6-甲氧基鸟嘌呤荧光光度法测定熏肉中亚硝酸根离子

样品经沉淀蛋白质,除去脂肪后在酸性介质中与6-甲氧基鸟嘌呤发生重氮化反应,反应产物在沸水浴中水解,氨基被羟基取代,产生弱荧光的2-羟基-6-甲氧基嘌呤.此反应导致荧光强度降低,建立了荧光猝灭法测定亚硝酸根离子的新方法.亚硝酸根离子的检出限为6.9×10-3μg·L-3,线性范围为0.01～0.8μg·L-3,测定回收率...     

基于颗粒流交互理论的水泥净浆流变分布算法

为缩短回转黏度仪中水泥净浆流场的仿真运算时间,提出一种基于理论流体力学的迭代算法. 根据流场中心对称的性质,对流场进行径向分层;在层内流体连续、均匀的假设下,构建迭代算法,在层内运用雷诺-里符林公式计算每层的剪切速率,并通过颗粒流交互（PFI）理论进一步计算流场中水泥净浆的流变特性参数. 迭代算法的仿真结果与有限差分方法仿真结果的平均误差为0.89%,与试验结果的平均误差为4.23%;迭代算法的仿真用时仅为2.55 s,与有限差分法（仿真用时为5 d）相比,运算效率大大提高. 所提算法可用于回转黏度仪中水泥净浆流场的高效仿真,且可用于水泥净浆PFI参数的快速标定.     

养护制度对粉煤灰复合水泥浆体干燥收缩及孔径分布的影响

将水泥试件在水中养护6天和13天后放入干燥养护箱中,测定其质量损失和干燥收缩。采用氮吸附方法测定不同龄期时的孔径分布。结果表明:粉煤灰复合水泥浆体,干燥收缩早期变化较为明显,随着龄期延长,变化逐渐变缓;水养时间延长,干燥收缩减小;不同水养时间养护后,粉煤灰复合水泥浆体4-40nm孔径体积含量减小,相应干燥收缩减小。     

Local porosity distribution of cement paste characterized by X-ray micro-tomography

Porosity is one of the most important parameters for cement-based materials,which influences the mechanical property,transport property,and durability.The spatial and frequency distributions of local porosity of cement pastes are characterized using X-ray micro-tomography data and treating methods.The 3D spatial distributions for three cement paste specimens with different water cement(w/c)ratios show reasonable heterogeneity.The probability analysis also reveals this heterogeneity:the representative volume element(RVE)size based on porosity maps decreases with w/c ratio firstly,then increases with w/c ratio;and the heterogeneity on the characterized probe size or on the RVE size increases with w/c ratio.Average porosities obtained using the CT method are further compared with those by traditional methods.     

搅拌时间对粉煤灰水泥净浆流动性及早期抗压强度的影响

影响粉煤灰水泥净浆的流动性与早期抗压强度等问题一个重要原因就是拌合是否充分,搅拌时间是否合适。现有的相关规范中对于拌合时间的规定大都针对普通混凝土,随着高性能混凝土的发展,尤其是粉煤灰混凝土近几年来的广泛使用,导致现有的拌合时间规定无法满足粉煤灰混凝土均匀性的控制要求。为此,通过初步研究不同拌合时间对不同掺量的粉煤灰水泥净浆流动性及早期抗压强度的影响,最终确定合理的粉煤灰水泥净浆拌合时间,供进一步研究与工程应用参考。     

石墨烯对水泥净浆力学性能及微观结构的影响

为改善石墨烯纳米材料疏水性,采用硝酸氧化和超声波法制备石墨烯分散悬浮液,考察石墨烯质量分数对水泥净浆力学性能及其微观结构的影响,探讨石墨烯的增强增韧作用机制,结果表明,水泥基复合材料的抗压、抗折强度随着石墨烯质量分数的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,且最佳质量分数为水泥质量的0.02%.通过SEM和FT-IR对硬化水泥石的结构进行表征,发现石墨烯能够促进水泥水化产物的生长,改变水化晶体的形状、尺寸,使其有形成完整、簇状的趋势,但并未与水泥发生化学反应,改变其生成物类型.     

复合混合材热力活化对水泥净浆强度的影响

煤系固体废弃物煤矸石、粉煤灰以及冶金废弃物矿渣等均含有可利用的SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,Al2O3等氧化物,但由于其来源不同,组分中氧化物含量及活性差异较大,因此,可通过合理配合、热力活化处理后用作水泥的复合混合材.将煤矸石、粉煤灰及矿渣按一定比例、在不同温度活化烧结后,掺入水泥熟料,进行水泥的净浆性能测试.试验结果表明,掺入活化处理后的复合混合材能明显提高水泥净浆的早期和后期强度;XRD,SEM分析结果显示,煅烧前后的混合材晶体结构有明显的变化,烧结后,复合混合材的水泥水化3 d后水化产物已经较少,水泥石结构致密,说明掺活化复合混合材的水泥水化后强度发挥较快.     

Effect of Al in slag blended cement paste under sulfate attack

Unilateral sulfate attack of cementitious materials containing 40% slag with different water to binder ratios was investigated. The results showed that the degradation of slag blended cement pastes was nearly from the corners of paste surface with cracking and spallings, water-to-binder(w/b) ratio made a significant sense to the damage that low w/b ratio led to little weight loss, less cracking and spalling damage and vice versa. Microstructural experimental results demonstrated that in the three different stages of sulfate attack, degradation of pastes was primarily associated with the migration behavior and bonding configuration of aluminum, in the early ages Al was mostly present in C-(A)-S-H, and thus, the damage of pastes hardly appeared while at later ones Al had been largely transferred from C-(A)-S-H into AFt, leading to expansive damage.     

Effect of corrosive solutions on C-S-H microstructure in portland cement paste with fly ash

By means of ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) combined with deconvolution technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray system(EDX), the effect of 5 wt% corrosive solutions (viz. 5 wt% Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄, Na2SO4+NaCl and Na₂SO₄+NaCl+Na₂CO₃) on C-S-H microstructure in Portland cement containing 30 wt% fly ash was investigated.The results show that, in MgSO₄ solution, Mg²⁺ promotes the decalcification of C-S-H by SO ₄ ^2- ,increasing silicate tetrahedra polymerization and mean chain length (MCL) of C-S-H. However, the substituting degree of Al³⁺ for Si⁴⁺ (Al[4]/Si) in the paste does not change evidently. Effect of Na²SO⁴ solution on C-S-H is not significantly influenced by NaCl solution, while the MCL and Al[4]/Si of C-S-H in fly ashcement paste slightly change. However, the decalcification of C-S-H by SO ₄ ^2- and CO ₃ ^2- attack, as well as the activation of fly ash by SO ₄ ^2- attack will increase the MCL and Al[4]/Si, which are both higher than that under Na₂SO₄ corrosion, MgSO₄ or Na₂SO₄ +NaCl coordination corrosion.     

Effect of competitive adsorption between sodium tripolyphosphate and naphthalene superplasticizer on fluidity of cement paste

The adsorption amount, ζ-potential of cement particles and fluidity of cement paste were tested to research the competitive adsorption between naphthalene superplasticizer(FDN) and STPP. The experimental results showed that the presence of STPP could significantly improve the fluidity of cement paste and reduce the fluidity loss with FDN. There existed a competitive adsorption between STPP and FDN. STPP and calcium ions formed complexes; they preferentially adsorbed onto surface of cement particles and preempt adsorption points of FDN; and it reduced adsorption amount of FDN. In the absence of STPP, saturation adsorption amount of FDN was 5.93 mg/g; but when the dosage of STPP was 0.1%, it reduced to 4.3 mg/g(about 72.5%). The adsorption amount of FDN was reduced by STPP, but ζ-potential of cement particles enhanced and fluidity of cement paste increased because of strong negative charge effect of the complexes. Adsorption of the complexes would delay Ca2+ into liquid and inhibit formation of active adsorption points. Then, content of FDN in liquid increased with the addition of STPP and ζ-potential of cement particles became stable. In this way, fluidity loss of cement paste reduced.