陶瓷材料的微波烧结特性及应用

介绍了微波烧结陶瓷材料的应用历史、基本原理，分析了陶瓷材料的微波烧结特性和微波烧结在氧化物陶瓷、非氧化物陶瓷及透明陶瓷方面的应用，指出了应用中存在的一些待解决的问题，展望了微波烧结陶瓷材料的应用前景。     

纳米复相陶瓷的制备方法综述

纳米复相陶瓷是一种新型复合材料，它的综合性能相对传统陶瓷有了很大的提高。目前为止，纳米复相陶瓷粉体的制备方法主要有机械球磨、均相复合、非均相复合等，纳米复相陶瓷的烧结方法有无压烧结、热压烧结、热等静压烧结、放电等离子烧结、微波烧结等。对于纳米复相陶瓷而言，热等静压烧结、放电等离子烧结、微波烧结是比较理想的烧结方法。     

常压烧结与微波烧结ZTA陶瓷性能

选择Al2 O3 -ZrO2 系统 ,采用微波烧结及常压烧结两种工艺 ,分别对ZTA陶瓷的力学性能和摩擦性能进行了测试比较 ,简单分析了影响ZTA陶瓷摩擦性能的主要因素 ,微波烧结使陶瓷的烧结温度降低 ,致密度提高 ,摩擦因数增大 ,磨损量减小     

纳米氧化铝陶瓷制备的研究进展

综述制备纳米氧化铝粉的主要制备方法:溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法、微乳液法和爆炸法,以及纳米氧化铝陶瓷的烧结新工艺:热压烧结、微波烧结和放电等离子烧结等,与传统烧结方法相比,使用这些烧结工艺制备的产品性能更优异.     

Microstructure and strength modification of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics through microwave sintering for multilayer capacitors

Relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with the composition of xPb( Mg_(1/3) Nb_(2/3)O_3-yPb (Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)O_3-zPbTiO_3 was fast sintered in a 2.45 GHz microwave system. Microwave-sintered samples illustrate more rapid densification and much smaller grain size microstructure than eonventional sintered samples. Also the microwave processing significantly increases the dielectric strength and flexural strength of the relaxor so that its strength becomes comparable with modified BaTiO_3, and could obtain comparable dielectric properties in comparison with conventional sintering process. Microwave processing has many advantages for sintering of relaxor ferroelectrie ceramics used as multilayer capacitors.     

Kinetics mechanism of microwave sintering in ceramic materials

Based on the traditional sintering model incorporating the characteristic of microwave sintering, the ionic conductance diffusion mechanism in microwave sintering was studied. A flat-ball model was presented to describe the kinetics process in microwave sintering, and was applied to the sintering process of TZP and ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ ceramics. The results indicate that the shrinkage rate of materials in microwave sintering is proportional to t ^2/3 and r ^−4/3, respectively, where t is the sintering time and r is the particle radius. Whereas, the shrinkage rate of materials in conventional sintering is proportional to sintering time t ^2/5. Our model suggests that microwave sintering is faster than conventional sintering, which shows a good agreement with the experimental observation in sintering process of TZP and ZrO₂-Al₂O₃. Supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Grant No. 50332010) and the National Key Technology Research and Development Program for Resource and Environment of China (Grant Nos. 2006BAB12B03, 2006BAB12B05)     

中温烧结Mg_4Nb_2O_9-CaTiO_3陶瓷相结构的研究

采用传统固态反应方法制备了(1-x)Mg4Nb2O9+xCaTiO3[(1-x)MN-xCT]复合陶瓷。探讨了烧结温度、组分x对Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3复合材料相结构的影响。通过XRD和EDS进行物相分析。实验结果表明:V2O5添加能够有效降低Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3陶瓷的烧结温度;(1-x)MN-xCT复相的形成主要取决于烧结温度和x的含量。1150℃烧结、0.5≤x≤0.7范围内,形成了Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3复相,无新相生成,但元素在不同相之间发生了扩散。     

Low-temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of Li2MgTi3O8 ceramics doped with BaCu（B2O5）

The influences of BaCu(B₂O₅) (BCB) addition on sintering, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Li₂MgTi₃O₈ ceramics were investigated using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and microwave dielectric measurements. The experimental results show that a small amount of BaCu(B₂O₅) addition can effectively reduce the sintering temperature to 900 °C, and induce only a limited degradation of the microwave dielectric properties. Typically, the best microwave dielectric properties of ɛ _r=24.5, Q×f =24 622 GHz, τ _f=4.2×10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹ are obtained for 1.0% BCB-doped Li₂MgTi₃O₈ ceramics sintered at 900 °C for 3 h. The BCB-doped Li₂MgTi₃O₈ ceramics can be compatible with Ag electrode, which may be a strong candidate for low temperature co-fired ceramics applications.     

陶瓷材料的凝胶注模成型技术

介绍了凝胶注模成型技术的起源、基本原理、分类、工艺流程、工艺特点以及陶瓷浆料的稳定机制。采用该技术可净尺寸生产形状复杂的大尺寸陶瓷零件，生产成本低，可靠性高，且所成型的陶瓷坯体成分和密度均匀，干燥和烧结过程中不会变形，缺陷少，坯体强度高，可进行机加工。凝胶注模成型工艺的重点和难点是浆料的可控固化，坯体与空气接触后的表面剥落以及干燥、排胶和烧结过程中升温速度的控制。     

影响碳化硼陶瓷致密化的因素

从纯碳化硼的无压烧结、添加烧结助剂、烧结时加压等方面介绍了碳化硼陶瓷活化烧结致密化的方法，综述了国内外在不同的烧结工艺下制备的碳化硼陶瓷材料的性能，进而分析了各种方法提高碳化硼陶瓷致密度的机制，比较了各种烧结方法的优缺点。结果表明：通过综合各种措施可以提高碳化硼陶瓷的致密度。     

Effect of ZnO-B<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> glass addition on the microwave dielectric properties of BaO-Nd<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> system

The effect of ZnO-B₂O₃(ZB) glass addition on the sintering behavior, microstructures and microwave dielectric properties of BaO-Nd₂O₃-TiO₂-Bi₂O₃ (BNTB) system was investigated with the aid of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and capacitance meter. It is found that the ZB glass addition, acting as a sintering aid, can effectively lower the sintering temperature of BNTB system to 850 °C. The dielectric constant of BNTB-ZB ceramics increases with the increase of soaking time and the value of dielectric loss decreased with increasing soak time. The optical dielectric properties at 1 GHz of ɛ=74, tan δ=4×10⁻⁴, and TCC=25 ppm/°c were obtained for the BNTB system doped with 25 wt% ZB glass sintered at 850 °C for 2 h, representing that the BNTB-ZB ceramics could be promising for multilayer low temperature co-fired ceramics applications.     

Low-temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of Ba<Subscript>2</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>3</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>4</Subscript>O<Subscript>18</Subscript> ceramics

The effects of CuO and H3BO3 additions on the low-temperature sintering,microstructure,and microwave dielectric properties of Ba2Ti3Nb4O18 ceramics were investigated.The addition of less amount of CuO (< 1 wt%) considerably facilitated the densification of Ba2Ti3Nb4O18 ceramics.Appropriate addition of H3BO3 (< 3.5 wt%) remarkably improved the microwave dielectric properties of ceramics.The addition of H3BO3 and CuO successfully reduced the sintering temperature of Ba2Ti3Nb4O18 ceramics from 1300 to 1050 ℃.B...     

Dielectric properties of Bi<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> ceramics by impedance spectroscopic method

Various lead-free ceramics have been investigated in search for new high-temperature dielectrics. In particular, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ is a type of ferroelectric ceramics, which is supposed to replace leadcontaining ceramics for its outstanding dielectric properties in the near future. Ferroelectric ceramics of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ made by conventional mixed oxide route have been studied by impedance spectroscopy in a wide range of temperature. X-ray diffraction patterns show that Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ ceramics are a single-phase of ferroelectric Bi-layered perovskite structure whether it is calcined at 800 °C or after sintering production. This study focused on the effect of the grain size on the electric properties of BIT ceramics. The BIT ceramics with different grain sizes were prepared at different sintering temperatures. Grain becomes coarser with the sintering temperature increasing by 50 °C, relative permittivity and dielectric loss also change a lot. When sintered at 1 100 °C, r values peak can reach 205.40 at a frequency of 100 kHz, the minimum dielectric losses of four different frequencies make no difference, all close to 0.027. The values of E _a range from 0.52 to 0.68 eV. The dielectric properties of the sample sintered at 1 100 °C are relatively better than those of the other samples by analyzing the relationship of the grain, the internal stresses, the homogeneity and the dielectric properties. SEM can better explain the results of the dielectric spectrum at different sintering temperatures. The results show that Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ ceramics are a kind of dielectrics. Thus, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ can be used in high-temperature capacitors and microwave ceramics.     

低温烧成粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖坯体微观结构及烧成机理的研究

本文采用粉煤灰为主要原料,在较低的烧成温度下研制了性能优良的粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖。着重研究了粉煤灰陶瓷的显微结构,分析了瓷体在烧成过程中的物理化学变化,探讨了粉煤灰陶瓷的低温烧成机制。进行x射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜研究,结果表明:粉煤灰陶瓷的显微结构是以粉煤灰原料中的非晶态玻珠和少量的结晶矿物石英及莫来石为骨架,烧成时产生的大量液相致密地填充骨架而构成的。粉煤灰陶瓷的烧结属于液相烧结,这种烧成机制决定粉煤灰陶瓷可以在低温下烧成。     

碳化硼陶瓷低温烧结技术的研究现状

综述了各种碳化硼陶瓷低温烧结技术及其影响因素，阐述了粉末粒度、制备工艺和化学成分等关键因素对碳化硼陶瓷烧结温度的影响，分析了进一步降低碳化硼陶瓷烧结温度的可能途径。结果表明，通过以上几种途径可以实现低温烧结。     

Microwave sintering of W-15Cu ultrafine composite powder prepared by spray drying &; calcining-continuous reduction technology

The effects of microwave sintering and conventional H2 sintering on the microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloy using ultrafine W-15Cu composite powder fabricated by spray drying & calcining-continuous reduction technology were investigated.In comparison to the conventional H2 sintering processing,microwave sintering to W-15Cu can be achieved at lower sintering temperature and shorter sintering time.Furthermore,higher performances in microwave sintered compacts were obtained,but high microwave sintering temperature or long microwave sintering time could result in coarser microstructures.     

羟基磷灰石的微波烧结

对羟基磷灰石的微波烧结进行了系统研究,确定了制备致密HAP生物陶瓷材料的最佳微波烧结工艺条件.通过XRD、SEM等手段研究了烧结温度和时间对HAP生物陶瓷的物相和显微结构的影响,测试了烧结收缩率和抗折强度.结果表明,微波烧结利于HAP陶瓷坯体的致密化,可以实现低温快速烧结,并提高陶瓷的机械强度;微波烧结对HAP的分解有促进作用,而且随着烧结温度升高和时间延长HAP分解程度增大.1 200℃烧结30 min的HAP陶瓷样品抗折强度最高,为(95.42±3.45)MPa,其主晶相为HAP和β-TCP.     

AlN陶瓷的凝胶注模成型及其导热性能

为了解决AlN陶瓷难于制备复杂形状、生产成本高、重复性差等问题,采用无毒的壳聚糖体系,以Y2O3+CaF2为烧结助剂,利用凝胶注模成型及无压烧结制备了AlN陶瓷.利用粘度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等对AlN陶瓷浆料性能和AlN陶瓷的显微组织与导热性能进行研究.结果表明:戊二醛浓度、pH值及壳聚糖含量对凝胶化时间有影响;醋酸含量降低、固相含量增加会使AlN陶瓷浆料粘度下降;真空处理有助于陶瓷浆料中气泡的去除;Y2O3+CaF2烧结助剂不但可以降低烧结温度,还可有效改善AlN陶瓷的导热性能;固相含量为52vol.%的AlN陶瓷坯体无压烧结后,热导率达到95.6 W/(m·K).     

吸波材料SiC对微波烧结纳米TiO2的影响

纳米TiO2是一种无机功能材料.采用溶胶一凝胶法及微波烧结联合制备了纳米TiO2,研究了添加吸波材料SiC对纳米TiO2晶型和粒径的影响,并利用微波烧结机理对结果进行了分析.研究结果表明:微波烧结时间短,比传统的烧结时间大大的缩短,效率提高了2倍以上;添加吸波材料SiC烧结纳米TiO2成型的时间要短;SiC的添加方式不同,导致了烧结成型的时间也不相同,制备复合SiC/TiO2粉体的烧结成型时间要比用SiC铺床的方法进行烧结的时间短,但TiO2不够纯.其中含有SiO2.     

LOW TEMPERATURE SINTERING OF FLY-ASH CERAMICS AND ITS MICROSTRUCTURE

In this paper, the fly-ash ceramics with prior physical properties was fabricated in a low sintering temperature range. XRD, SEM were used to study the microstructure and sintering mechanism. The results show that in this fly-ash ceramics,three kinds of matter form its structure frame such as the glass pearls from the fly-ash raw materials, quartz and mullite in which glass liquid phase was produced during sintering. And the sintering mechanism is that of liquid sintering.