多孔介质微小燃烧器的传热特性分析

采用计算流体力学软件Fluent,对H_2/空气预混气在全填充多孔介质平板微燃烧器内的燃烧过程进行数值模拟.研究了多孔介质导热系数、壁面导热系数、当量比、孔隙率对微燃烧器回热循环的影响规律.模拟结果表明:预热区对流回热效率、多孔介质导热效率与多孔介质导热系数呈正相关趋势;壁面导热系数增大会使预热区对流回热效率下降,壁面对流回热效率上升;预热区对流回热效率、壁面对流回热效率与当量比呈负相关趋势;多孔介质孔隙率是影响回热效率的重要因素,随着孔隙率的增大,预热区对流回热效率下降,壁面对流回热效率上升.     

多孔介质特性参数对燃烧温度及压力影响的数值模拟研究

考查了两段式多孔介质内预混气燃烧的温度与压力分布情况。建立了甲烷／空气预混气体在多孔介质内燃烧的二维数学模型,运用FLUENT软件求解瞬态控制方程的方法计算出燃烧稳定后多孔介质内的温度、与压力分布,并考查了不同当量比、多孔介质辐射衰减系数和导热系数对温度和压力分布的影响。结果表明,甲烷／空气预混气体在多孔介质中燃烧,当量比越大温度峰值越高,压力梯度越大;小孔介质辐射衰减系数的改变对温度分布和压力分布没有明显的影响,而大孔介质辐射衰减系数对温度分布和压力分布有较大的影响;增加多孔介质的导热系数,会使固相与气相温度均有所升高,燃烧区域压力降低。     

多孔介质内层流预混燃烧的数值模拟

燃气与固体构架之间强烈的换热,使多孔介质内的燃烧与自由流中的燃烧有很大不同．模拟了甲烷／空气预混气在多孔介质内的一维层流燃烧过程,详细考察了多孔介质构架中的辐射换热和气固之间对流换热,并使用了详细化学反应机理,其计算结果能够较好地预测多孔介质内的各种燃烧特性．     

多孔介质中预混火焰燃烧速率的预示

本文提出了一种预估多孔介质中预混火焰燃烧速率的方法。在构成气，固两相合一模型的基础上，用光学厚极限条件下的扩散近似法简化其中的热辐射项，从而由基本能量方程导出计算火焰传播速度的迭代关系式，其中包含综合多孔介质传导和辐射的等效导热系数。然后应用此数值迭代法，分别计算出在多孔泡沫陶瓷中层流预混火焰及无多孔介质存在的自由火焰的燃烧速率。     

多孔介质燃烧器的辐射输出效率和污染物

使用双温度体积平均模型、详细化学反应机理GRI3．0,对甲烷,空气预混气在多孔介质燃烧器内的预混火焰进行模拟．分析不同当量比和质量流量下的预热效率、辐射输出效率以及污染物排放情况,并对辐射输出效率随多孔介质热物性参数的变化进行敏感性分析．结果表明,增大相间对流换热系数或减小当量比、质量流量及固相消光系数都可以提高辐射输出效率,减小当量比或质量流量可以减少污染物排放．在所有的影响因素中,当量比的影响最大,发展超贫燃燃烧技术是获得高效低污染多孔介质燃烧器的关键．     

多孔介质的热物性对往复流动下超绝热火焰的影响

多孔介质燃烧室的传热性能主要取决于多孔介质材料的热物性,本文在气固两相局部非热平衡假设基础上,建立往复式流动下多孔介质超绝热燃烧的二维数学模型,研究了多孔介质的比热、导热系数、衰减系数和体积换热系数等对温度分布和燃烧速率的影响,以期为多孔介质选材和往复流动下多孔介质超绝热燃烧器的优化设计提供理论依据。     

Review on effective thermal conductivity of bubble type porous media

多孔介质内部结构中发生的质量,动量,能量的传递是众多自然现象和生产,生活领域中发生的基本过程.有关多孔介质中的传热问题涉及许多科学领域,早就引起人们的广泛关注,研究人员也对其进行了长期的研究.等效导热系数方法即将多孔介质视为一种连续介质,将实际多孔介质中固体骨架与各种流体的传热模式(导热,对流,辐射)折合成一个综合的传热问题.此方法已成为研究多孔介质内部传热问题最常用的方法.最近一二十年,泡沫型多孔介质(如泡沫金属,泡沫碳等)的出现引起人们广泛的关注.本文针对此种新型多孔介质等效导热系数的研究做了综述,介绍了3种常用的研究方法,分别是实验测试法,理论推导法及数值模拟法,探讨了各种研究方法存在的问题.实验测试法准确性高,但每种传热模式对等效导热系数的影响很难确定,且成本高;理论推导法虽然物理意义明确,适用性广,但与实测结果有较大的偏差,且有些方法还需与实验相结合;数值模拟法建模较复杂,但模拟结果与实验数据较接近.     

三维填充床内换热及热回流机理研究

利用计算流体力学（CFD）对顺序排列多孔介质小球的三维填充床进行数值模拟。研究填充床内位置及空气流速变化对温度分布、努塞尔数影响,并对多孔介质小球的热回流特性进行分析,揭示填充床内传热机理。结果表明：相比于气-固两相交替存在处,与小球相切处的热的非平衡性更强。最高温度上游的换热强度与下游相比更强烈;当流速增加时,上游的对流换热作用增强,下游变化不大。在热回流过程中,在入口区域对流换热占主导地位,导热和辐射换热作用较弱;在主流场区域,导热占主导地位,其次是辐射换热,对流换热作用最弱。     

多孔介质燃烧器研究

多孔介质具有大蓄热和强辐射的特点,以能够提高燃烧的经济性被人们所重视。多孔介质燃烧技术是一种相比于传统燃烧技术是一种近几年来比较新颖独特的燃烧技术,本文介绍了多孔介质应用于燃烧技术及不同类型的多孔介质燃烧器的研究现状、前景、优点和应用,分析不同类型燃烧器之间的联系,并给出各种实验性燃烧器的优缺点。对于不同的多孔介质材料的研究进行介绍。     

微细直管内甲烷燃烧的数值模拟研究

采用计算流体力学方法对二维微细直管内甲烷和空气的预混燃烧进行了数值模拟,研究了燃烧器尺寸、壁面导热系数、对流换热系数、壁面厚度以及粗糙度对于燃烧的影响。模拟结果显示,燃烧器内径的变化、壁面导热系数、对流换热系数和壁面厚度的变化影响了热量在壁面内的传递和流体内径向温度的传递,使得燃料点燃和燃烧稳定性受到影响,甚至导致燃烧停止。壁面粗糙度增加了燃烧器内流体的扰动,增强了流体与壁面和流体内的换热,导致燃烧稳定性受到影响。模拟结果为设计和开发高效稳定的燃烧器提供了参考。     

The influences of thermophysical properties of porous media on superadiabatic combustion with reciprocating flow

The influences of thermophysical properties of porous media on superadiabatic combustion with reciprocating flow is numerically studied in order to improve the understanding of the complex heat transfer and optimum design of the combustor. The heat transfer performance of a porous media combustor strongly depends on the thermophysical properties of the porous material. In order to explore how the material properties influence reciprocating superadiabatic combustion of premixed gases in porous media (short for RSCP), a two‐dimensional mathematical model of a simplified RSCP combustor is developed based on the hypothesis of local thermal non‐equilibrium between the solid and the gas phases by solving separate energy equations for these two phases. The porous media is assumed to emit, absorb, and isotropically scatter radiation. The finite‐volume method is used for computing radiation heat transfer processes. The flow and temperature fields are calculated by solving the mass, moment, gas and solid energy, and species conservation equations with a finite difference/control volume approach. Since the mass fraction conservation equations are stiff, an operator splitting method is used to solve them. The results show that the volumetric convective heat transfer coefficient and extinction coefficient of the porous media obviously affect the temperature distributions of the combustion chamber and burning speed of the gases, but thermal conductivity does not have an obvious effect. It indicates that convective heat transfer and heat radiation are the dominating ways of heat transfer, while heat conduction is a little less important. The specific heat of the porous media also has a remarkable impact on temperature distribution of gases and heat release rate. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(5): 336–350, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20120     

Numerical simulation of laminar premixed combustion in a porous burner

Premixed combustion in porous media differs substantially from combustion in free space. The interphase heat transfer between a gas mixture and a porous medium becomes dominant in the premixed combustion process. In this paper, the premixed combustion of CH₄/air mixture in a porous medium is numerically simulated with a laminar combustion model. Radiative heat transfer in solids and convective heat transfer between the gas and the solid is especially studied. A smaller detailed reaction mechanism is also used and the results can show good prediction for many combustion phenomena. Translated from Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2006, 12(1): 46–50 [译自: 燃烧科学与技术]     

Calculation of premixed combustion within inert porous media with model parametric uncertainty quantification

The present study focuses on uncertainties existing in porous media parameters and in the inlet reactant mixture conditions of solid oxide fuel cell off-gas combustion. Propagation of uncertainty from the model input parameters to the output stochastic variables is quantified using a non-intrusive spectral projection method based on polynomial chaos expansion. The non-intrusive nature of this method allows the solution of the stochastic problem to be obtained directly from the deterministic model without requiring modification of the governing equations. Quantification of uncertainty is investigated in a one-dimensional model for premixed combustion within inert porous media. The model includes detailed chemistry and solves the gas- and solid-phase energy balances coupled by convective heat exchange, including radiative heat transfer in the solid-phase. The results denote that the uncertainties in the porous media heat transfer parameters are relevant and originate a relatively high error bar on the CO emission and burning velocity. When the inlet reactant mixture uncertain conditions is also accounted for, it overcomes the influence of the other uncertain parameters on the gas- and solid-phase temperatures error bar. Both types of parametric uncertainty sources (inlet conditions and porous media parameters) are important in order to establish the error bar on the CO emission and burning velocity predictions.     

多孔介质中预混式燃烧的数值研究

本文考虑向燃烧室中插入高孔隙率的多孔介质的燃烧过程,根据气固两相局部非热平衡假设,建立了混合气体在惰性多孔介质中预混燃烧的一维数学模型,模拟了不同条件下甲烷-空气的预混合气在多孔介质中燃烧时的温度分布及气体流速、当量比和吸收系数对燃烧室气体温度峰值的影响.结果表明,多孔介质的存在明显改善了燃烧室的换热性能,强化了对新鲜混合气的预热,加速了燃烧反应的进行,燃烧室利用率提高.     

Enhancing heat transfer in the core flow by using porous medium insert in a tube

According to the concept of heat transfer enhancement in the core flow, porous media with a slightly smaller diameter to a tube are developed and inserted in the core of the tube under the constant and uniform heat flux condition. The flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of the air flow for laminar to fully turbulent ranges of Reynolds numbers are investigated experimentally and numerically. There are three different porous media used in the experiments with porosity of 0.951, 0.966 and 0.975, respectively. The effect of porous radius ratio on the heat transfer performance is studied in numerical simulation. Both numerical and experimental results show that the convective heat transfer is considerably enhanced by the porous inserts of an approximate diameter with the tube and the corresponding flow resistance increases in a reasonable extent especially in laminar flow. It shows that the core flow enhancement is an efficacious method for enhancing heat transfer.     

The dynamics of in-situ combustion fronts in porous media

The sustained propagation of combustion fronts in porous media is a necessary condition for the success of in situ combustion for oil recovery. Compared to other recovery methods, in situ combustion involves the complexity of exothermic reactions and temperature-dependent chemical kinetics. In the presence of heat losses, the possibility of ignition and extinction also exists. In this paper, we address some of these issues by studying the properties of forward combustion fronts propagating at a constant velocity in the presence of heat losses. We extend the analytical method used in smoldering combustion [7], to derive expressions for temperature and concentration profiles and the velocity of the combustion front, under both adiabatic and non-adiabatic conditions. Heat losses are assumed to be relatively weak and they are expressed using two modes: 1) a convective type, using an overall heat transfer coefficient; and, 2) a conductive type, for heat transfer by transverse conduction to infinitely large surrounding formations. In their presence we derive multiple steady-state solutions with stable low and high temperature branches, and an unstable intermediate branch. Conditions for self-sustaining front propagation are investigated as a function of injection and reservoir properties. The extinction threshold is expressed in terms of the system properties. An explicit expression is also obtained for the effective heat transfer coefficient in terms of the reservoir thickness and the front propagation speed. This coefficient is not only dependent on the thermal properties of the porous medium but also on the front dynamics.     

The role of porous media in modeling flow and heat transfer in biological tissues

Flow and heat transfer in biological tissues are analyzed in this investigation. Pertinent works are reviewed in order to show how transport theories in porous media advance the progress in biology. The main concepts studied in this review are transport in porous media using mass diffusion and different convective flow models such as Darcy and the Brinkman models. Energy transport in tissues is also analyzed. Progress in development of the bioheat equation (heat transfer equation in biological tissues) and evaluation of the applications associated with the bioheat equation are analyzed. Prominent examples of diffusive applications and momentum transport by convection are discussed in this work. The theory of porous media for heat transfer in biological tissues is found to be most appropriate since it contains fewer assumptions as compared to different bioheat models. A concept that is related to flow instabilities caused by swimming of microorganisms is also discussed. This concept named bioconvection is different from blood convection inside vessels. The works that consider the possibility of reducing these flow instabilities using porous media are reviewed.     

渐变型多孔介质燃气装置的试验研究

在一台0.8 t/h渐变型多孔介质燃气锅炉上进行了传热特性、污染物排放特性和阻力特性试验研究,结果表明,该多孔介质燃气炉具有体积小、负荷调节比大、换热效率高、污染物排放低和气流阻力小等特点.该燃气锅炉的特点是在燃烧室中设置有多孔介质与布置在其中的冷却介质管束,同样功率的多孔介质燃气炉体积只有常规自由火焰锅炉体积的1/5,换热效率大于90%,Nox排放质量浓度低于45 mg/m3,压降小于0.001 Mpa.     

Effects of nonlinear Boussinesq approximation and double dispersion on a micropolar fluid flow under convective thermal condition

This article investigates the effect of double dispersion on the natural convective flow of a micropolar fluid along an inclined plate in the presence of the convective thermal condition. In addition, the nonlinear convection is considered to analyze the heat and mass transfer phenomena of thermal systems, which are performed at moderate‐ and high‐level temperatures. A combination of local nonsimilarity and successive linearization techniques is used to evaluate the associated complicated nondimensional governing equations. This study discusses the impact of relevant factors on the fluid characteristics through graphs. The influence of nonlinear convection parameters on the heat and mass transfer rates seems to be more in Darcy porous media compared with that in non‐Darcy porous media.