Groundwater Exploitation and Development: Some Current Issues in Scotland

The increasing cost of water in public supply is providing renewed interest in groundwater from industry and other intensive water-users. At present, groundwater in Scotland enjoys considerable advantages: over surface water. However, there are also disadvantages: in some areas groundwater quality is poor due either to anthropogenic activity or the natural occurrence of acidic groundwaters. The future groundwater development and management policy for Scotland is being formed around the Water Resources Framework Directive and the Groundwater Action Programme. However, there are several policy constraints which urgently need to be addressed; these include (a) the role of the Water Order and (b) the need for a licensing system to control abstraction from selected aquifer units.     

体积法求解地下水的资源量

体积法是疏干体积与恢复体积水均衡方程联立求解法的简称。Q抽 -Q补 =μ×V疏 ;Q补 =μ×V恢　　体积法适用于中、小型水源地 ,它的推导和计算的过程简单、直观。利用这种方法 ,可以计算地下水的补给量和含水层的给水度 ,进一步可以计算地下水的储存量和可开采量     

江西省地下水资源的质量及其保护

本文论证了江西省地下水资源的化学成分、污染状况及其必须采取的保护措施。     

福建省龙岩盆地地下水资源评价及水资源供需平衡分析

本文在阐述龙岩盆地水文地质条件特征的基础上,依据已有的地下水长观资料,对龙岩盆地的地下水资源量进行评价,认为允许开采量约为27.9万m3/d,扣除岩溶地下热水允许开采量1.73万m3/d,实为26.2万m3/d;因此,在局部区域尚有8万m3/d的开采潜力。但根据全市近期和中长期的水资源供需平衡分析结果,到2010年时,岩溶地下水资源将不能满足全市的用水要求,必须另找出路。     

The Balance between Public Water Supply and Environmental Needs

The Anglian region is one of the driest areas in the UK, with often potentially conflicting demands for limited water resources. Experiences over the last thirty years are described in relation to the development of a policy to satisfy the needs of both public water supply and the environment. Examples of the relationship between water resource development and water-dependent environments are described together with the role of demand management. Concerns are raised as to the future expectations of water supply customers, the long-term effect of demand management and the expectations of the regulators and environmentalists.     

城市化进程中水资源供需趋势分析

在阐述我国城市化发展特点及现状的基础上，从总用水量、用水结构及用水设施的变化几个方面，探讨了我国总体水资源供需变化趋势及城市用水量总体变化趋势，为进一步制定城市水资源规划及管理政策提供借鉴。     

地下水库的概念、分类和分级问题研究

地下水库在水资源调控领域里发挥的作用已越来越大,地下水库的工程实践也有一定的基础,但在理论研究方面尚处于探索阶段,尚未形成统一的理论体系和工作规范.从概念上理解,地下水库应作为系统工程来对待,并非单一的储水库区;按照储水介质不同可以将地下水库划分孔隙地下水库、岩溶地下水库和裂隙地下水库三大类,进一步按地下水库所处的地貌单元不同划分具体类型;参照地表水库的分级标准,将地下水库按照总库容划分为四个等级:特大型、大型、中型和小型.     

从供需角度分析美国住房保障

文章介绍了美国从20世纪30年代至今针对中低收入阶层的住房保障政策,并通过供给和需求两个角度来分析美国在不同阶段采取不同住房保障模式的历史原因。结合中国现状指出美国住房保障对中国的借鉴意义。     

地下水资源评价中有关概念的讨论

就目前地下水资源评价中有关概念进行了论述 ,并针对河西走廊南北盆地水文地质条件及存在的环境问题 ,提出了开采资源的评价方法     

Groundwater Resources in the Lagan Valley Sandstone Aquifer, Northern Ireland

Beneath Belfast and the Lagan Valley lies Northern Ireland's most important aquifer, the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone. Up to 300 m in thickness and with a total abstraction of around 31 000 m³/d, it is a modest aquifer by UK and world standards; nonetheless, it is an important local water source. The use of this aquifer system as a water supply will undoubtedly increase as growth of industry and population continues in the Belfast metropolitan area. Even with the mesic climate of Ireland, groundwater mining of this aquifer system is already occurring, and thus there is a need for detailed aquifer planning and protection to be implemented in order to preserve this resource for the future.     

干旱气候条件下黄河流域自产水资源调配方案研究

以干旱气候(75%降水保证率)条件下的黄河流域自产水资源优化配置为研究目标,选用线性规划法,对2010年、2020年黄河流域地下水与地表水资源进行了联合调配研究。结果表明:2010年以前,在仅考虑黄河流域自产水资源量的情况下,需采取适当超采地下水、强化工农业节水10%以上的措施,以满足黄河流域社会经济发展的用水需求;2020年,在适当超采地下水、强化工农业再节水5%的措施下,自产水资源量不能满足全流域用水需求,需要实施南水北调西线工程。     

城市地下水资源评价中应特别注意的若干问题探讨

基于深圳某中心区核心地块地下水资源评价的成果分析 ,探讨了影响地下水储量及长期抽取地下水对环境影响的若干因素 ,强调了抽水试验井的成井工艺和洗井工艺及长期沉降观测在地下水资源评价中的重要性 ,提出了在水位降深不变的情况下 ,抽水井的涌水量随时间有缓慢减少趋势的观点以供探讨。     

Estimating Small Area Demand for Water: A New Methodology

The estimation of water demand is fundamental to effective water resource management. Water supply is measured at district level but true demand is not, and therefore studies of water-pricing relations are limited and mass-balance based assessment of leakage, illegal use, meter inaccuracies etc., are compromised. This paper describes the value and limitations of existing geodemographic methods, and an alternative technique widely used in other fields, microsimulation, is proposed. It is shown that geographic stability in demand relations is not found in all consumer commodities and cannot be assumed for water. Sampled data for Leeds, West Yorkshire, are used to construct a microsimulation model, and the results of that model are applied to the city of Leeds at ward level. Applicability is also demonstrated at enumeration district level.     

三工河流域地下水资源与可持续利用

三工河流域地处新疆天山北坡经济带,流域发源于天山博格达峰,是独立的小流域。而流域的自然景观和地貌单元的完整性,具有大流域的分布规律。目前流域供水水源以河道来水和开采地下水为主,由于长期的超采地下水,已经造成该流域地下水位持续下降。本文在系统地阐述流域地质条件以及含水层组特征的基础上,利用流域多年基础资料,采用水均衡方法,对现状进行水资源平衡分析、地下水平衡分析、耗水量平衡分析,构建出合理地下水数值模型,并进行了地下水水位、水量远景预报,确定出合理的地下水资源量以及合理的地下水可开采量。根据流域的不同地貌单元,制定出不同的地下水开发利用模式与保护区,按照限制开采、调蓄开采、调控开采和禁止开采等四个区域确定地下水利用模式。     

Analysing and Forecasting Peak Demands on the Public Water Supply

The paper examines the magnitude of present and future peaks in the public water supply in England and Wales. Current knowledge is surveyed, including recent research undertaken for the Department of the Environment. Reference to a number of surveys permits a 'first-cut'estimate to be made of the micro-components of typical domestic peaks in south and east England, and judgement is used to predict peaks for 2021. Finally, evidence concerning the effect of domestic metering on peak demands is summarized, suggesting a major role for economic instruments in the reconciliation of future demands and supplies.     

Water Supply and Demand Balances: Converting Uncertainty Into Headroom

This paper reports on research into the development of a standard procedure for calculating headroom. Headroom is a legitimate planning allowance to account for uncertainties in the supply/demand balance in a water-resource plan. Prior to this research, the UK water industry did not have an agreed method for calculating headroom, which resulted in inconsistencies in regulatory submissions. The research built on previous studies to define an approach that would be practical and easy to apply. A pragmatic methodology using a series of forms with clear guidelines was developed. The methodology has been applied in the 1998 supply/demand balance submissions to the regulatory authorities as part of the Asset Management Plan 3 periodic review.     

安阳市区地下水的可持续利用研究

依据城市地下水开发利用的基本情况,指出了安阳市区地下水资源开发利用中存在的一些主要问题,提出了控制开采、防止污染、节约用水、建立合理水价体系等对策建议,以促进地下水资源的可持续利用和经济社会的持续健康发展.     

生物法去除地下水铁锰的影响因素研究

阐明了地下水中铁、锰的危害及去除机理。总结出生物除铁除锰是今后发展的重点方向,分析了生物法除地下水中铁锰的影响因素,指出由于理论研究与工程实践相对较少,生物除铁除锰技术还有待进一步研究和实践。     

WaterCAD软件在供水系统管网平差中的应用

WaterCAD软件可对供水管网系统进行静态与动态模拟分析和设计,能够快速、便捷地为用户产生各种图表、曲线和报告。利用WaterCAD软件对寿光市城区供水管网进行平差计算,以不同颜色表示节点压力、节点流量、管段管径、管长、流速、流量等各项信息,使供水管网系统化、图形化和直观化。采用此软件,可以保障供水系统的安全,提高供水系统的自动化水平。     

煤矿采空区输气管道安全措施及应变监测系统

分析煤矿采空区输气管道的安全措施,对应变监测系统的组成、现场装置、通信系统、监测中心软件进行了探讨。