Valve dynamic and thermal cycle model in stepless capacity regulation for reciprocating compressor

The existing researches of stepless capacity regulation system by depressing the suction valve for reciprocation compressor always adopt hypothesis that the compressor valves are open or close instantaneously, the valve dynamic has not been taken account into thermal cycle computation, the influence of capacity regulation system on suction valves dynamic performance and cylinder thermal cycle operation has not been considered. This paper focuses on theoretical and experimental analysis of the valve dynamic and thermal cycle for reciprocating compressor in the situation of stepless capacity regulation. The valve dynamics equation, gas forces for normal and back flow, and the cylinder pressure varying with suction valve unloader moment during compression thermal cycle are discussed. A new valve dynamic model based on L-K real gas state equation for reciprocating compressor is first deduced to reduce the calculation errors induced by the ideal gas state equation. The variations of valve dynamic and cylinder pressure during part of compression stroke are calculated numerically. The calculation results reveal the non-normal thermal cycle and operation condition of compressor in stepless capacity regulation situation. The numerical simulation results of the valve dynamic and thermal cycle parameters are also verified by the stepless capacity regulation experiments in the type of 3L-10/8 reciprocating compressor. The experimental results agree with the numerical simulation results, which show that the theoretical models proposed are effective and high-precision. The proposed theoretical models build the theoretical foundation to design the real stepless capacity regulation system.     

P-V图和阀片运动图在冰箱压缩机性能评价中的应用

通过建立新的实验平台,准确测量压缩机各腔体内的气体压力和吸排气阀片的升程量,获取真实的P-V图和阀片运动图。对压缩机P-V图和阀片运动图进行同步研究和分析,得到阀片动作与压缩机内部工作过程的耦合关系,从而为压缩机优化提供方法。实验数据表明：在ASHRAE工况下,该款压缩机循环功耗为66.825W,其中排气压力损失功耗占比为4.254%,吸气压力损失功耗占比为1.2%,吸气阀片位移为2.148mm,排气阀片位移为0.825mm。对压缩机吸排气阀片延时现象进行了分析。     

应用小孔喷注噪声原理分析全封闭活塞式制冷压缩机吸排气阀噪声

制冷剂气体流经压缩机吸、排气阀时,由于气流穿过狭小的阀隙,会产生类似喷注的噪声,将小孔喷注噪声原理应用在吸、排气气阀开启瞬间产生的噪声分析中,并理论定量分析制冷剂蒸气流经吸、排气阀产生气流噪声的机理,着重分析了吸、排气过程转角与压差、转角与声压级、压差与声压级的关系.根据噪声产生原理,指出降低噪声的根本途径是降低气流通过气阀前后的压力损失,并给出降低气流噪声的主要途径是:提出减小阀片刚性、厚度以及扩大排气孔孔径等.并给出了几种通过改善吸、排气阀结构来降低压缩机噪声的方法.     

线性压缩机变容量性能实验研究

通过对开发的线性压缩机进行变容量调节性能实验,进行不同容量百分比条件下的效率分析.结果显示,当通过减小活塞行程实现变容量调节时,电机效率受频率特性的影响较大,在频率比接近1.0时,电机效率最高.绝热效率与活塞的摩擦损耗和吸排气阀开关损耗有关,随着活塞行程的增加,摩擦损耗也增加,但吸排气阀的开关损耗基本不变,绝热效率随着行程的增加先增大后减小.同样的行程条件下,排气压力越高,气体压缩功越高,但机械损耗不变,因而绝热效率越高.     

压缩机网状阀悬臂式弹簧的计算

建立压缩机网状阀悬臂式弹簧物理模型,分析悬臂式弹簧刚度特性、运动等效质量及应力。通过分析网状阀工作过程可知,当悬臂式弹簧变形大于其临界变形时,刚度特性由线性变为非线性,线性区与非线性区的刚度需分别计算。运用瑞利法分析悬臂式弹簧的运动等效质量,用于模拟气阀运动规律。运用第三强度理论对悬臂式弹簧所受应力进行分析,用于指导其可靠性设计。     

Study on a linear relationship between limited pressure difference and coil current of on/off valve and its influential factors

On/off solenoid valves with PWM control are widely used in all types of vehicle electro-hydraulic control systems respecting to their desirable properties of reliable, low cost and fast acting. However, it can hardly achieve a linear hydraulic modulation by using on/off valves mainly due to the nonlinear behaviors of valve dynamics and fluid, which affects the control accuracy significantly. In this paper, a linear relationship between limited pressure difference and coil current of an on/off valve in its critical closed state is proposed and illustrated, which has a great potential to be applied to improve hydraulic control performance. The hydraulic braking system of case study is modeled. The linear correspondence between limited pressure difference and coil current of the inlet valve is simulated and further verified experimentally. Based on validated simulation models, the impacts of key parameters are researched. The limited pressure difference affected by environmental temperatures is experimentally studied, and the amended linear relation is given according to the test data.     

活塞压缩机的优化设计及试验研究

论述了余隙容积对压缩机性能的影响.以全QD系列全封闭活塞压缩机为例,通过减少其阀板厚度的方法减少余隙容积,提高压缩机的制冷量,对压缩机气阀进行优化设计.实验表明：该方法对指导压缩机气阀的优化设计是可靠的、有效的.     

往复压缩机气量调节系统气阀瞬态特性的研究

基于主动控制进气阀的气量调节系统具有调节范围大、节能效果好等优点,适用于工艺流程中大型压缩机。本文依据热、动力学理论建立了耦合阀片运动的往复压缩机热力学模型,模拟了气缸内气体瞬态压力变化规律及进气阀片运动特性。研究结果表明:调节工况下自动阀和强制阀方式同时存在,执行机构延迟关闭进气阀,使压力升高过程延迟,实现压缩机流量及功率的降低。执行机构在气阀完全打开后作用,不影响气阀打开过程,仅利用撤销时间控制压缩机气量。调节工况下阀片打开速度不变,但关闭速度增大,且阀片与阀座间的最大撞击速度随执行机构撤销角度的增大而增大。由于气阀打开及关闭存在时间延迟,执行机构撤销时间在主轴转角为160°~295°范围内变化时,已实现气量0~100%范围调节。     

运用小波包变换与能量算子的气阀故障特征提取

针对目前往复压缩机气阀故障诊断中存在的问题,提出了基于小波包变换与能量算子相结合的包络解调技术对其振动信号进行包络分析,解决了对信号包络解调前需要人为确定载波带对信号进行带通滤波的问题.并将其用于往复压缩机气阀的故障诊断,实例数据的分析表明,把包络信号的歪度值和峭度值作为特征指标较好地区分了气阀的不同故障,并且表现出抑噪特性.     

关联维数在往复压缩机气阀故障诊断中的应用

针对传统方法难以有效进行往复压缩机气阀故障诊断的现状，提出了应用关联维数对往复压缩机气阀故障进行诊断的新方法。通过对气阀常见故障类型的诊断，表明了关联维数可以有效地分析出往复压缩机气阀的常见故障。     

基于模糊聚类的油田往复压缩机气阀故障诊断研究

往复压缩机气阀是整个机体中故障率最高的部件,针对其故障模式复杂、难以辨识的特点,选取与气阀运行状态密切相关的6个振动参数作为特征参数,采用模糊聚类方法对气阀故障和运行状态进行评判.用现场实际采集的20个样本进行模糊聚类分析,求出故障特征,并与频谱分析和现场实际情况进行比较,聚类结果与实际情况相吻合,证明此方法应用于运行状态评判和挖掘故障特征是有效的.     

余隙容积对微型高压压缩机容积效率的影响

余隙容积的合理设计是保证压缩机正常工作的必备条件。相较于传统的高压压缩机，微型高压压缩机体积小、结构紧凑，活塞行程短且高压级活塞的直径较小，因而其工作性能对余隙容积更为敏感。为研究余隙容积对微型高压压缩机各级工作腔容积效率的影响，在微型高压压缩机关键结构参数和压力参数的基础上，结合能量和质量守恒定律、气阀运动以及活塞运动规律，搭建了工作腔热力学仿真模型。分析不同余隙容积下各级工作腔内气体压力、质量的瞬态变化过程，得出各级工作腔内容积效率的变化规律，从而为微型高压压缩机缸体和气阀关键结构参数的设计和优化提供指导意义。     

HydroCOM无级气量调节系统在往复压缩机上的应用

研究分析了应用于中国石油乌鲁木齐石化加氢裂化压缩机上的HydroCOM无级气量调节系统的工作原理和控制逻辑,该系统基于部分行程顶开进气阀调节理论,核心部件是液压执行机构和电磁阀,通过压叉强制顶开进气阀片控制进气阀的打开时间,从而只压缩工艺所需要的气量。计算比较了该系统在压缩机组中实际使用中的节能效果,该系统调节下的往复压缩机轴功率与排气量成正比,实现了连续无级气量调节,并对该系统执行机构密封室出现的填料损坏问题的原因进行了探讨和分析,发现工况恶劣与装配不合适是引发密封填料损坏的主要原因。HydroCOM系统对于往复压缩机的控制快速而精准,节能效果明显,避免了起动、停机过程中较大的压力波动,同时也能够使压缩机的各项运行参数更稳定。     

Numerical analysis of 3-D flow through LNG marine control valves for their advanced design

A numerical analysis of three dimensional incompressible turbulent flows through high pressure drop control valves was carried out by using a CFD-ACE code to develop anti-cavitation control valve used in LNG marine system. For this, numerical simulation was performed on several models of control valve that have different orifice diameters of anti-trim and the size of valve discharge. In this study, flow characteristics of control valves with complex flow fields including pressure drop, cavitation effect and variation of flow coefficient as well as correlation of discharge coefficient were investigated and analyzed. Comparing with conventional control valves, newly designed valves by using the CFD analysis showed an improved flow pattern with reduced cavitation and an anticipated performance characteristic. This paper was presented at the 9^th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju, Korea, October 16–19, 2007.     

振动环境下插装阀的动态特性

为研究强振动环境对二通插装阀工作性能的影响,建立了振动环境下的二通插装阀结构模型及AMESim仿真模型,分别分析振动条件及插装阀结构参数对其动态特性的影响规律。研究表明:基础振动会引起插装阀阀口流量及阀芯开度出现波动现象;阀芯在稳态时的波动程度随基础振动幅值线性增加,振动频率大于20Hz后,波动程度明显。较小的阻尼孔径会使流量上升至最大值的时间增加,但通过阀口的流量更平稳;插装阀在开启状态时,阀芯波动值与阀芯质量呈正相关关系;改变插装阀的面积对改善流量波动现象效果有限;增加弹簧刚度可以改善流量波动现象,但会使通过阀口的流量减小。     

应用动网格对阀片运动规律的瞬态数值模拟

影响压缩机阀片运动的因素较多,阀片的运动在这些因素的作用下变得非常复杂。从数值模拟的角度对阀片的运动规律进行瞬态模拟,可使阀片的运动过程更直观。在数值模拟的过程中,主要讨论了弹簧弹性系数、工质密度和阀片质量对阀片运动规律的影响,并得出相关结论。该方法对气阀的设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

斜板式变排量压缩机控制阀特性研究

研究了一种用于斜板式变排量压缩机的控制阀的稳态特性，在对该控制阀进行受力分析的基础上建立了控制阀数学模型，并开发了控制阀实验装置来验证了这一数学模型。最后运用建立的模型对控制阀的稳态特性进行了分析。     

往复压缩机气阀所受动态气体力的探讨

通过分析往复压缩机气阀的工作原理和阀片的运动规律,阐述了动态气体力对阀片开启阶段的影响,并把动态气体力和静态气体力做比较,说明动态气体力对阀片运动影响的重要。     

波浪能液压系统单向阀优化分析

针对波浪能液压系统自吸回路单向阀需要加压开启或内部无序流动的问题,提出了零重力无压开启策略。通过对比分析单向直通阀不同阀芯形式的优缺点,说明了球阀的可行性。为提升球阀的流动特性,优化单向阀的弹簧力与阀芯重力差,实现吸油回路阀芯的零重力和无压开启,结合液压回路短程设计,改善了液压系统效率。通过实验室在不同流量下的效率测试和海试运行的状态,结果显示该方案具有可行性,不仅减小了沿程损失,也保证了工程化的安全性。     

环状阀流量系数影响因素数值研究

采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,对不同环状阀做流场模拟计算,得到6条环状阀流量系数α,与升程和通道宽度比H／b的关系曲线。通过理论分析及对比各模拟曲线,分析了升程、阀座通道宽度和密封边宽度对流量系数的影响。模拟曲线相比实验曲线具有更大H／b范围,且考虑了阀座通道宽度和密封边宽度对曲线的影响,可以更好地指导压缩机环状阀的设计。