改善高分子PTC材料可恢复过流保护性能的老化方法

研究了热老化及老化过程对高分子ＰＴＣ材料电阻值的影响, 电老化对耐流、耐压、耐雷击等电性能的影响。结果表明, 不同的热老化条件可使高分子ＰＴＣ材料电阻值发生不同程度的变化, 电老化可有效改善其电性能。     

导电高分子材料在隐身技术中的应用

从导电高分子材料的导电机理出发,以导电高分子材料的吸波机理、红外隐身机理以及电致变色机理为基础,研究和分析了导电高分子材料在隐身技术中的应用现状及其不足,最终得出了导电高分子材料在隐身技术中的应用前景及其发展趋势.     

高分子电致变色和电致发光材料应用技术的进展

介绍了导电高分子材料在电致变色和电致发光方面的应用，综合报道了该科学技术领域国内外的进展状况以及存在的问题，并对电致变色和电致发光机理、材料制备与器件的制作等研究现状作了评述。     

5G通信电子材料使用高分子树脂的研究

综述了近年来5G通信电子材料使用高分子树脂的最新研究进展，阐述此类高分子材料在降低介电常数、介电损耗方面采用的方法和取得的效果，重点介绍了聚酰亚胺、聚四氟乙烯、环氧树脂、双马来酰亚胺和聚苯醚的最新研究成果和应用进展，展望低介电电子材料使用高分子树脂材料的发展趋势，以期为高分子树脂在5G通信电子材料中的应用提供借鉴。     

稀土磁性复合微球的显微形貌及复合微相结构

稀土元素因其电子结构的特殊性而具有光、电、磁等特性 ,已广泛应用于发光材料、荧光材料、激光材料、防护材料、光学塑料、磁性材料、催化剂、荧光探测技术等领域[1] 。磁性高分子微球是一种既具有磁响应性 ,表面又含有活性基因的功能性复合微球 ,因此在分子生物学、固定化酶、免疫测定、医学、选择性催化等领域显示出强大的生命力[2 ] 。采用“复合技术”巧妙地将稀土特性赋予磁性高分子微球 ,必将开拓出一系列新的功能材料。借鉴稀土掺杂或键合高分子聚合物而制得各种功能材料的方法 ,作者首次将稀土离子在聚合过程中掺入反应体系 ,制备…     

红外光谱在高分子材料研究中的应用

简单介绍了红外光谱法的研究进展、制样方法及其在高分子材料领域的应用情况.该方法具有快速、方便等优点,因而在高分子材料研究中发挥着重要作用.展望了红外技术在高分子材料领域中的应用前景.     

轻质宽频导电高分子微波吸收材料研究

导电高分子材料(PA、PAn、PPy、PTh、PPV等)具有分子结构可设计、成本低、易合成、加工方便,同时又具有对不同频率的微波产生吸收,且吸收频段宽、比重轻(密度:1.0～2.0g/cm3)、热稳定性好等特点,有望发展成为新型宽频有机吸波材料[1].文章对导电高分子微波吸收材料的吸波原理、分类和制备方法及近期国内外研究进展进行了介绍.     

走路就可为手机充电

正这种用高分子透明薄膜材料做成的器件就是一种发电机,或称摩擦电发电机。纳米能源所首席科学家王中林院士告诉记者,摩擦电发电机主要由有机材料和常见金属构成,其用量极少。"摩擦电发电机利用的是摩擦起电和静电感应效应的耦合,同时配合薄层式电极的设计,实现电流的有效输出,目前的输出功率最高可达500瓦/平方米。"     

高分子PTC材料的进展与发展趋势

介绍高分子PTC材料的历史、结构组成、理论和工艺研究进展,以及国内外的应用和产业化发展情况,并就高分子PTC材料的理论研究和产业化发展提出见解。     

电子元器件高密度封装技术

概述了电子设备行业为了实现小型、轻量化与高速、大容量的信息传输,对电子元器件及装置实施小型化、高密度组装、微细导线、最短连线所需的三维组装和立体电路成形技术.论述了电子元器件组装中所采用的高分子材料及对其高性能的期望、金属与高分子材料的连接所应用的界面控制技术.讨论了界面控制技术的具体应用,如多层线路板、半导体密封材料、异向性导电连接材料、半导体制造工程用粘结带等.     

Conjugated Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (C‐PIMs)

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have shown great potential for energy and environmental issues, however, poor solubility and processability of most of these materials limit their applications. Herein, a range of linear conjugated polymers of intrinsic microporosity (C‐PIMs) is reported, combining for the first time the properties of conjugated microporous polymers, such as tunable electronic properties and compositional variation, with those of linear polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) allowing for solution processability and film formation. These soluble materials have a number of potential applications, for example as components in devices where large, porous interfaces are combined with extended electronic conjugation.     

Molecularly Imprinted Silver‐Halide Reflection Holograms for Label‐Free Opto‐Chemical Sensing

Hierarchical structuring of materials offers exciting opportunities to construct functional devices that exploit the ordering at different length scales to impart key functional properties. Herein, multiple processes are combined to create complex materials organized at the molecular, nano, and microscales for selective detection of testosterone by label‐free opto‐chemical sensing. Molecular imprinting is used to construct molecular scale analyte‐selective cavities. Microphase separation produces a porous polymer film within which sensitized silver halide nanocolloids are dispersed by a process of infusion and controled precipitation, then converted to periodic layers of silver nanoparticles by holographic patterning followed by chemical development. Testosterone binding is followed via wavelength changes of the holographic reflection peak as a function of testosterone concentration and incubation time. Polymer cross‐linking and film porosity are optimized with respect to the needs of both molecular recognition and hologram quality. The silver halide infusion step does not destroy the molecular selectivity of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). Selective, label‐free sensing of testosterone is possible at concentrations down to 1 μm . The approach is generic and should be applicable to many types of molecules and conventional MIP formulations, individually or in multiplexed arrays.     

A Universal Strategy to Utilize Polymeric Semiconductors for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Longevity

In this contribution, a facile and universal method is successfully reported to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with enhanced efficiency and stability. Through dissolving functional conjugated polymers in antisolvent chlorobenzene to treat the spinning CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite film, the resultant devices exhibit significantly enhanced efficiency and longevity simultaneously. In‐depth characterizations demonstrate that thin polymer layer well covers the top surface of perovskite film, resulting in certain surface passivation and morphology modification. More importantly, it is shown that through rational chemical modification, namely molecular fluorination, the air stability and photostability of the perovskite solar cells are remarkably enhanced. Considering the vast selection of conjugated polymer materials and easy functional design, promising new results are expected in further enhancement of device performance. It is believed that the findings provide exciting insights into the role of conjugated polymer in improving the current perovskite‐based solar cells.     

Crystallinity and Orientation Manipulation of Anthracene Diimide Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cells

Electron-carrying polymers are highly desired for various optoelectronic applications but are still scarce. Herein, two anthracene diimide (ADI) polymers with thiophene and bithiophene as comonomer, respectively, are reported as electron acceptor materials in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) for the first time. Effects of crystallinity and orientation of two polymer films as well as their blends with different donor polymers on photovoltaic properties are elaborately investigated by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and photo-induced force microscopy. It is found that molecular crystallinity and orientation determine the blend film morphology, and the similar high crystallinity and the same face-on orientation of donor and acceptor polymers are favorable for obtaining excellent photovoltaic performances. With this principle, a suitable donor polymer is singled out to match with the ADI acceptor polymer, offering an impressive efficiency of ≈7% for all-PSCs. This work demonstrates that ADI polymers are promising as acceptor materials and provides guidelines for screening donor and acceptor polymer combinations for all-PSCs.     

Development of Film Sensors Based on Conjugated Polymers for Copper (II) Ion Detection

A fluorescent film sensor was prepared by chemical modification of a polyfluorene derivative on a glass‐plate surface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry measurements demonstrate the covalent attachment of the polyfluorene derivative to the glass‐plate surface. The sensor was used to detect Cu²⁺ ions in aqueous solution by a mechanism exploiting fluorescence quenching of conjugated polymers. Among the tested metal ions, the film sensor presents good selectivity towards Cu²⁺ ions. Further experiments show that the sensing process is reversible. Moreover, sensory microarrays based on conjugated polymers targeting Cu²⁺ ions are constructed, which display similar sensing performance to that of the film sensor. The structural motif in which conjugated polymers are covalently confined to a solid substrate surface offers several attractive advantages for sensing applications. First, in comparison with film sensors in which small fluorescent molecules are employed as sensing elements, the sensitivity of our new film sensor is enhanced due to the signal‐amplifying effect of the conjugated polymers. Second, the film sensors or microarrays can be used in aqueous environments, which is crucial for their potential use in a wide range of real‐world systems. Since the sensing process is reversible, the sensing materials can be reused. Third, unlike physically coated polymer chains, the covalent attachment of the grafted chains onto a material surface precludes desorption and imparts long‐term stability of the polymer chains.     

Large‐Area Nanoscale Patterning of Functional Materials by Nanomolding in Capillaries

Within the past years there has been much effort in developing and improving new techniques for the nanoscale patterning of functional materials used in promising applications like nano(opto)electronics. Here a high‐resolution soft lithography technique—nanomolding in capillaries (NAMIC)—is demonstrated. Composite PDMS stamps with sub‐100 nm features are fabricated by nanoimprint lithography to yield nanomolds for NAMIC. NAMIC is used to pattern different functional materials such as fluorescent dyes, proteins, nanoparticles, thermoplastic polymers, and conductive polymers at the nanometer scale over large areas. These results show that NAMIC is a simple, versatile, low‐cost, and high‐throughput nanopatterning tool.     

Messenger Materials Moving Forward: The Role of Functional Polymer Architectures as Enablers for Dynamic Nano-to-Macro Messaging

Identifying changes in the nanoscopic domain is a key challenge in the physicochemical sciences, where great interest is on sensing complex processes that involve cellular biochemical reactions, chemical heterogeneities, contact forces, and other interfacial phenomena. This has stimulated the development of diverse materials that allow subtle nanoscopic environments to be "seen". The challenge in the nano-domain has always been the ability to sense changes on the minute scale and rapidly transduce the information out for macroscopical observation. Ideally, materials should inform when processes are occurring. Recently, new systems that leverage established concepts with fluorescence- and plasmonic-based sensing have been devised, which has reinvigorated the domain, where functional polymers coupled in specific architectures to transducing motifs allow for a new basis of messenger materials to be realized. The key aspect in this regard is that the polymers allow for sensing to be achieved only when they are carefully coupled to the amplification system. In this perspective, the role of specific functional polymer architectures for the realization of nano-to-macro sensing of subtle nano-messengers is discussed and where the exciting field of messenger materials is seen moving forward is pointed out.     

Patterning of Oriented Photofunctional Polymer Systems Through Selective Photobleaching

Many applications of semiconducting conjugated polymers in (opto)electronic devices require the patterning of these functional materials into structures with feature sizes of typically between 1 and 100 μm, ideally by simple and reliable methods. We demonstrate that selective photobleaching, i.e., a spatially resolved change of the chemical structure of the active species by irradiation through an appropriate mask, is an extremely simple and versatile technique that satisfies this need. The process is particularly attractive for structuring oriented materials that exhibit anisotropic properties and is of potential interest for a broad range of applications.     

Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Polymeric Materials by Colloidal Crystal Templating for Reversible CO2 Capture

The design and preparation of porous materials with controlled structures and functionalities is crucial to a variety of absorption‐ or separation‐relevant applications, including CO₂ capture. Here, novel functional polymeric materials with three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structures are prepared by using colloidal crystals as templates using relatively simple, rapid, and inexpensive approaches. These ordered structures are used for the reversible CO₂ capture from ambient air by humidity swing. Typically, the colloidal crystal template is synthesized from polymer latex particles of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS). To maintain the functionality of the material, it is important to prevent the porous structure collapsing, which can occur by the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in conventional crosslinkers under basic conditions. This hydrolysis can be prevented by using a water‐soluble crosslinker containing two quaternary ammonium moieties, which can be used to prepare stable porous crosslinked polymers with the monomer (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTMACl) and using a PMMA‐based colloidal crystal template. The hydroxide‐containing monomer and dicationic crosslinker are synthesized from their chloride precursors, avoiding the ion‐exchange step which causes shrinkage of the pores. An analysis of different methods for infiltrating the monomer solution into the colloidal crystal template shows that infiltration using capillary forces leads to fewer defects than infiltration under a partial vacuum. In addition, functional macroporous films with micrometer thickness are prepared from a template of PS‐based colloidal crystals in a thin film. In general, the colloidal crystal templated materials showed improved CO₂ absorption/desorption rates and swing sizes compared to a commercially available material with similar functional groups. This work could easily be extended to create a new generation of ordered macroporous polymeric materials with tunable functionalities for other applications.     

Electrochemically Nanostructured Polyvinylferrocene/Polypyrrole Hybrids with Synergy for Energy Storage

Unconjugated redox polymers, such as polyvinylferrocene (PVF), have rarely been used for energy storage due to their low intrinsic conductivity. Conducting polymers with conjugated backbones, though conductive, may suffer from insufficient exposure to the electrolyte due to the often formed nonporous structures. The present work overcomes this limitation via simultaneous electropolymerization of pyrrole and electroprecipitation of PVF on electrode surfaces. This synthesis method relies on the π–π stacking interactions between the aromatic pyrrole monomers and the metallocene moieties of PVF. This fabrication process results in a highly porous polymer film, which enhances the ion accessibility to polypyrrole (PPy). PPy serves as a “molecular wire,” improving the electronic conductivity of the hybrid and the utilization efficiency of ferrocene. The PVF/PPy hybrid exhibited a specific capacitance of 514.1 F g^?1 _, which significantly exceeds those of PPy (27.3 F g^?1) and PVF (79.0 F g^?1), respectively. This approach offers an alternative to nanocarbon materials for improving the electronic conductivity of polymer hybrids, and suggests a new strategy for fabricating nanostructured polymer hybrids. This strategy can potentially be applied to various polymers with π‐conjugated backbones and redox polymers with metallocene moieties for applications such as energy storage, sensing, and catalysis.