连续变断面体挤压过程金属的变形特征

采用铅试料，用网格法实验观测连续变断面循环挤压法挤压时金属的流动特征。研究表明，正挤压时，金属在模腔中延伸变形成圆台体，受模具形状影响，变形程度从顶端向底端逐渐减小；圆台体镦粗时金属在高度方向从顶端至底端各层沿径向流动逐渐减小，依次连续变形成圆柱体。这种变形特点使试料在变形过程中逐渐渗透达到累积的效果，并且未出现圆柱体镦粗时的鼓形现象，也未出现因失稳导致的界面叠层。     

往复镦粗-挤压对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金变形均匀性及织构的影响

采用等温往复镦粗-挤压工艺对Mg-8.3Gd-3.2Y-0.4Zr合金在420℃进行了4道次变形。利用光学显微镜(OM)、电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)和X射线衍射仪研究了合金在4道次镦挤后不同区域的变形均匀性。结果表明:等温往复镦粗-挤压过程由于摩擦导致变形不均匀,试样内侧区域仍能发现粗大晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸约为20μm,外侧区域晶粒尺寸显著下降,约12μm。同时下侧区域因受到更大摩擦,晶粒细化较上侧更加明显。变形过程引发连续动态再结晶,是主要的晶粒细化机制;经变形后,试样内部织构强度明显高于外部,试样外部的织构被显著弱化。     

块体材料连续变断面循环挤压形状参数的优化

采用连续变断面循环挤压(Continuous Variable Cross-section Recycled Extrusion,CVCE)法对矩形截面的铸态铅块进行挤压和回复镦粗变形,研究了原始坯料高径比、挤压角度等形状参数对块体变形后的外部形状和内部金属流动规律的影响。结果表明:经CVCE工艺镦粗后的试样,由于金属的径向流动和侧面金属翻平的共同作用,导致上底面面积增大,这种变形自上而下依次渗透并逐层减少;坯料在竖直方向上受到挤压而产生的变形有传递的作用,自上而下,各层的压缩量逐渐减少。当挤压角度为6°、原始坯料高径比为1.83时,循环挤压回复到原始形状的效果最好,且制品表面质量更好,内部金属流动较为均匀。     

SIMA法预变形工艺参数对100Cr6钢晶粒细化的影响

采用轴向多道次镦粗拔长工艺,研究了SIMA法预变形工艺中的锻造比和镦拔道次对100Cr6钢晶粒细化的影响。试验结果表明:随着锻造比和镦拔道次的增加,晶粒的平均直径逐渐减少,晶粒的细化效果越好,在锻造比为2.00,镦拔道次为3次时,试样心部晶粒的平均直径从274.1μm减小到25.0μm,减小了90.9%,试样边部晶粒的平均直径从293.4μm减小到23.1μm,减小了92.1%。;试样边部晶粒的细化效果优于心部晶粒,镦拔道次对试样晶粒的细化效果强于锻造比。研究结果表明,轴向多道次镦粗拔长预变形工艺对晶粒的细化效果显著,镦拔后可以获得晶粒细小的非枝晶坯料,且工艺简单,操作安全,是优良的预变形晶粒细化工艺。     

变形温度对TA15合金组织的影响

研究了镦粗变形温度对TA15合金显微组织的影响.当镦粗比为2时,β区变形的镦粗试样为片状组织,在剧烈变形区和自由变形区,1080℃变形时β晶粒的动态再结晶程度比1030℃高,再结晶后的β晶粒尺寸为50-700 μm;α+β变形镦粗试样的显微组织为过渡型组织,由于变形在断面上分布的差异,难变形区和剧烈变形区及自由变形区组织差别较大.     

试样高宽比对反复镦压影响的数值模拟与实验研究

反复镦压可以在不改变试样形状和尺寸的情况下获得大变形。高宽比是影响反复镦压工艺的重要参数之一。本文采用有限元与实验验证相结合的方法研究了高宽比对纯铜试样镦压变形过程、微观组织及性能的影响。结果表明,镦压后的等效应变分布不均匀,高宽比越大,单道次镦压平均等效应变和等效应力都越高。1道次镦压后,晶粒被压扁,随高宽比增大,晶粒被压扁的程度越严重。3道次变形后形成了大量变形带,试样高宽比越大,变形带越窄。12道次镦压后,高宽比为2的试样晶粒更等轴、细小。镦压后纯铜的硬度明显提高,高宽比为2的试样镦压后硬度值更高。     

降温往复镦粗-挤压变形对Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金晶粒细化及织构变化的研究（英文）

在480℃降温至370℃条件下,采用循环镦-挤工艺对均匀化后的Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金进行变形,对循环镦-挤变形过程中的合金微观组织和织构变化进行研究。结果表明,随着循环镦-挤变形道次的增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。在变形6道次后,累积应变达到8.4,得到了平均晶粒尺寸为3.4μm的细小均匀的微观组织。晶粒细化是由非连续动态再结晶和连续动态再结晶复杂共同作用引起的。另外,变形过程中,原始粗大晶粒内的片层状长程有序相(LPSO)发生扭折变形产生扭折带,并在扭折带上发生动态再结晶,分割原始粗晶,起到晶粒细化作用。结果还表明,1道次镦-挤变形后,合金产生强的基面织构,随着变形道次的增加,织构强度有所减弱。织构弱化的原因是动态再结晶和加载力在轴向和径向交替变化共同作用。     

基于LabVIEW的螺旋压力机打击力测量系统

基于LabVIEW的测力装置能够有效地测量大吨位压力机的打击力数据,并可以实时显示、测量、存储打击力,具有较强的实用性。利用圆环试样镦粗变形方法进行标定,可以克服摩擦系数对打击力标定的不利影响。利用有限元模拟圆环试样镦粗变形方法对打击力进行标定。结果显示,有限元模拟方法比用圆柱体和主应力法的标定精确度更高,采用低碳钢圆环标定试样也比用紫铜圆柱体试样更经济。     

降温往复镦粗-挤压变形对Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金晶粒细化及织构变化的研究

本文在480°C降温至370°C条件下,采用循环镦?挤工艺对均匀化后的Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金进行变形,对循环镦?挤变形过程中的合金微观组织和织构变化进行研究。结果表明,随着循环镦?挤变形道次的增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。在变形6道次后,累积应变达到 8.4,得到了平均晶粒尺寸为 3.4 μm 的细小均匀的微观组织。晶粒细化是由非连续动态再结晶和连续动态再结晶复杂共同作用引起的。另外,变形过程中,原始粗大晶粒内的片层状长程有序相(LPSO)发生扭折变形产生扭折带,并在扭着带处引起动态再结晶产生,分割原始粗晶,起到晶粒细化作用。结果还表明,一道次镦?挤变形后,合金产生强的基面织构,随着变形道次的增加,织构强度有所减弱。织构弱化的原因是动态再结晶和加载力在轴向和径向交替变化共同作用。     

循环镦-挤制备AZ61镁合金的显微组织与力学性能（英文）

在温度为285~380°C的条件下,采用循环镦-挤工艺成功获得AZ61镁合金的累积大塑性变形,并对铸态和循环镦-挤变形后合金的组织特征和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,在285°C的条件下,循环镦-挤变形3道次后,材料获得的累积应变为4.28,并得到了平均晶粒尺寸为3.5μm的细小均匀的微观组织。晶粒细化的主要原因是局部应变引起的动态再结晶。结果还表明,显微组织演变受温度和累积变形程度的影响。晶粒细化使循环镦-挤变形的AZ61镁合金的力学性能得到明显的改善。此外,通过室温拉伸试验揭示了循环镦-挤工艺参数与力学性能之间的关系。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。