用电子计算机计算炼钢转炉重心和倾动力矩

一、引言在毛主席的无产阶级革命路线的指引下,我国的钢铁工业迅速发展。纯氧顶吹转炉新技术的广泛推广和应用,反映我国钢铁工业蓬蓬勃勃发展的大好局面。转炉设计中,必然涉及到它的耳轴位置的确定和传动装置的设计。为此必须计算在倾动过程中的转炉的重心位置和倾动力矩。转炉的倾动力矩分三部分:炉内盛液(包括铁水和渣)倾动力矩,空炉力矩(包括炉壳和炉衬)和摩擦力矩。     

将氧气顶吹转炉改造成复合吹炼转炉

一、前言目前,转炉的发展趋势是由顶吹转炉向顶-底复合吹炼炉发展。1977年,川崎公司的第一台底吹转炉被安装在千叶厂的3号转炉车间,冶炼某些优质低碳钢,结果使冶金工程师对强烈的搅拌作用有了清晰的认识,这对于加速转炉操作技术中喷吹导管的发展起了相当重要的促进作用。顶吹与底吹相结合,就是为了     

某钢厂120吨氧气顶吹转炉倾动机构主轴断裂问题的测试与分析

×钢厂共有3座120吨氧气顶吹转炉。2号炉主轴(直径850mm,材质40铬钢)在投产吹炼61炉后断裂,运行时间共234小时。为分析原因总结经验,我们和有关单位一起对转炉倾动机构在运转中的实际负荷情况进行测试。由于2号炉还未恢复生产,测试工作在3号炉上进行。3号炉与2号炉设计相同,但具体的制造、安装、调整、运转操     

关于无氧枪,匀流环吹（炼钢）转炉的设计模型

转炉作为最重要的炼钢设备,在均匀送风方面大有可为。本文从蜗螺形风箱、扩散型进风管双排风口冲天炉出发,以铸钢用小型侧吹直筒形转炉为实例,提出无氧枪、匀流环吹转炉的设计模型,以期强化转炉功能（首先加强钢水搅拌）、节约能源（风能）及减轻污染,并以此作为作者所倡导的一种新学科──炉型工程学的一个重要支点。     

安阳钢铁公司1号小方坯连铸机达产

1 概况安阳钢铁公司第二炼钢厂现有15吨氧气顶吹转炉三座,设计为三吹二,年产钢38万吨,1972年建成投产。1982年以来,相继建成了2台板坯连铸机,3台小方坯连铸机。1992年转炉达到了三吹三,产钢量超过了90万吨,连铸比达到75.68％,并在1992年12月份达到了全连铸水平。 1号方坯连铸机于1989年7月建成开始生产。该机从设计、制造到安装、调试全部是依靠国内自己力量进行的。     

IF钢新的脱气装置

1996年3月,美国Vacmetal公司在Edger Thomson厂安装了第四台RD-KTB脱气装置。该装置利用KTB氧枪(川崎顶吹氧枪),可使转炉在高碳、低温下出钢,从而提高了转炉炉龄。通过采用化学加热,缩短了处理时间,操作人员可将钢包内的钢水温度调     

30t转炉设备设计与研究

本文着重介绍了宝铜300 t转炉设备先进技术及结构在中型转炉上的应用,对30 t转炉设备进行了简要设计计算与理论研究。     

我国炼铜转炉烟尘的综合利用

从我国炼铜转炉烟尘的特点，概括出现阶段综合利用的主要工艺流程，分析了综合利用、环保，生产、经济等方面带来的效益。指出了炼铜转炉烟尘综合利用现存问题，并提出改进建议。     

120吨纯氧顶吹转炉托圈、炉壳应力分析总结

前言纯氧顶吹转炉炼钢是近年来世界上发展得比较快的一门先进技术。由于它具有各方面的优点,对提高钢产量方面有很大潜力。因此,近年来国内也大力发展了中小型的纯氧顶吹转炉炼钢。在1965年又开始设计、制造了大型的120吨纯氧顶吹转炉炼钢整套设备,而转炉的炉壳和托圈是整套炼钢设备的关键。搞这样大型的设备,采用怎样的结构形式才比较合理?对这一类问题,我们只有按照毛主席关于“一个正确的认识,往往需要由物质到精神,由精神到物质,即由实践到认识,由认识到实践这样多次的反复,才能够     

鞍钢180吨转炉的全悬挂、四点啮合、柔性缓冲倾动机构的设计研究

本文作者在分析了鞍钢两座150吨转炉的倾动机构存在问题和消化移植宝钢300吨转炉的先进技术的基础上,为鞍钢180吨转炉设计出全悬挂、四点啮合、柔性缓冲的倾动机构。本文对倾动机构的组成,设计特点和设计原则以及计算式和计算结果进行了简介。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.