微波辐射下活性炭固载固体酸催化合成乙酸环己酯

报道了利用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂，在微波辐射下，快速合成乙酸环己酯。实验结果显示，当微波功率为400W。催化剂用量为0．8g，n(醇)：n(酸)=1．5：1，反应时间仅为30min，酯化率为96．7％。另外通过实验发现,微波辐射下，反应速率明显高于常规加热方式。     

微波辐射四丁基溴化铵催化合成肉桂酸苄酯

研究了以肉桂酸钠和氯化苄为原料，四丁基溴化铵作催化剂，采用微波辐射技术，在常压下直接合成肉桂酸苄酯，以及催化剂用量、微波辐射功率和辐射时间对酯产率的影响。最适宜的反应条件为：当n(肉桂酸钠)／n(氯化苄)为1：1．2时，四丁基溴化铵的用量1．0g，微波功率300W，辐射25min，产率达83％以上。     

微波辐射合成单脂肪酸甘油酯

在微波辐射条件下，以氧化钙为催化剂，用脂肪酸和甘油合成了单脂肪酸甘油酯。讨论了微波功率、辐射时间、催化剂用量和醇酸摩尔比对反应的影响。其最佳反应条件为：n(脂肪酸)：n(甘油)=1：2，催化剂氧化钙1．0％，微波功率为450W，反应时间20min。该条件下的反应速率是常规加热条件下的9倍～13倍，其产物与常规加热相比具有较高的单酯含量。     

微波法MgSO4/SiO2催化合成对溴苯甲醛缩乙二醇

以对溴苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料，MgSO4／SiO2为催化剂，在无其它有机溶剂条件下，利用微波辐射直接合成对溴苯甲醛缩乙二醇。确定合成工艺条件为：微波输出功率为528W，辐射时间4min，n（对溴苯甲醛）：n（乙二醇）=1：1．4，催化剂用量n（对溴苯甲醛）：n硫酸镁=10：1。在此条件下，缩醛收率为94．2％。     

无溶剂微波辐射对甲氧基肉桂酸的合成

以对甲氧基苯甲醛为原料，醋酸铵为催化剂，采用微波辐射技术，经Knoevenagel反应，在无溶剂条件下合成了对甲氧基肉桂酸。先用L46(4^4)正交试验法确定了反应较合适的条件，然后用单因素试验法考察了酸醛摩尔比、醋酸铵用量、微波功率和辐射时间对反应的影响，得到反应的最佳条件：n(丙二酸)：n(醋酸铵)：n(醛)=1．2：1．0：1，微波功率400W，辐射时间7min。在此条件下产率为87．8％。产品结构经IR和H^1—NMR确证。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成邻硝基茴香醚

采用微波辐射技术和相转移催化剂，在常压下合成了邻硝基茴香醚。最佳反应条件为：反应物n（甲醇）：n（邻硝基氯苯）=2：1，n（三乙基苄基氯化铵）：n（邻硝基氯苯）：4：100，微波功率640W，微波辐射时间6min，产率为86．6％。     

微波辐射稀土固体超强酸SO^2-4／TiO2／La^3＋催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

苯甲醛和乙二醇以稀土固体超强酸SO^2-4／TiO2／La^3 为催化剂，经微波辐射直接催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。结果表明，当微波输出功率为210W，辐射时间3min，n(苯甲醛)：n(乙二醇)：1：2，催化剂用量0．7g(苯甲醛为0．10m01)时，苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率为88．3％。     

微波辐射硅钨酸催化合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛

丁醛和乙二醇以硅钨酸为催化剂,经微波辐射催化合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛。实验结果表明,当微波功率为260W、辐射时间2min、n（丁醛）：n（乙二醇）=1：1．5、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．20％时,丁醛乙二醇缩醛的收率为80．6％。     

微波辐射合成丙二醇硬脂酸酯

在微波辐射条件下，用不同的脂肪酸和丙二醇反应，合成脂肪酸丙二醇酯。讨论了不同催化剂、催化剂用量、微波功率、辐射时间和醇酸摩尔比对反应的影响。其优化反应条件为n(脂肪酸)：n(丙二醇)=1：2、5，催化剂(对甲基苯磺酸，PTSA)为0.8％，微波功率为600W，反应时间10min。该条件下的反应速率是常规加热条件下的24倍。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

研究了在四丁基溴化铵催化下，采用微波辐射由苯甲酸钠和溴代正丁烷发生亲核取代反应合成苯甲酸正丁酯。讨论了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、原料配比及催化剂用量等对酯化反应的影响。结果表明：当n（苯甲酸钠）：n（溴代正丁烷）：n（四丁基溴化铵）为1．0：3．0：0．3时，采用280W微波辐射55min，苯甲酸正丁酯的产率可达93．4％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。