醛缓释肥的成本,又节省了劳动力.     

化肥“变”液体 前景更广阔

<正>我国化肥市场的现状,概括起来有三大特点,即固体型、用量大、浓度低(成本高),据有关专家介绍,肥料浓度每提高10%,可降低肥料包装、储存、运输和管理费用20%左右。液体化肥作为一种典型的高浓度肥料,较好地解决了上述问题,具有广阔的发展前景,值得下大力气进行研究开发。液体化肥,顾名思义,就是液态的化学肥料,商品上一般可分为两大类:一类是液体氮肥,是由氮元素所构成的单一营养型液体肥料,包括液氨、氮溶液和氨水等;另一类是液     

腐植酸肥料的研究现状及展望

从腐植酸的来源、成分、提取等方面阐述腐植酸肥料的研发现状。重点介绍腐植酸固态肥料、腐植酸液体肥及腐植酸保水型控释肥料的研究、开发及应用现状,对目前腐植酸肥料存在的问题进行分析,并对腐植酸类肥料的未来发展进行展望。     

河北省200kt／a脲醛多聚控释肥生产装置投产

河北三洋化肥有限公司采用中国农业科学院新型肥料研究所最新肥料生产技术，将脲醛应用于复合肥生产中，近日建成1套200kt／a脲醛多聚控释肥生产装置。     

欧盟修订有关肥料的法规

<正>据设在国家质检总局的中国WTO/TBT国家通报咨询中心消息:近日,为了改编附件Ⅰ和Ⅳ,欧盟向WTO秘书处发出通报,对有关肥料的法规(EC)No 2003/2003进行了修订(G/TBT/N/EU/185)。该法规草案旨在:修改粗钾盐的最低营养要求;在授权的抑制剂列表中包括新类型的硝化作用和脲酶抑制剂;使含脲醛的液体氮磷钾(NPK)、NP和NK肥料能够作为EC肥料投放市     

水稻侧深施复合肥生产工艺

我国现有水稻肥颗粒强度低、颗粒不均匀、吸湿性大,应用于侧深施肥时极易堵塞施肥管。通过与高塔脲醛工艺和缓释掺混工艺对比讨论氨酸脲醛工艺的特点及产品质量,介绍氨酸脲醛工艺生产高强度水稻侧深施复合肥的生产流程及农学应用效果。结果表明,该工艺生产的复合肥养分全面、具有缓释性,同时颗粒均匀、强度高,较常规肥料增产7%,有利于侧深施肥技术的推广。     

液体肥料的应用现状与发展趋势

介绍了液体肥料的特点和国内外应用现状,对液体肥料的发展趋势和应用 前景进行了分析。     

脲醛缓释肥在菠萝上的效应研究

在菠萝上开展了脲醛缓释肥应用肥效试验.研究结果表明：脲醛缓释肥能显著提高菠萝产量,并可改善果实的物理性状和品质;施用等量脲醛缓释肥,单果质量比普通肥料增加80 g,产量提高3.7％,可溶性总糖质量分数提高1.38％,且可减少追肥2次.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.