交流微电网能量管理双层控制系统及其策略研究

为满足分布式电源和微电网技术发展的需要,针对含有光伏发电系统、风力发电系统、双馈风电模拟实验平台、储能系统以及负荷的微电网实验系统,设计开发了微电网能量管理双层控制系统,即本地智能控制层和专家协调控制层;分析了交流微电网在并/离网两种状态下的实时能量管理策略和锂电池储能系统经济运行模型;最后在该微电网实验系统主控单元中完成了对能量管理系统的调试,运行结果验证了所提能量管理策略的有效性和实用性。     

Review on combined wind power generation and energy storage systems

储能系统由于能够实现电能的时空平移,具有响应速度快,规模化等优点,是改善风电波动性,提高其并网能力的有效手段,构建风储联合发电系统成为目前研究重点.简单介绍了风电并网对电力系统的影响及不同类型电池储能技术的发展现状,给出了部分国内外风储联合发电系统的示范工程,并分析了平滑风电功率波动,跟踪计划出力曲线和削峰填谷3种主要运行方式,重点阐述了目前风储联合发电系统控制策略和储能容量配置研究现状,对进一步开展风储联合发电系统的研究进行了展望,指出经济性仍然是制约储能技术应用的关键问题之一,提高包含储能单元的风储联合发电系统的经济性是今后的研究重点.     

Computational environment to investigate wind integration into small autonomous systems

This paper presents briefly the methodologies and the respective computational tools for the investigation of the wind power exploitation in small autonomous power systems supplying the load demand of small islands. The proposed methodology examines the wind power penetration from both technical and economic point of view. It comprises tools for load forecasting and management, power system analysis and generation system simulation and planning.     

高风电渗透率下考虑需求侧管理策略的智能微电网调度方法

提出了一种高风电渗透率下考虑需求侧管理策略的智能微电网调度方法.首先,考虑经济、环境成本指标、清洁能源就地消纳量以及可中断负荷和可转移负荷策略,建立了多目标优化调度模型.然后,引入ε约束法生成Pareto前沿解集,利用归一化方法求出最优折衷解.最后,基于24节点配电系统对所提方法进行分析验证.算例结果表明:建立的多目标...     

Static compensator for maintaining voltage stability of wind farm integration to a distribution network

Electricity generation from wind has grown sharply and its growth potential is still significant. However, the decentralized nature of the wind opposes the historically centralized structure of national networks. Unlike conventional sources, wind does not provide reactive power, which is necessary to maintain acceptable voltage conditions on the network. The use of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) in distribution network to compensate for vagaries such as production related to wind energies and to control the voltage is an optimal solution.This paper is aimed at presenting a point of view on the wind power generation control issues. The main idea is to propose the use of a FACTS such as the STATCOM, which is a compensation device that is capable of generating and/or absorbing reactive power and in which the output can be varied to control the specific parameters of an electric power system and improve the quality of the energy provided, i.e., to regulate the desired power flows in a power network and to provide the best voltage profile in the system as well as to minimize the system transmission losses when inserting the wind generator in the electrical network.     

面向友好接入含氢能系统海上风电场台风期间的协同控制方法

目的  随着双碳目标的稳步推进,越来越多的分布式可再生能源接入电网。其中,在经济发达、沿海电力负荷大的地区大力开发海上风力发电已成为国内外学者广泛关注的热点。然而,风力发电固有的间歇性,特别是台风期间海上风电场与主网主动断开时,会对受端电网造成不利影响。 方法  为了实现台风期间海上风电友好接入,考虑到氢储能具有储存效率高、排放低和应用广泛等优点,文章提出了一种海上风电场与氢能管理系统（Hydrogen Management System,HMS）之间的协同控制方法,一方面,台风临近时期,可在正常运行下最大限度地利用风能发电;另一方面,台风过境,海上风电逐步脱网时氢能系统释放电能以缓解风电场的有功骤降,弥补传统发电机组启用存在爬坡率等问题,以减小其对受端电网的不利影响,有效平移海上风电输出的波动性。文章首先详细介绍了海上风电场与氢能系统的物理建模方法及控制模型,并说明了台风期间二者之间的协同控制策略。 结果  最后,通过仿真验证,所提方法可使海上风电场能够更灵活、更友好地满足台风期间的并网运行。此外,氢储能系统可在正常运行下最大限度地利用风能发电。 结论  在台风期间,可通过控制氢能系统释放电能以弥补传统发电机组启用存在爬坡率等问题,以减小其对受端电网的不利影响。     

Hour-ahead wind power and speed forecasting using simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm and neural network with fuzzy inputs

Wind energy is currently one of the types of renewable energy with a large generation capacity. However, since the operation of wind power generation is challenging due to its intermittent characteristics, forecasting wind power generation efficiently is essential for economic operation. This paper proposes a new method of wind power and speed forecasting using a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MFNN) to develop forecasting in time-scales that can vary from a few minutes to an hour. Inputs for the MFNN are modeled by fuzzy numbers because the measurement facilities provide maximum, average and minimum values. Then simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm is employed to train the MFNN. Real wind power generation and wind speed data measured at a wind farm are used for simulation. Comparative studies between the proposed method and traditional methods are shown.     

集团型风电企业综合联网监控管理系统的构建

以五大发电集团为代表的集团型风电企业已经成为我国风电投资开发的主体力量,如何管控好数量急剧增加的风电场成为企业安全生产中重要的课题。从风电场安全视频监控的角度,针对其普遍实行的三级责任主体的管控模式,提出了一种综合联网监控管理系统的构建方案。从需求分析、系统设计思路、系统的详细设计3个方面进行了阐述,其中专业网络视频管理系统是整个系统的核心,要求其具有容量大,承载能力强,可靠性好,扩展性、兼容性强的特点,且能容纳业已存在的若干风场的视频监控系统。文中提出的方案对集团型风电企业的综合联网监控管理系统的构建具有借鉴作用。     

System of choice

W 20 ieee power & energy magazine september/october 2008 Wide-area measurements have been an integral part of power system operations for over six decades. They have been used in economic dispatch and automatic generation control systems in electric utility control centers using real-time measurements of power flows on remote tie lines and generator output powers. In the late 1960s a new class of wide-area measurement systems came into use?supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA ) systems?in order to provide real-time state estimates of the power system in the electric utility energy management systems (EMS s). Over the years, the ?real time? in these SCADA -based measurements came to imply measurements performed over a data window of several seconds without regard to the precise instant when the measurements were made.     

利用需求侧资源降低配电网脆弱性的优化方法研究

基于需求侧用户资源能量转换和存储设备的可调特性,分析电网故障后需求侧资源对改善配电网的脆弱性的价值.为最大化挖掘需求侧分布式能源对电网负荷恢复的作用,构建考虑规划-运行的两阶段需求侧资源优化选择模型.该模型在充分考虑不同电网故障场景的基础上,以系统投资成本和失负荷运行成本之和最小化为目标,同时考虑用户用能、系统运行等约...     

Comparative study on the performance of control systems for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines operating with power regulation

As a result of the increasing wind power penetration on power systems, the wind farms are today required to participate actively in grid operation by an appropriate generation control. This paper presents a comparative study on the performance of three control strategies for DFIG wind turbines. The study focuses on the regulation of the active and reactive power to a set point ordered by the wind farm control system. Two of them (control systems 1 and 2) are based on existing strategies, whereas the third control system (control system 3) presents a novel control strategy, which is actually a variation of the control system 2. The control strategies are evaluated through simulations of DFIG wind turbines, under normal operating conditions, integrated in a wind farm with centralized control system controlling the wind farm generation at the connection point and computing the power reference for each wind turbine according to a proportional distribution of the available power. The three control systems present similar performance when they operate with power optimization and power limitation strategies. However, the control system 3 with down power regulation presents a better response with respect to the reactive power production, achieving a higher available reactive power as compared with the other two. This is a very important aspect to maintain an appropriate voltage control at the wind farm bus.     

西北电网风电调度运行管理研究

介绍了西北电网的风电场现状、规划容量及接入情况．阐述了大规模风电场接入对西北电网调频、调峰、稳定性及无功调节等各方面安全运行带来的影响,分析研究了大量风电场集中投运对发电计划编制、调度运行控制、电力市场交易模式、并网运行管理所提出的新要求,最后提出了加快750骨干网架建设、提高对风电的监控能力及调度技术支撑手段、探索电量交易模式及消纳机制、加强风电并网运行管理等解决方案和应对策略,确保西北风电与电网实现协调、有序的发展。     

Neural network based estimation of maximum power generation from PVmodule using environmental information

This paper presents an application of an artificial neural network for the estimation of maximum power generation from PV module. The output power from a PV module depends on environmental factors such as irradiation and cell temperature. For the operation planning of power systems, the prediction of the power generation is inevitable for PV systems. For this purpose, irradiation, temperature and wind velocity are utilized as the input information to the proposed neural network. The output is the predicted maximum power generation under the condition given by those environmental factors. The efficiency of the proposed estimation scheme is evaluated by using actual data on daily, monthly and yearly bases. The proposed method gives highly accurate predictions compared with predictions using the conventional multiple regression model     

风氢耦合系统能量管理策略研究

针对风力机出力的波动性和并网弃风问题,采用风力机/电解槽/燃料电池/超级电容的风氢耦合发电系统及其能量管理控制策略。针对风氢耦合发电系统的12种运行模式,提出一种能量管理控制策略,确保在各个控制单元的作用下,能量协调流动于各个子单元间。能量管理控制策略不仅使风氢耦合发电系统出力可控,而且平抑了直流母线电压波动,平滑了上网功率。通过Matlab/Simulink软件进行仿真研究,验证了风氢耦合发电系统的能量管理控制策略的有效性,提高了风电消纳能力。     

Sensor-less maximum power point tracking control for wind generation system with squirrel cage induction generator

This paper proposes a technique that determines the optimal windmill operation speed and the optimal rotor flux. Moreover, the position and speed sensor-less wind generation system using the electromotive voltage observer to estimate rotor position and full-order observer to estimate rotor speed and the windmill output torque are proposed. The position and speed sensor-less maximum power point of wind power generation system is controlled by using the above estimated values, optimized windmill operation speed for maximum output power and optimized rotor flux for minimum generator losses. The effectiveness of the position and speed sensor-less maximum power point tracking control for wind power generation system with squirrel cage induction generator is verified by simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method can estimate the operation speed efficiently.     

计及风电功率误差的短期风电消纳评估

风电功率的短时大幅变化会对电网的可靠性与经济性产生影响,为更加准确地量化评估电力系统在较短时间内的风电消纳状况,需要考虑风电功率预测的误差。为此,基于风电预测误差的分布与自相关函数,生成风电预测误差时间序列,通过模拟实际系统的发电计划制定、自动发电控制、弃风、切负荷,计算可靠性指标与经济性指标,以此评估短期风电消纳状况。在IEEE 30节点系统上进行了不同预测误差分布参数以及AGC机组占比的仿真,从而验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Stochastic security-constrained operation of wind and hydrogen energy storage systems integrated with price-based demand response

Because of highly increasing energy consumption, environmental issues and lack of common energy sources, the use of renewable energy sources especially wind power generation technology is increasing with significant growth in the world. But due to the variable nature of these sources, new challenges have been created in the balance between production and consumption of power system. The hydrogen energy storage (HES) system by storing excess wind power through the technology of power to hydrogen (P2H) and delivering it to the electricity network through hydrogen-based gas turbine at the required hours reduces not only wind alternation but can play an important role in balancing power production and consumption. On the other hand, power consumers by participating in demand response (DR) programs can reduce their consumption at peak load or wind power shortage hours, and increase their consumption at low-load or excess wind power hours to reduce wind power spillage and system energy cost. This paper proposes a stochastic security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) with wind energy considering coordinated operation of price-based DR and HES system. Price-based DR has been formulated as a price responsive shiftable demand bidding mechanism. The proposed model has been tested on modified 6-bus and 24-bus systems. The numerical results show the effect of simultaneous consideration of HES system and price-based DR integrated with wind energy on hourly generation scheduling of thermal units. As a result there is some reduction in wind generation power spillage and daily operation cost.     

含风电的多域互联电力系统负荷频率控制方法

为确保风机参与调整系统负荷频率,建立了三区域含风力发电的互联电力系统负荷频率控制模型;同时,为抑制整个系统内部参数的变化、风能波动及负荷扰动所造成的负荷频率波动,又设计出一个分散的滑模控制器并用于仿真分析,当整个系统在进入滑动模态后,对外界的参数变化具有时不变性。仿真结果表明,所设计的滑模控制器比传统的控制器响应更快、超调量小,有效抑制了负荷频率波动,且当考虑发电机变化率约束条件时,所设计的滑模控制器仍能有效控制系统稳定。     

基于模型预测控制的分布式光伏集群协调优化控制

分布式光伏发电的高密度接入给配电网原有的经济、稳定运行带来了不小的挑战。为了减少分布式光伏发电接入配电网造成的网络损耗,提高光伏发电的经济性,首先分析和归纳了分布式光伏集群的概念和特点;然后针对配电网内的分布式电源、柔性负荷、无功功率调节设备等装置在时间尺度、控制功能方面的调节特性,提出了一种含分布式光伏集群的协调优化调度方法。该方法以模型预测控制为基础,动态滚动协调光伏集群未来一段时间内的有功出力和无功出力,起到减小网络损耗和优化系统电压的作用。采用PG & E 69节点系统在MATLAB数学软件下进行建模仿真分析,结果证明了所提优化控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

Economic assessment of voltage and reactive power control provision by wind farms

The aim of this paper is to quantify the cost of the provision of voltage control by wind power generation. A methodology for evaluating the economic impact of providing different types of voltage control is proposed. This evaluation examines the increase in costs caused by the change in active power losses due to the provision of wind farms voltage control. These losses are computed for different controllers: (a) wind farms are operated at a fixed power factor, (b) wind farms provide proportional voltage control, and (c) wind farms provide reactive power to minimize power losses. Furthermore, these three possibilities are compared with the option of adding flexible alternating current transmission system devices, which are another alternative for supporting the grid by controlling voltage. The methodology outlined is applied to a real and representative Spanish wind harvesting network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.