风电场动态等值及其在暂态稳定分析中的应用

风力发电厂系统的完整模型建模,阶数太高,不适合全系统在线安全分析和稳定裕度计算。提出一种风电场双馈感应发电机(DFIG)动态等值技术,即将风力发电厂中的多台DFIG发电单元等值聚合为一个发电单元,对发电单元的聚合包括风力涡轮机的聚合、双馈感应发电机聚合以及电能传输和收集系统的聚合。保留了在不同的风速下,被聚合的发电单元的主要的动态性能。聚合模型应用在电力系统在线仿真中,优化了在线分析计算时间,提高了在线计算的精确性。等值前后发电单元具有相同的模型结构。通过仿真研究,验证了动态等值方法的正确性。     

不同风电场模型对风电场电压的影响评估

目前,实际的电力系统仿真计算将风电场处理为一台风电机组。随着并入输电网的风电容量持续增加,仍按照一台风机等效对系统仿真计算造成的误差不容忽视,该误差能引起风电场内部保护装置的误动作。文章针对不同风电模型对风电场电压的影响做了详细比较,并给出了量化指标。经过试验仿真分析得出以下结论:不同风电场模型对风电场出口和并网点电压的影响不同,当恒速异步风电机构成的风电场采用一台风电机等效时,将会使风电场出口的相电压计算平均误差达到16.667%。因此,为保证仿真精度与风电场保护的正确动作,在对含风电场的电力系统进行仿真计算时,应将风电场处理为若干台风电机。     

风电场等值模型可辨识性研究

研究了风电场等值模型参数的可辨识性,对风电场模型参数的辨识具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。结果表明,利用风电场扰动前、后稳态条件和动态过程,证明了风电场等值模型参数是可唯一辨识的。     

用于励磁控制器参数优化的发电机外部动态等值系统参数辨识

针对静态等值系统不能完全反映近端机组对被研究发电机的动态影响,提出了一种动态等值系统,即将远方复杂的大电网和近端同母线机组分别等值为无穷大母线和动态机组,通过Matlab编程搭建了动态等值系统,提出了穷举辨识算法,仅根据研究发电机机端数据即可辨识出动态等值系统的参数,并通过大电网数据辨识及PSS参数优化验证了动态等值系统参数辨识的有效性。     

大型风电场失速型机组等值建模的研究

对于风电场中失速型机组的多机等值,采用异步发电机的机电暂态模型求解发电机组的等值电气参数,利用基于传递函数概念的参数辨识方法及最小二乘法求解发电机组的动态等值参数。利用系统等值得结果对一实例进行仿真,结果表明了等值方法的有效性和正确性,为今后研究风电场与电网之间的相互影响提供了良好的模型基础。     

直驱式风电场并网动态等值研究

随着直驱式风力发电机在电网中的比例增加,研究其精确的动态等值模型越来越重要。根据直驱式风力发电机的输出特性,提出了基于风速分群的多机等值方法。在等值计算中,考虑了直驱式风电机组并网时变压器和集电线路对等值效果的影响,并计及了尾流效应对风机输入风速的影响。所提等值方法适合于直驱式风电场并网的分析计算,具有实际工程的应用价值。     

考虑尾流效应及连接架构的风电场等值方法研究北大核心CSCD

对大型风电场进行完整的仿真分析会消耗巨大的时间成本。文章提出了一种基于尾流效应和连接架构的风电场等值法,考虑了风机位置对输入风速的影响,最大程度地保留了原有结构和性能,建立了简单准确的等值模型。分析了容量加权法的误差及原因,提出了根据风电场连接架构对风机群进行考虑尾流效应的分组方法,并通过容量加权法对分组进行参数聚合。通过Matlab/Simulink建立仿真模型,结果表明,所提模型的各项性能在不同风向下均能与原模型性能相近,具有较高的精确度和适应度。     

适用于短路故障分析的风电场动态等值建模方法

针对风电场集电网络等值较为粗略、对非对称故障时等值模型精确度关注较少的情况,提出一种适用于短路故障分析的风电场动态等值建模方法。首先,依据系统潮流计算结果对集电网络进行等值解耦计算,并采用基于模块度的K均值算法对各风力机端电压进行聚类分析,实现风电机群内的多机聚合。其次,考虑到集电网络分布电容的影响,对聚合后风电场设置集中无功补偿电容。随后,为保证非对称故障过程中等值模型的有效性,提出风电场零序网络的等值方法。最后,基于时域仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC下搭建的电磁暂态仿真模型,验证了所提动态等值方法的有效性。     

大规模并网型风电场等值建模研究现状

风电场等值模型的建立有助于对含有大规模风电接入的电网进行稳态运行以及各种稳定性问题的分析研究。介绍了风电场等值建模的基本思想,基于国内外关于大规模并网型风电场等值建模的研究现状,对风电场稳态和动态的各种等值建模法进行了简要的分析和综述。     

基于RTDS的风电场等值建模与验证分析

针对风电场运行条件复杂、运行工况动态变化导致风电场输出功率的分散性问题,采用数理统计方法对风电场外特性进行稳态等值,考虑到大型风电场所处地形复杂、机群分布不规则带来的风速差异性问题,以风电场内长时间尺度实测风速数据作为特征变量,采用改进动态聚类算法进行机群划分,进而基于风电场参数对等值机模型的参数进行聚合辨识。基于RTDS实时数字建模及仿真试验分析结果表明,建立的风电场等值模型能够准确地反映风电场在不同风速及电网侧短路故障下的动态特性,可用于含双馈风电机组风电场接入电力系统稳定性分析。     

含变速双馈风电机组风电场的等值问题

在研究含变速双馈风电机组的风电场对电网的影响时,需要建立合理的风电场模型.文章介绍了大型风电场的等值建模的主要特点,探讨了含变速双馈风电机组的风电场等值方法和在等值过程中应注意的问题,为今后变速双馈风电机组在大型并网风电场中的应用提供参考.     

Investigating the possibility of using different hub height wind turbines in a wind farm

Many researchers have focused on the layout design of a wind farm using the computational methods. Most of previous researches focused on relevant large cell size and using same hub height wind turbines. In this paper, the authors investigate the possibility of using different hub height wind turbines in a wind farm. A limited area (2?km?×?2?km) with constant wind speed and direction is considered as the potential wind farm area, and a nested genetic algorithm is used as optimisation algorithm. Two different hub height wind turbines are introduced with two different cell sizes. Power output, cost, payback period, and total profit are selected as evaluation criteria when comparing the layouts with same hub height wind turbines with the layouts with different hub height wind turbines. The results demonstrate that it is feasible and possible to use different hub height wind turbines in a wind farm.     

Application of gray relational analysis to k-means clustering for dynamic equivalent modeling of wind farm

Considering the characteristics of dynamic gray correlation among operational conditions of wind turbines, an innovative clustering method for dynamic equivalent modeling of wind farms (WFs) based on the dynamic gray cluster algorithm is proposed. The proposed method is used to determine the number and composition of equivalent wind turbine (WT) groups that can be used to represent a WF. Based on an analysis of auto-correlation coefficients among the various monitoring items of a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system for a WT, the time span of clustering samples is determined. Then, a correlation matrix of the clustering samples is constructed by using the dynamic gray relational analysis method. Finally, WTs are divided into groups by analyzing the abovementioned correlation matrix by using the k-means clustering algorithm, and WTs belonging to the same group are considered equivalent to one turbine to realize dynamic equivalent modeling of WFs. The method is demonstrated on a WF comprising 22 WTs connected to an IEEE 39 bus test system. Dynamic responses of the proposed model for the WF are compared against the response of the detailed model and other models for various scenarios. The comparison results show that the proposed dynamic equivalent model can describe the dynamic response characteristics of a WF with accuracy similar to that of the detailed model, and the proposed model is simpler and has lower computational complexity.     

老爷庙风电场风能资源评价

本文利用老爷庙风电场2001年4月～2002年4月逐时平均风向、风速资料,对老爷庙风电场的风能资源各参数进行了计算和分析,并与附近星子气象站累年或同期资料进行比较,对老爷庙风电场风能资源进行评价。     

Aggregated dynamic model for wind farms with doubly fed induction generator wind turbines

As a result of increasing wind farms penetration in power systems, the wind farms begin to influence power system, and thus the modelling of wind farms has become an interesting research topic. Nowadays, doubly fed induction generator based on wind turbine is the most widely used technology for wind farms due to its main advantages such as high-energy efficiency and controllability, and improved power quality. When the impact of a wind farm on power systems is studied, the behavior of the wind farm at the point common coupling to grid can be represented by an equivalent model derived from the aggregation of wind turbines into an equivalent wind turbine, instead of the complete model including the modelling of all the wind turbines. In this paper, a new equivalent model of wind farms with doubly fed induction generator wind turbines is proposed to represent the collective response of the wind farm by one single equivalent wind turbine, even although the aggregated wind turbines operate receiving different incoming winds. The effectiveness of the equivalent model to represent the collective response of the wind farm is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results of equivalent and complete models both during normal operation and grid disturbances.     

风电场代表年风速计算方法的分析

在对风电场进行风资源评估时,常采用气象站与测风塔的相关关系,将现场测风数据订正为一套反映风电场长期平均水平的代表性数据进行风资源分析,而对代表年风速订正是否合理是影响风资源评估误差的重要因素。文章以内蒙古地区某风电场风资源分析为例,探讨采用常规方法和改进方法对代表年风速的订正所产生的误差情况,结果表明,通过改进方法进行修正得到的代表年平均风速的变化规律与气象站多年的变化规律一致,此方法弥补了常规方法中的一些不确定因素对代表年修正结果的影响,减小了误差范围。     

风电场设计后评估活动的探讨

近年来,我国风电产业高速发展,国内风电装机容量连续3年翻番,但风电项目实际上网电量和设计发电量还存在一些差异.文章探讨了风电场的设计后评估,主要从设计角度考察设计指标与实际运行参数的差距,并找出产生差距的具体原因.通过后评估活动进一步优化风电场设计和更加准确地计算风电投资成本和上网电价.     

Transient stability of a fixed speed wind farm

A typical fixed speed wind farm connected to a simple grid is modelled. Using this model, a three-phase fault is applied close to the wind farm, and cleared by disconnecting the affected line. The effect of several electric, mechanical and operational parameters on the critical fault-clearing time of this base case is evaluated and discussed. The studied parameters are the short-circuit power at the connection bus, the reactive power compensation, the distance to the fault, the rotor inertia, the hub-generator resonant frequency, the wind speed and the power output. For each parameter, the relationship between its value and the critical fault-clearing time is shown graphically. The results help to understand the transient stability phenomena in fixed speed wind farms, and could help to design fixed speed wind farms attending to transient stability requirements.     

电力系统潮流计算中双馈式风电场节点的处理方法

潮流计算是风电场接入系统设计的重要环节之一。准确的潮流计算结果对于建立风电场稳态模型是十分必要的。文章提出了不同控制方式下的双馈机组风电场节点在潮流计算中的处理方法以及潮流计算的具体步骤,给出了节点间的转化方法。运用PSASP进行仿真验证,证实了所提方法的可行性。