大型复杂薄壁铝合金空心型材挤压成形工艺

目的 解决大型复杂薄壁铝合金空心型材挤压过程中材料流速均匀性控制难,以及模具局部应力集中导致模具寿命低、挤压型材尺寸稳定性差的问题。方法 采用有限元模拟方法对此类典型型材挤压过程进行仿真分析,根据仿真结果中型材出口材料流速分布情况,通过调控不同部位材料流入量及材料流动阻力,并以型材出口流速差和流速均方差（SDV）作为衡量挤压过程中材料流速均匀性的指标,逐步迭代优化模具结构以提高材料流动均匀性;根据仿真结果中挤压模具应力分布情况,以模具最高应力作为衡量模具强度的指标,逐步迭代优化模具结构以减小模具应力。结果 通过迭代仿真依次优化模具工作带长度、分流孔尺寸、阻流块高度等参数,最终型材出口流速差由25.07 mm/s降至2.72 mm/s,流速均方差由9.84 mm/s降至0.72 mm/s;通过迭代仿真优化焊合角度,最终模具最高应力由945 MPa降至863 MPa。采用基于有限元仿真优化结构的挤压模具成功制备了合格的铝合金型材样件,挤压试验结果与数值模拟结果吻合。结论 通过优化模具工作带长度、分流孔尺寸及阻流块高度,调控不同部位材料流入量及材料流动阻力,能够有效解决大型复杂薄壁铝合金空心...     

连续挤压铜扁排的阻流角设计及物理场分布

基于Deform-3D平台,建立了Conform连续挤压生产大宽厚比铜扁排有限元模型,研究了连续挤压过程中阻流角变化对模具出口处金属流动及相应应力场分布的影响规律,并结合方差分析法获得了模具出口处的流速均方差,观察模具阻流角对扁排成型的影响.研究表明:模具阻流角从3°~15°变化时,随着阻流角的增加,金属流速均方差先增大后减小,其阻流角区域等效应力值以及模具入口处沿挤压方向应力也逐渐增加;在定径带长度一定以及模具载荷允许的情况下,选择3°、5°、15°的阻流角可使模具出口处金属流速相对稳定,扁排成形性较好;当模具容易损坏时,选择3°和5°阻流角既可降低模具载荷又可获得板形均匀的扁排.     

三孔双芯模挤压方管型材的金属流动行为分析

为了分析双芯模挤压铝型材时造成的流动不均匀以及模具结构对该类型材焊合质量的影响,采用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件,对三孔双芯模挤压6005A铝合金方管型材的金属流动行为进行了分析.模拟结果表明,分流孔面积分布不均易造成方管型材镰刀弯缺陷,当中间分流孔与一侧分流孔的面积比值为0.93～1.03时,型材出口流速均匀、焊缝居中.焊合室高度为13～16mm时焊合良好、成形质量好.挤压力在坯料与焊合室底面碰触后急速上升,在突破模孔时达到最高值.型材出口温度受分流孔面积和焊合室高度影响较小,当坯料温度为480℃时,型材出口温度为546～548℃.在650吨卧式挤压机上进行了挤压实验,实验结果与仿真结果吻合.     

导流角对挤压变形流动的影响机理分析

针对平模挤压时常因金属流速不均匀而易产生缺陷,本文采用了带导流角结构的芯模进行挤压研究.通过数值模拟和实验,深入分析了挤压过程中金属变形流动行为的机理,结果表明:带导流角芯模挤压时筒底不出现分流的现象,"死区"显著地缩小;处于塑性区内材料的应变类型由三种变为均一的拉伸类,显著地提高了金属变形流动的均匀性,利于金属的挤出成形及制品质量的提高.     

铝型材精密挤压工艺控制和模具设计分析

铝型材作为航天领域综合性能最佳的结构材料,已广泛应用于各类航天器,其中挤压铝型材产量占据总产量的30%左右。为获得合格挤压铝型材,需要严格控制挤压工艺以及合理设计挤压模具,挤压工艺包括材料化学成分、铸锭加热工艺、挤压速度等;挤压模具设计包括模具材料选取和模具结构设计等。从控制挤压工艺以及合理设计挤压模具两方面出发,对挤压铝型材成形关键要素进行简要分析。     

Mg-3Zn-1Zr合金细径管材的挤压模具设计

基于Mg-3Zn-1Zr合金本构方程运用Defrom-3D软件对多种Mg-3Zn-1Zr合金细径管材的挤压模具参数的配合进行了有限元模拟分析。结果表明:挤压模入口圆角半径一定时,挤压模模角越大,挤压杆的载荷越小,挤压模圆锥段发生紊流现象越严重,挤压死区越大。挤压模入口圆角处的磨损最为严重,当挤压模模角为120°,挤压模入口圆角半径为2 mm时,模具磨损最小,挤压载荷和模具应力也较小。工作带长度超过4 mm时,随着工作带长度的增加,模具磨损深度显著增大,管材与模具易产生黏结,进而产生缺陷和变形不均匀。采用模拟优化的模具挤压出的Mg-3Zn-1Zr合金细径管材表面质量良好、尺寸精度高,说明基于Deform-3D有限元分析能够为实际模具设计与镁合金型材的生产提供可靠参考。     

扁形钛铜复合棒挤压模具设计与应用

对长宽比较大的扁形截面钛铜复合棒的挤压模具进行了设计研究。通过合理选材,并选择使挤压力最小的模具模腔轮廓曲线和半模角,改变模孔工作带的几何形状与尺寸,选择适当的挤压速度等,优化设计制备出扁形钛铜复合棒专用挤压模具。增加工作带长度可以增大摩擦阻力,使向该处流动的供应体的流动静压力增大,迫使金属向阻力小的方向流动,从而使型材整个断面上金属流量更加均匀。挤压实验结果表明,合理的模具设计对挤压材的挤压过程和挤压制品质量有重要影响,锥形模具更适合于扁形钛铜复合棒的挤压。解决了科研生产实际对大的长宽比扁型钛铜复合棒的需求。     

Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr稀土镁合金无缝管材正反挤压过程模拟

目的 研究稀土镁合金无缝管材制备过程,开展模具结构优化和正反挤压过程的有限元研究,为稀土镁合金的无缝管材制备提供技术基础。方法 通过对稀土镁合金无缝管材正反挤压过程进行数值模拟,分析了在正反挤压过程中,反挤压凸模圆角、正挤压挤压角及挤压工艺参数对应变场的影响规律,以降低工艺参数对模具寿命的影响,提高产品成形质量。结果 在无缝管材挤压成形过程中,当凸模圆角半径为10 mm,挤压角为30°时,应变分布更为均匀,所需挤压力最低。随着挤压温度的升高,应变分布越来越均匀,所需挤压力下降,适宜的挤压温度为400 ℃。结论 合理的凸模圆角半径和挤压角可以改善挤压流场、应变分布及降低挤压力。挤压温度对流场影响较小,挤压力随着摩擦因数增加而增加。     

国内期刊纵览

９９０５００１铝型材挤压模成形工作带的表面强化——傅建．模具工业,１９９９（２）∶４７利用化学沉积Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀层的方法,对铝型材挤压模具的成形工作带进行了强化。实验室和现场装机试验结果表明,镀层与基体的结合强度以及镀层的硬度在长时间高温高压等复杂载...     

7×××系空心铝型材挤压横向焊缝的研究

目前高速列车的承载结构主要采用7×××系铝合金挤压型材。在铝型材连续挤压生产过程中,2根相邻挤压坯料间的界面会在型材内部形成横向焊缝,而横向焊缝将导致型材性能下降,需要对包含横向焊缝区域的型材进行切除,显著降低了产品的成品率。由于7×××系铝合金硬度较高,材料流动性能较差,所以型材中横向焊缝的延伸长度会大大增加,特别是空心型材中横向焊缝延伸长度增加更为明显,严重影响了产品成品率,因此,开展对7×××系空心铝型材挤压横向焊缝的相关研究具有非常重要的工程意义。回顾了国内外挤压横向焊缝的研究现状,指出了目前该方面研究尚存在的问题,并提出了今后的发展方向。针对7×××系空心铝型材挤压横向焊缝研究中存在的问题,系统研究了空心铝型材横向焊缝的宏观形貌、微观组织等,揭示了挤压工艺参数和模具结构参数对横向焊缝延伸长度的影响规律。结果表明,适当减小挤压比以及增大挤压速度可以有效减小横向焊缝延伸长度,但挤压温度对横向焊缝长度的影响并不明显。     

Effect of extrusion stem speed on extrusion process for a hollow aluminum profile

Extrusion stem speed is one of important process parameters during aluminum profile extrusion, which directly influences the profile quality and choice of extrusion equipments. In this paper, the extrusion process of a thin-walled hollow aluminum profile was simulated by means of the HyperXtrude commercial software. Through a serial of numerical simulation, the effects of stem speed on extrusion process, such as metal flow behavior at die exit, temperature distribution, extrusion force, and welding pressure, have been investigated. The numerical results showed that there existed an optimum value of stem speed for flow velocity distribution. With the increasing stem speed, the temperature of the extrudate and required extrusion force increased, and the welding quality of extrudate would be improved. Through comprehensive comparison and analysis, the appropriate stem speed could be determined for practical extrusion production. Thus, the research results could give effective guideline for determining initial billet and die temperature and choosing the proper extrusion press in aluminum profile industry.     

Numerical investigation of an arc inlet structure extrusion die for large hollow sections

This paper aims to improve the working life of extrusion dies by optimal structure design, which plays an important role in mass production. First, an arc-shaped inlet die structure for an aluminum large-hollow-section profile was developed. Second, a three-dimensional finite-element model of the porthole extrusion process was established using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. Third, the comparison of the formability was analyzed and discussed, including the diversity of extrusion forces and uniformity properties between the proposed design and two traditional design schemes using the same extrusion process. A group of square-profile extrusion dies was used to set up a L16_4_3 orthogonal experimental scheme, considering the side length of profiles, L, with four levels, 110, 100, 90, and 80 mm; inlet angles, α, of the porthole bridge of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°; and profile wall thicknesses, t, of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mm. The results of the orthogonal tests were similar to those of the actual production die model. Two different analysis models reached the same conclusion: the inlet angle or the arc inlet structure has a small effect on the metal flow and the forming distribution, but the arc inlet structure can alleviate the stress load of the dies. The die testing and production validation results indicate that the novel structural design of the arc inlet die will have a long working life.     

VARIATION OF PRESSURE WITH RAM SPEED AND DIE PROFILE IN HOT EXTRUSION OF ALUMINUM-6063

Prediction of extrusion pressure, especially in the case of complex die geometries, is an area of continued research interest. Die complexity, usually defined by “shape factor” (the ratio of the perimeter to the cross-sectional area of the profile), critically affects the flow of metal and the pressure required to extrude a given product. Applied strain rate (related directly to the ram speed of the extrusion press) also alters the product quality significantly. The current paper presents results of an ongoing study about effects of ram speed and die profile on extrusion pressure. Experiments were conducted using dies of different complexity to track the effects of ram speed variation and changing die profiles on extrusion pressure. Al-6063, the most popular commercial variety of structural aluminum, was used as the billet material for all experiments.     

Predicting the variation of the exit temperature with the initial billet temperature during extrusion to produce an AZ31 profile

The extrusion process to produce a cross-shaped profile of a wrought magnesium alloy AZ31 was simulated to predict the exit temperature as a function of the initial billet temperature. Three-dimensional FE simulation revealed the evolutions of temperature and extrusion pressure during the process. The initial billet temperature was found to have a stronger influence on the breakthrough pressure than ram speed. It also played an important role in determining the exit temperature and the temperature rise during the process, especially when ram speed was high. At a given ram speed, the relationship between the temperature rise and the initial billet temperature was found to be linear. Such a relationship could be used as guidelines to optimize the extrusion process and to maximize its throughput.     

Effect of Temperature and Ram Speed on Isothermal Extrusion for Large-size Tube with Piece-wing

Heat energy change during the extrusion of 7075 aluminium alloy large-size tube with piece-wing in a container was analyzed. Extrusion load vs ram displacement diagrams and exit temperature vs ram displacement diagrams at various speeds were obtained by 3D FEM simulation. Results show that the exit temperature becomes higher as the ram speed and displacement increase. For large-size tube with piece-wing, there is certainly a curve of ram speed decreasing with increasing ram displacement, which enables isothermal extrusion to be achieved. Therefore, an attempt was made to divide the working stroke into five different zones. Each of them has a preset speed that decreases from the ram displacement beginning to the ending. And then, new exit temperature vs ram displacement diagram was obtained by 3D FEM simulation for the five different speeds. It is shown that the variation of exit temperature is very small. Through the above research, a basic method for realizing isothermal extrusion of 7075 large-size tube with piece-wing was obtained, that is, the working stroke was divided into several different zones with a decreasing speed during extrusion, each zones' speed was real-time adjusted on the feedback signal of exit temperature by proportional hydraulic valve through closed-loop control. The engineering experiment verification was carried out on 100 MN aluminium extrusion press with oil-driven double action. The experimental results of the exit temperature agrees with the simulation ones. The achievements of this study may serve as a significant guide to the practice of the relevant processes, particularly for isothermal extrusion. The verified method has been used in the design and manufacture of 125 MN aluminium extrusion press with oil-driven double action.     

大尺寸薄壁LF6铝合金筒体旋压成形技术

目的研究大尺寸薄壁LF6铝合金流动旋压成形工艺的可行性。方法采用锻件毛坯反向流动旋压技术,通过设计高精度的旋压模具,将模具与旋压机床采用法兰结构形式固定,模具与产品采用固定卡槽形式固定。旋压过程分三道次进行,以控制每道次减薄率,同时每道次采用不同的进给速度和旋压转速;三道次减薄率分别采用24.3%,32.2%,28.6%,进给速度分别采用1.4,1.2,1 mm/r,旋压转速分别采用200,200,100 r/min。结果实现了锻件壁厚由8.2 mm分别减薄到6.2,4.2,3 mm,锻件长度由650 mm增长到840,1250,1800 mm,同时旋压产品的圆度达到了0.2 mm,整个长度方向壁厚公差为±0.07 mm,母线方向直线度为0.2mm。结论采用流动旋压技术实现了大尺寸薄壁LF6铝合金筒体的加工,解决了大尺寸薄壁LF6铝合金筒体成形的技术难题,同时生产的产品已在型号上得到了应用。     

基于 DEFORM-3D 的压料油缸闭塞成形工艺可行性研究

目的研究剪板机压料油缸缸体闭塞热精锻成形工艺的可行性。方法制定闭塞热精锻成形工艺,运用DEFORM-3D软件对缸体单元成形过程进行有限元模拟分析,得到了金属流动规律、金属流线、挤压力载荷、合模力载荷随挤压行程变化的结果。结果模拟结果表明,锻件金属流线分布合理,无明显交叉、断裂情况,整个过程中挤压力与合模力载荷也维持在一个较低水平。对合模力大小进行了计算,计算结果与模拟的误差为8.4%,最后结合工艺进行了工业性试制。结论成形后的锻件无飞边,尺寸精度高,力学性能良好,无明显缺陷。