X60钢加热和冷却相变温度DSC法研究

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC),分析了X60管线钢在加热与冷却过程中的相变温度.结果表明:在冷却时DSC曲线上出现三个峰值,除先共析铁素体析出和珠光体转变外,还有铌或钒的碳化物析出;相变温度随冷却速度的增大而降低;在加热至950℃时,DSC曲线上出现二个峰值,除先共析铁素体溶解和奥氏体转变外,没有明显的铌或钒的碳化物峰溶入奥氏体峰.     

高温焙烧对石英砂加热时的相变与膨胀性的影响

本研究采用DSC和热膨胀仪对两种石英砂的原砂和焙烧砂在加热过程中的相变和热膨胀进行了分析。结果发现,石英砂加热过程中,分别在574℃和790℃附近出现了两个吸热峰,高纯度石英砂焙烧后进行加热时只在569℃出现一个吸热峰。石英砂在加热时相变吸收的热量大于冷却时相变放出的热量,焙烧石英砂相变时需要更多的能量。石英砂的膨胀率随温度的升高而增加,焙烧石英砂的膨胀率明显低于新砂。     

Ti-Ni-Cu形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应

采用差示扫描量热仪研究了Ti50Ni35Cu15以及Ti50Ni45Cu5(摩尔分数,%)形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应.结果表明:温度记忆效应仅在Ti-Ni-Cu合金的逆转变加热过程出现,在单斜结构马氏体与母相逆相变(B19'→B2)及正交结构马氏体与母相逆相变(B19→B2)过程中均能发生温度记忆效应;在随后的完全循环过程中,温度记忆记忆效应不再出现,DSC相变曲线又"恢复"到其原始形态;而在马氏体相变冷却过程中未发现温度记忆效应.分析表明,不完全相变过程中的弹性能再分布是可能的温度记忆效应机制.     

Ti-Ni形状记忆合金多阶段可逆相变的类型及其演化过程

用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和部分热循环分析法研究了350-800℃退火态和300-500℃时效态Ti-(50.2-50.8)Ni(原子分数,%)形状记忆合金多阶段可逆相变的类型及其演化过程.结果表明,这些合金发生R和马氏体两种可逆相变,相变可以一阶段完成,也可以多阶段完成.时效态合金的相变比退火态复杂,时效温度越低相变越复杂.若用DSC曲线上冷却相变峰数/加热相变峰数表示相变类型,则退火态和时效态合金冷却/加热时可以发生1/1,2/1,2/2,3/2和3/3等类型的相变.给出了各类相变发生的热处理工艺.多阶段可逆相变是一个渐变过程,在冷却相变峰的温度区间进行部分热循环时,随冷却停止(加热开始)温度降低,逆相变峰温度降低.     

加热速率对CuAlBe形状记忆合金相变的影响

通过差示扫描量热技术研究了加热速率对CuAlBe形状记忆合金的相变特征的影响。结果表明：在不同加热速率下的相变点在一个区域内变化。快速加热使两个相变峰靠近，随着加热速率的降低，两个相变峰逐渐分离。用超低降温速率法分离后的DSC曲线，右端的大峰变成一连串由许多微区依次发生马氏体逆相变所产生的许多小的放热峰。     

加热参数及冷却速率对一种轧辊用合金钢材料相变点的影响

利用热膨胀仪,研究升温速度、保温时间、冷却速率等参数对一种轧辊用合金钢材料淬火加热及冷却过程相变点温度的影响。通过试验数据表明,得出在1000℃加热时,分别在保温时间、淬火冷却速度、加热参数相同的情况下的相变规律,以指导热处理参数设计,充分发挥材料性能。     

退火工艺对TiNi形状记忆合金相变的影响

采用DSC法测试Ti49.8Ni50.2合金不同退火工艺处理后的热流温度曲线,研究相变温度和热焓,测试退火处理后合金的显微硬度。结果表明:48%冷加工变形量合金在冷却至液氮温度和加热过程中无相变发生,退火温度低于550℃时,发生A→R→M两阶段相变,退火温度达600℃,R相变消失。退火温度升高、位错密度下降和晶粒长大是影响合金相变的主要原因。     

TiNi合金不完全相变的温度记忆效应

通过示差扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了预应变及约束条件下TiNi形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应．结果表明，通过变形约束手段，可以大大拓宽TiNi合金的相变温度区间，使得TiNi合金的温度记忆效应能够在一个非常大的温度范围内发挥作用；同时，变形并约束后TiNi合金的温度记忆效应比自由态TiNi合金的温度记忆效应更加准确．分析表明，马氏体与母相界面处的位错以及界面处的弹性自适应过程是可能的温度记忆效应机制。     

矫直温度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性丝材相变行为及力学性能的影响

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、拉伸试验及透射电镜研究了不同矫直温度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性合金丝材相变特性、超弹性及微观结构的影响。结果表明,冷矫态合金丝材冷却/加热时的相变类型为A→M／M→A,而温矫态及热矫态合金丝材冷却/加热时发生A→R→M／M→A（A―母相,R―R相,M―马氏体）型相变;冷矫态合金丝材组织择优取向性强,位错密度高,亚晶界弯曲模糊;而热矫态合金丝材缺陷密度最低,亚晶界平直清晰,超弹性最好。分析认为,应力、位错密度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性合金丝材的相变特性及超弹性有重要的影响。     

矫直温度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性合金丝材相变行为及力学性能的影响

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、拉伸试验及透射电镜研究了不同矫直温度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性合金丝材相变特性、超弹性及微观结构的影响。结果表明,冷矫态合金丝材冷却/加热时的相变类型为A→M/M→A,而温矫态及热矫态合金丝材冷却/加热时发生A→R→M/M→A(A―母相,R―R相,M―马氏体)型相变;冷矫态合金丝材组织择优取向性强,位错密度高,亚晶界弯曲模糊;而热矫态合金丝材缺陷密度最低,亚晶界平直清晰,超弹性最好。分析认为,应力、位错密度对Ti-50.8Ni超弹性合金丝材的相变特性及超弹性有重要的影响。     

Two-way shape memory effect and alternating current driving characteristics of a TiNi alloy spring

Two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was induced into the TiNi shape memory alloys (SMAs) spring by thermomechanical training after annealing treatment, which has promising application in micro-actuating fields. The TWSME spring can contract upon heating and extend upon cooling. The results show that there is an increase of the recovery ratio up to a maximum TWSME of 45%. During the training procedure, transformation temperatures and hysteresis were measured by different scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that As (reverse transformation start temperature) and Af (reverse transformation fmish temperature) shift to lower temperature after training. The intervals of ArAs and Ms-Mf (Ms and Mf are the martensite start and finish temperatures, respectively) increase and the heat of transformation decreases after training. The electrothermal driving characteristics of the TWSME springs were also investigated with alternating current density of 3.2-14.7A/mm^2. It is found that the time response and the maximum contraction ratio greatly depend on the magnitude of the electrical current density.     

Effect of heat treatment on the transformation behavior and temperature memory effect in TiNiCu wires

The effect of heat treatment on the phase transformation behavior of TiNiCu shape memory alloy wires and the temperature memory effect in this alloy were investigated by the resistance method. These results showed that with increasing annealing temperature and annealing time, the phase transformation temperatures of TiNiCu wires were shifted to higher temperatures in the heating and cooling process. It was also found that incomplete thermal cycles, upon heating the TiNiCu wires, which were arrested at a temperature between the start and finish tem-peratures of the reverse martensite transformation, could induce a kinetic stop in the next complete thermal cycle. The kinetic stop tempera-ture was closely related to the previous arrested temperature. This phenomenon was defined as the temperature memory effect. The result of this study was consistent with the previous report on the phenomenon obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry method, indicating that temperature memory effect was a common phenomenon in shape memory alloys.     

Two-way shape memory effect and its stability in Ti-Ni-Hf high temperature shape memory alloy

The two-way shape memory effect(TWSME) in a Ti36 Ni49 Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) was systematically studied by bending tests. In the TiNiHf alloy, the martensite deformation is an effective method to get two-way shape memory effect even with a small deformation strain. The results indicate that the internal stress field formed by the bending deformation is in the direction of the preferentially oriented martensite variants formed during the bending deformation. Upon cooling the preferentially oriented martensite variants form under such an oriented stress field, which should be responsible for the generation of the two-way shape memory effect.Proper training process benefits the formation of the oriented stress field, resulting in the improvement of the twoway shape memory effect. A maximum TWSME of 0.88% is obtained in the present alloy.     

TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄带研究进展

TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄带凭借其窄相变滞后、优异的形状记忆效应与超弹性、良好的热循环稳定性成为一种很有前途的微驱动器材料。本文全面阐述了国内外在TiNiCu薄带研究方面的最新进展,主要包括晶化行为、显微组织、马氏体相变行为、形状记忆效应与超弹性,重点介绍了热处理工艺-显微组织-性能之间的内在联系,探讨了TiNiCu薄带今后的研究重点     

Ti49.4Ni50.6超弹性弹簧的相变和形变特性

用示差扫描量热仪、拉伸实验和应力-应变循环实验系统研究了退火温度、变形温度以及热循环和室温应力-应变循环对Ti49．4Ni50．6超弹性(SE)弹簧的相变和形变特性的影响。冷加工加中温退火态Ti49．4Ni50．6合金冷却→←加热时的相变类型为母相B2→←R相→←马氏体B19′。随退火温度升高，马氏体转变温度升高，R相转变温度降低。623-773K退火态Ti49．4Ni50．6弹簧室温下可获得SE特性，随变形温度升高，SE弹簧剐度增加；当退火温度超过823K后，SE持性变差。热循环时SE弹簧的切变量取值越小，其应变恢复率越高。预循环训练可增强SE的稳定性。     

加热速率对CuAlBe形状记忆合金相变的影响

通过差示扫描量热技术研究了不同的加热速率对CuAlBe形状记忆合金的相变特征的影响。结果表明：在不同加热速率下的相变点在一个区域内变化（Ms=120-128℃,Mf=99-105℃,As=142-130℃,Af=151-141℃）。快速加热使两个相变峰靠近,随着加热速率的降低,两个相变峰逐渐分离。用超低降温速率法分离后的DSC曲线,右瑞的大峰变为了一连串由许多微区依次发生马氏体逆相变所产生的许多小的放热峰。     

不同Cu含量的TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄膜的组织与相变

利用TEM、XRD、DSC测试方法,首次系统地研究了直流磁控溅射制备的3种不同Cu含量的TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄膜的退火组织和加热与冷却过程中发生的相变.结果表明:退火后的薄膜获得了形状记忆性能;随着薄膜中Cu含量的增加,薄膜的退火组织出现差异,相变滞后明显变小,相变温区变窄;使获得快速响应的形状记忆合金薄膜成为可能.     

Effect of composition on surface relief morphology in TiNiCu thin films

TiNiCu films were deposited on a (100) type Si substrates by co-sputtering of TiNi and Cu targets at room temperature, and then post-annealed at 450 °C for crystallization. Significant surface relief due to martensitic transformation occurred on the film surface after cooling, and variations in surface relief morphology (the size and density of martensite crystals) have been quantified with atomic force microscopy. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the surface relief morphological difference in the TiNiCu films is due to the change in composition. It was proposed that the crystallization of the amorphous thin film during annealing behaved differently with chemical composition, which in turn induced fluctuations in phase transformation temperatures at various regions, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter measurements.     

Cu-11.19Al-6.43Mn合金的形状记忆效应

测试了Ｃｕ－１１．１９Ａｌ－６．４３Ｍｎ合金的形状记忆效应,研究了预变形程度、恢复温度和训练次数对该合金的单向和双向形状记忆效应的影响。结果表明：该合金有一个能完全恢复的最大预变形程度εｍ,它随恢复温度的提高而增大,其最大值约为４．５％;合金的双向记忆效应随训练次数增加而增大。在适当的训练次数和训练温度下,其最大的冷却和加热时的开头恢复量之比值约为３０％。