3Cr抗CO2和H2S腐蚀系列油套管开发

CO2、H2S腐蚀是石油天然气开采过程中的主要腐蚀问题。文章在分析油井管CO2腐蚀行为和腐蚀特点的基础上，介绍了抗CO2、H2S腐蚀油套管的研制过程并开发出腐蚀性能良好的3Cr系列经济型油套管。文章重点介绍了80、95、110等不同钢级成品管的力学性能，抗CO2、H2S应力腐蚀开裂性能。运用SEM扫描电境、X光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射、体视显微镜等分析了钢经腐蚀后的表面腐蚀产物的组成、结构，并对Cr元素改善钢的抗CO2腐蚀行为及机理进行了分析。     

模拟CCS工程CO2腐蚀环境的选材试验研究

针对鄂尔多斯CCS工程地质封存环境,采用高压釜模拟试验对新开发的M13Cr材质及常用抗CO2腐蚀材质进行对比选材,结果表明：M13Cr材质在高温、高Cl-浓度、高CO2浓度腐蚀环境下,腐蚀产物膜致密,抗CO2腐蚀能力强,符合CCS工程地质封存区腐蚀环境用管材的要求.     

经济型抗CO2腐蚀专用油井管用钢成分设计分析

文章通过对油井管CO2腐蚀机理及影响因素进行分析,以各种化学元素在低Cr油井管用钢中的作用为基础,提出经济型抗CO2腐蚀专用油井管用钢成分设计思路,希望对抗CO2腐蚀专用油井管的开发有所助益。     

模拟CCS工程CO_2腐蚀环境的选材试验研究

针对鄂尔多斯CCS工程地质封存环境,对新开发的M13Cr材质及常用的抗CO2腐蚀材质,采用高压釜模拟试验进行对比选材。结果表明,M13Cr材质在高温、高Cl-浓度、高CO_2浓度腐蚀环境下,腐蚀产物膜致密,抗CO_2腐蚀能力强,符合CCS工程地质封存区腐蚀环境用管材要求。     

经济型抗CO2腐蚀油套管用低合金钢的研究

在油套管CO2腐蚀失效分析基础上,研究了不同成分和组织钢在模拟不同油田采出液介质中的抗CO2腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为.针对油田特定的腐蚀环境,优选出抗CO2、Cl-腐蚀性能良好的经济型低合金钢种.     

低铬抗硫套管的H_2S/CO_2腐蚀行为研究

通过高温高压及H2S应力腐蚀开裂(SSC)实验,采用SEM、EDS、XRD和TEM技术,研究3Cr110S在模拟环境中的H2S/CO2腐蚀行为。结果表明:在模拟H2S/CO2高温高压腐蚀环境中,H2S腐蚀占主导作用,3Cr110S的均匀腐蚀速率为0.1272 mm/a,局部腐蚀轻微,试样表面腐蚀产物为FeS;在施加应力为72%、80%的最低屈服强度时,3Cr110S试样均未发生应力腐蚀开裂,具有良好的抗SSC性能;3Cr110S回火索氏体组织的条束之间位相差大,铬元素在晶界及晶内以粒状碳化物析出、位错纠结、弥散分布碳化物的位错定扎对SSC裂纹扩展起着良好的阻碍作用。     

温度对13Cr不锈钢在高 CO2 分压环境中腐蚀行为的影响

通过高温高压电化学测试,获得不同实验温度下13Cr不锈钢的循环伏安曲线、交流阻抗谱和Mott-Schottky曲线,结合ZSIMPWIN软件和扫描电子显微镜分析,研究高温高CO2分压环境下,温度对13Cr不锈钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响.在高温高CO2分压环境下,随温度升高,13Cr不锈钢发生腐蚀的倾向增加,表面钝化膜稳定性下降,点蚀敏感度增加.     

新型2Cr1Mo2Ni钢在含二氧化碳油田采出液中的腐蚀行为

为弄清Mo和Ni元素在低Cr钢耐蚀方面所起的作用,炼制了新型2Cr1Mo2Ni钢,研究其在模拟油田采出液中的腐蚀行为,实验条件为80℃,0.8 MPa CO₂分压.利用扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了2Cr1Mo2Ni钢和3Cr钢的腐蚀产物膜微观形貌和成分,测试了高温高压极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,分析了腐蚀产物膜的生长过程.实验结果表明,Mo和Ni元素在提高抗CO₂腐蚀性能方面的作用不及Cr元素.2Cr1Mo2Ni钢腐蚀164 h后,中低频感抗弧消失,腐蚀产物膜开始完全覆盖基体表面;腐蚀240 h后,生成的腐蚀产物膜具有较好的保护性.      

合金元素对2Cr13马氏体不锈钢组织及性能的影响

Ni,Mo,V均是影响13Cr型马氏体不锈钢性能的主要元素.研究了在普通2Cr13基础上添加不同含量的Ni,Mo以及微量V对其力学性能、耐腐蚀性能的影响.研究表明:单独添加Ni或Mo元素均未能明显改善2Cr13型马氏体不锈钢的综合力学性能,但同时添加适量的Ni,Mo等合金元素能明显提高材料的力学及耐CO2腐蚀性能.     

超级13Cr在H2S和CO2共存环境下的腐蚀行为影响研究

对CO2和H2S共存环境中95 ksi钢级超级13Cr钢的腐蚀行为进行了研究,发现常温条件下H2S和CO2共存环境中,无论是采用恒载荷的方法还是四点弯曲的方法,都在试样的表面出现了局部腐蚀,而在高温条件下未发生点蚀和应力腐蚀现象。分析结果表明,95 ksi钢级的超级马氏体不锈钢在常温H2S和CO2共存环境中出现的局部腐蚀主要是因为夹杂物在应力集中和酸性溶液的作用下形成点蚀,并沿着相同应力水平的区域扩展,局部腐蚀增加了应力腐蚀开裂的敏感性。     

Investigation of corrosion processes in aluminum production and development of new methods of protection of metals

In electrolytic aluminum production, anode rods, industrial tools, and gas purification equipment corrode intensely. A high corrosion rate of the tools and equipment in cryolite-alumina melts is found. To decrease the corrosion destruction of operating equipment and anode rods made from ferrous metals, it is suggested to deposit composite chromium coatings. Purification of electrolytic gases from sulfur dioxide is possible by the acidic scheme with obtainment of sulfurous acid. However, this is accompanied by intense corrosion of equipment made from ferrous metals. The possibility of applying corrosion inhibitors, specifically oxazolidines, for protection of gas purification equipment made from steel CT3 that exists in aluminum plants is considered.     

稀土和铬对铁基自熔合金涂层耐蚀性的影响

本研究着眼于考察稀土和合金成分对铁基自熔合金涂层的耐蚀性的影响,对不同成分的合金涂层进行了三酸一盐的浸蚀试验。结果表明在硫酸和硝酸溶液中,稀土的添加对合金涂层的耐蚀性有利,但在盐酸和氯化钠溶液中,稀土的添加对合金涂层耐蚀性无益。铬含量高的铁基自熔合金涂层在硝酸溶液中有优良的耐蚀性,但在硫酸和盐酸中的耐蚀性不如铬含量低的铁基自熔合金涂层。文中分析了不同合金在试验中的不同表现的原因,进而为铁基自熔合金的进一步工业应用提供有用的信息。     

高强度微合金钢加速腐蚀产物的分析与研究

通过腐蚀试验,研究了加铬和不加铬两种低碳微合金钢的耐腐蚀性能差异,试验表明：钢中加铬抑制了内锈层中的α-FeOOH生成,导致锈层含有大量的β-FeOOH。含铬钢内锈层中的β-FeOOH水分含量明显大于不含铬钢,使其内锈层稳定性差、疏松,耐蚀性明显低于不含铬的低合金钢。     

Corrosion and wear resistance of chrome white irons—A correlation to their composition and microstructure

The corrosion and wear resistances of a series of cast chromium white irons (CWIs) were evaluated using electrochemical and low stress sliding abrasion tests. The results show clearly that corrosion resistance of these materials is largely dependent on the quantity of chromium in the matrix, while wear resistance is mainly controlled by the volume fraction of chromium carbides. Based on theoretical analysis, a wear/corrosion performance map is established to identify alloy compositions that may be suited for erosion/corrosion conditions.     

Corrosion of High Chromium and Conventional Steels Embedded in Concrete

Corrosion rates of high chromium and conventional steel rebars were measured and compared by conducting two studies. One was on concrete blocks and the other was on bare steel rebars. In the former study, concrete blocks that had been made with two different steel rebars were placed in sodium chloride solutions, and air was blown through the solutions to accelerate corrosion of the embedded steel rebars. These blocks were taken out of the solution periodically, and the corrosion rates of the rebars were measured with a 3LP device. In the latter study, the bare rebars of the two steels were also corroded in sodium chloride solutions through which air was blown, withdrawn periodically, dried, and weighed after the corrosion products were removed. The corrosion rates were measured by the reduction of the weight of the rebars. In the study on concrete blocks, it was found that the corrosion rate increases for both steels as the concentration of sodium chloride in solution increases. It was also found that the corrosion rate of concrete blocks reinforced with conventional steel was about twice as much as that of the concrete blocks reinforced with high chromium steel after 132 days of exposure. From the study on bare steel rebars, it was found that the rate of corrosion of conventional steel was 12 times as much as that of high chromium steel at 0.1% sodium chloride, and the ratio decreased to 2 times as much when the sodium chloride concentration was increased to 3%. It was also found that the corrosion rate of high chromium steel was very sensitive to sodium chloride concentrations whereas that of conventional steel was not sensitive. The corrosion products were analyzed using x-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy to identify the minerals present in them. It was found that corrosion products produced on the high chromium steel were predominantly lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) and hematite (Fe2O3), whereas that on the surface of conventional steel was predominantly magnetite (Fe3O4). It appears that the former iron oxides form an adherent and nonporous protective layer while the latter iron oxides (magnetite) do not, which can explain the distinct difference in corrosion rates of the two steel rebars.     

Relationship between magnetic properties,sensitization, and corrosion of incoloy alloy 800 and inconel alloy 600

Sensitization processes in two high Ni-Cr-Fe alloys are studied with the Huey and accelerated Strauss tests, magnetic permeability measurements and scanning electron microscopy. There is good agreement between the corrosion tests for Incoloy* Alloy 800 but not for Inconel* Alloy 600. High Huey corrosion rates are associated with large magnetic permeabilities which result from chromium depletion near the grain boundaries. The relative contribution of the chromium depleted region and of electrochemical effects to the Huey corrosion rate could not be determined because the formation and disappearance of the chromium depleted zone and of the continuous grain boundary carbides occur concurrently.     

镀锡板的电化学剥离及其耐蚀性研究

镀锡板是指两面镀有一层极薄金属锡的冷轧薄钢板,它将钢的硬度和强度与锡的抗腐蚀性和光亮的外表集于一体。实验用电化学法将镀锡板的钝化膜、纯锡层、合金层逐层剥离,通过阴极极化曲线、交流阻抗等电化学技术研究其电化学性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察剥离后各层的表面形貌,用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对镀锡板铬酸盐钝化膜中铬元素的价态进行了分析。结果表明,电化学法剥离的效果十分理想,可以用于镀锡板表面不同层的形貌观察,同时还可以用于镀锡板的耐蚀机理研究。除掉钝化膜后,腐蚀电流密度从1.48 μA/cm²增大到3.5 μA/cm²,除掉纯锡层后,腐蚀电流密度从3.5 μA/cm²增大到18 μA/cm²,镀锡板良好的耐腐蚀性主要来源于纯锡层和钝化膜的作用。镀锡板铬酸盐钝化膜中铬元素主要以氢氧化铬、金属铬和三氧化二铬等形态存在。     

硼含量对Ni-Cr-Mo合金热腐蚀性能的影响

采用真空液相烧结法制备了4种掺加不同B含量的Ni-Cr-Mo合金,研究了B对其组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明,B与Mo、Cr、Ni等合金元素在烧结时可以形成共晶液相,通过原位化学反应,生成Mo2NiB2、(Mo,Cr)2NiB2陶瓷相。热腐蚀性试验表明,形成的硼化物相具有较好的耐腐蚀性,能够有效提高Ni-Cr-Mo合金的耐热腐蚀性能。     

Effect of microstructure on corrosion behavior of low carbon high chrome steel

The two types of microstructure of low carbon and high chromium steel (5Cr) were obtained through the test smelting, rolling and quenching after rolling.Corrosion performance of 5 mass%Cr steel and Q235 steel were researched by means of cyclic wetting and drying corrosion test in 2 mass% NaCl solution.Corrosion behavior and corrosion rust layers were analyzed by OM, SEM, EDS, XRD, cyclic wetting and drying corrosion tester and electrochemical testing. The results show that after the specimens were immersed and etched in 2 mass% NaCl solution for 72h, the different microstructures of 5Cr steel have great influence on the resistance to chloride ion corrosion. B+F+M microstructure of 5Cr steel shows lower corrosion rate than Q235 steel, 5Cr steel with martensite microstructure also shows lower corrosion rate than Q235 steel. Corrosion susceptibility of 5Cr steel with martensite structure is weaker than complex organization.The stratification of chromium oxide, oxyhydroxide, and iron oxide exists in the chromium- containing steel rust layer, in which the Cr enrichment maximum value is 17 mass%, and the lowest is 1 mass%.Lath martensite formed by quenching process makes the corrosion potential rise, ??- FeOOH and ??- FeOOH form. Bainite+ferrite phase and adverse phenomenon of Cr steel may cause the poor corrosion resistance.