利用磷酸二铵装置氨酸法生产硫磷铵肥料的方法探讨

硫磷铵肥料是目前使用最广泛的肥料,肥料效果最明显。目前,硫磷铵肥料的生产方法比较多,其中最常使用的是磷酸二铵装置氨酸法。这种装置生产硫磷铵肥料是通过改进反应器并且加入一定量的硫酸、磷酸、液氨进行反应,还有就是改进这种措施。反应过程中主要是对磷酸浓度、中和度、返料比等措施进行调整,从而使硫磷铵肥料正常生产。     

氟法硫磷铵复合肥工艺的开发

硫元素的肥效,已越来越引起人们的重视,现在已有人提出,在肥料中,氮与硫之比,应保持5:1的比例为好。我国福建等沿海省份,土壤严重缺硫,早已开始施用元素硫作肥料。目前,含硫肥料主要是普钙、硫酸铵、重钙以及少量的硫磷铵复合肥。硫磷铵的生产,现在主要是由硫酸铵与磷酸铵混合制成的,其产量严重受到硫酸和磷酸的限制。开发化学法制硫磷铵新工艺,早有人在探求。近两年来,我做了“氟法”硫磷铵工艺试验,在实验室制出了产品。实验证明     

《磷肥与复肥》“磷复肥与新型肥料”栏目征稿

<正>刊登技术和工程成熟度较高、已经实施或应用于生产中的磷复肥及新型肥料的技术工艺、产品、装置开发和完善更新等内容。1)磷酸铵类肥料(包括磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵、含聚磷酸铵肥料、尿磷铵、硝磷铵、硫磷铵)、重过磷酸钙、硝酸磷肥,过磷酸钙、钙镁磷肥、磷酸氢钙、NPK复合肥、磷酸钾、有机-无机复合肥的技术工艺、产品、装置开发和完善更新。2)新型肥料的开发及其工艺技术。微量元素肥料:锰、硼、锌、钼、铁、铜肥料及各种微量元     

磷铵装置生产养分36％的硫磷铵

为了市场需求,利用磷酸二铵装置生产36％硫磷铵。介绍其技术原理、生产原料、生产控制及装置改造情况。由于生产36％硫磷铵可采用含固量较高的稀磷酸为原料,使产品制造成本下降,效益提高,并使磷酸生产工况得到改善。     

氨酸法工艺在复合肥料生产中的应用

硫磷铵肥料的应用较为广泛,肥料效果明显。硫磷铵肥料的生产方式有很多种,主要以氨酸法工艺为研究对象,首先对氨酸法工艺进行分析,然后对氨酸法工艺在复合肥料生产中的应用方式进行详细探究,以期为复合肥料生产提供依据。     

用于硫磷铵生产的含硫料浆制备

云南云天化股份有限公司云峰分公司根据市场需求,结合调结构、转方式要求,开发硫磷铵肥料。介绍生产硫磷铵肥所需要的含硫料浆制备工艺流程及生产中的注意事项,分析存在的问题,提出需要进一步增加设备和改造设备以实现含硫料浆的连续生产。     

氨—氯化钠法回收尾气中的SO2

硫酸生产尾气中的ＳＯ２大多数是用氨水吸收,生成亚硫酸铵,此产品主要用在造纸工业上,但现在这一副产品销路不畅,促使硫酸厂将亚硫酸铵进行深加工。加工亚硫酸铵的方法较多,可以用硫酸分解生产硫酸铵,也可以用磷酸分解生产磷铵肥料,还可以用价格低廉的氯化钠与亚硫...     

瓮福达州基地60万吨／年磷铵装置开工

4月30日,瓮福达州磷硫化工基地配套萃余酸生产60万吨／年磷铵装置举行开工典礼。加上前期开工建设的30万吨／年磷酸（15万吨／年湿法净化磷酸）、80万吨／年硫酸、120万吨／年选矿装置,达州基地所有主生产装置已全面开工。基地建设步入一个新的阶段。60万吨／年磷铵装置充分利用瓮福达州基地30万吨／年磷酸（15万吨／年湿法净化磷酸）后的萃余酸,再生产磷铵产品,既是一种循环经济模式的建设,也是瓮福集团致力于”磷酸盐领域”,打造达州磷、硫、天然气化工基地的创新实践。     

长沙化工厂生产硫磷铵

长沙化工厂用氨中和硫酸和磷酸混酸生产硫磷铵,工艺路线:采用生产磷酸的废渣磷石膏与碳酸铵溶液反应,转化生成硫酸铵溶液,经浓缩、干燥制得硫酸铵粉料,粉状硫酸铵与返     

磷酸,磷铵工业装置管道与阀门的选用

根据磷酸、磷铵生产过程中输送介质的特性,结合我国１５年来建设和生产磷酸、磷铵的实践经验,讨论并推荐磷酸、磷铵生产过程中管道与阀门的选取。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。