减重步行训练在脑卒中偏瘫康复中的临床应用

脑卒中患者的步行功能障碍常严重影响其日常活动和生存质量,是康复训练的重要内容之一.减重步行训练(body weight support treadmill training,BWSTT)是近年来应用于神经康复领域、改善偏瘫患者步行功能的一种新的康复治疗技术.本文旨在简要综述近些年来,减重步行训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者康复中的临床应用情况.     

平衡训练对前交叉韧带重建术后本体感觉的影响

目的 探讨应用平衡板训练在前交叉韧带重建术后康复中的作用.方法 将前交叉韧带损伤术后患者随机分为平衡训练组和对照组,对照组采用一般康复训练方法,平衡训练组采用平衡板进行训练,术后6月进行患者位置觉、膝关节功能评分及肌电图测定,结果平衡训练组位置觉测试,膝关节功能评分均明显好于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.05);肌电图测定显示平衡训练组样本率比较存在统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 平衡训练有助于前交叉韧带损伤术后本体感觉的恢复.     

大强度减重步态对脑瘫儿童的功能性步态及耐力的影响

目的:探讨大强度减重步态对脑瘫儿童的功能性步态及耐力的影响.方法:随机选择我院2010年10月～2011年3月的收治的40例痉挛型脑瘫儿童,治疗前对患儿进行改良Ashorth法肌张力评级以及粗大运动功能评估,把所有患者随机分成两组,每组20例,对照组采用常规的康复治疗,治疗组在常规康复训练的基础上应用大强度减重步态训练,经过 3个月的治疗后采用用功能性步行分级(FCA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)进行评定.结果:经过训练,40例脑瘫儿童功能性步态及耐力均得到不同程度改善.但治疗组的改善程度明显高于对照组.结论:大强度减重步态训练是一种安全有效的治疗脑瘫儿童的功能性步态及耐力异常的方法,在脑瘫儿童的治疗中应广泛应用.     

脑卒中偏瘫康复训练中物理因子应用的疗效观察

目的:探讨康复训练中物理因子的应用对脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能的影响.方法:40例脑卒中患者随机分为2组,实验组和对照组各20例.分别进行应用物理因子的康复训练和传统的康复训练.在训练前后对患者偏瘫侧上、下肢运动功能水平,采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能积分法进行评估,及进行Brunnstrom分级.运用Barthel指数评定患者日常生活活动(ADL)能力.并对应用不同康复训练两组患者分别在1个月后进行评价.结果:两组患者进行康复训练后肢体运动功能均有提高,实验组与对照组具有显著性差异,Brunnstrom达VI级以上(包括VI级)的样本率分别进行统计处理,实验组上肢功能康复训练前IV级以上5例,康复训练后23例进步45%;下肢功能康复训练前IV级以上7例,康复训练后28例进步52.5%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).Barthel指数评定康复训练前后相比有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:在脑卒中偏瘫患者康复训练中应用物理因子对脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能恢复可起明显的促进作用.     

早期良肢位及康复训练对脑卒中恢复的影响

目的:探讨良肢位及康复训练对脑卒中恢复期患者运动功能和ADL的影响.方法:住院时良肢位摆放及康复训练,出院后转入家庭的脑卒中偏瘫患者100例,随机分为训练组和对照组各50例,训练组由主管医生根据患者具体情况制订早期康复训练计划,并进行主、被动训练指导;对照组则按医嘱服药和自己锻炼为主.结果:治疗6个月后,两组患者的运动功能和ADL均较治疗前有所提高,Fugly-meyer运动功能评分和Barthel指数评分,训练组均明显高于对照组(P<0.05、0.01).结论:早期规范的良肢位摆放及康复训练对降低脑卒中偏瘫患者的致残率,规范的延续治疗及患者生活质量的提高均有重要意义.     

电针及康复训练对肩手综合征的疗效分析

目的:探讨电针及康复训练对脑卒中患者肩手综合征的影响.方法:脑卒中患者48例,随机分成3组各16例.电针组分别选取患侧肩髃、肩髎、肩贞、曲池、外关、合谷穴针刺加电;康复组综合运用运动及作业疗法;针康组则采用两种方法结合治疗.结果:治疗四周后,3组患者VAS评分、肿胀指数较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分、BI评分较治疗前有明显增加(P<0.05).与电针组及康复组比较,针康组各项评定结果更优(P<0.05).治疗后ADL评分3组间比较差异无显著性意义.结论:电针结合康复训练能显著提高脑卒中患者肩手综合征恢复的疗效.     

电针配合小脑电刺激治疗对小脑梗塞患者平衡障碍的疗效观察

目的:观察电针配合小脑电刺激治疗对小脑梗塞患者平衡障碍干预的作用.方法:选择48例小脑梗塞患者,随机分为治疗组,对照组.2组均予小脑电刺激治疗,治疗组在此基础上还进行电针治疗.治疗前及治疗1个月后均采用Berg平衡量表,改良Barthel指数评分评定.结果:与对照组比较,治疗组Berg平衡量表,改良Barthel指数评分均有较大改善,有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:电针配合小脑电刺激治疗能有效改善小脑梗塞患者平衡功能的恢复.     

中药药熨结合康复训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床观察

目的:观察中药药熨结合康复训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床疗效.方法:选取脑卒中后出现肩手综合征的患者90名,采用随机对照法将病例分为对照组、治疗组和综合组各30例,对照组采用常规康复治疗,治疗组采用中药药熨治疗,综合组在常规康复治疗上应用中药药熨治疗.治疗前后应用Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评分、视觉类比评分法、肿胀评价进行疗效评定.结果:总有效率对照组为83.30%,治疗组为80.00%,综合组为93.30%,综合组与其余两组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:中药药熨结合康复训练干预脑卒中后肩手综合征治疗效果优于单一的康复组及药熨组.     

对工伤患者心理干预的探讨

目的:探讨早期心理干预治疗在工伤患者致残后中的作用.方法:将130例由社会保障经办机构确认的工伤患者分为干预组(在康复治疗的同时进行心理干预治疗)和对照组(接受单纯康复治疗).用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、日常生活能力Barthel指数进行评分,出院后进行随诊半年,用量表评定疗效.结果:与对照组比较,干预组在焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、日常生活能力Barthel指数的评分均有较大改善(P＜0.05).结论:越早进行心理干预,对患者的全面康复效果越好.     

康复训练在老年痴呆患者中的应用

目的 探讨康复训练在老年痴呆患者中的应用效果.方法 将80例老年痴呆患者随机分成观察组和对照组各40例.观察组在用药的基础上给予12周的康复训练,对照组给予药物治疗和健康教育.应用日常生活自理能力量表(ADL),护士观察量表(NOSIE-30)分别在入组时和12周时评定其病情和日常生活自理能力.结果 入组时的ADL、NOSIE评分没有统计学的差异(P＞0.05),12周时ADL、NOSIE评分的评分具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 康复训练能延缓病情发展,改善患者的认知功能和提高日常生活自理能力.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.