环氧交联型低温丙烯酸酯橡胶的合成及表征

本文以丙烯酸乙酯,丙烯酸丁酯为主要单体,以丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯为共聚单体,以ＧＭＡ或ＡＧＢ为硫化点单体,采用乳聚法合成了含环氧交联点低温（Ｔｇ＝－２８℃）丙烯酸酯橡胶（ＡＣＭ）生胶凝胶含量小于１％,并用ＩＲ＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ表征了共聚物的结构,ＤＳＣ测定出共聚物的Ｔｇ为－２８℃,并考察了不同聚合工艺对生胶性能的影响。     

阳离子P（BA—St—MBDM）共聚物乳液的合成及其抗静电性能

以丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）、苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基，二甲基，丁基溴化铵盐（简称ＭＢＤＭ、（ＣＨ２＝ＣＣＨ３－ＣＯＯＣＨ２Ｎ（ＣＨ３）２－ｎＣ４Ｈ９）＾＋Ｂｒ＾－）为共聚单体，Ｎ－甲基－Ｎ－十六烷基吗啉硫酸甲酯盐作乳化剂进行自由基型乳液聚合，研究了影响聚合速度、共聚物［η］和乳液稳定性的因素，合成了一系列稳定的阳离子共聚物乳液。所得乳液经稀释后对不同织物进行处理，处理后的织物具有良好的抗静电性和     

丙烯酸酯橡胶的研究与应用

采用丙烯酸酯类单体通过乳液聚合制备了丙烯酸酯橡胶（ＡＣＭ）。试验研究了ＡＣＭ硫化胶的性能。结果表明,ＡＣＭ引入—ＣＯＯＨ基团,用环氧树脂作硫化剂,可以实现高温快速硫化,且其硫化胶性能良好;增大带有柔性基团的单体（增塑剂）的比例,可以改善ＡＣＭ硫化胶的耐低温性;增大极性大的单体（丙烯腈）的比例,可以改善ＡＣＭ硫化胶的耐油性和耐热性。ＡＣＭ与氟橡胶（ＦＫＭ）并用初步研究结果显示,ＦＫＭ的用量在５０份以上时,并用硫化胶性能接近ＦＫＭ     

AA-MAn-AMPS共聚物的合成及其阻垢分散性能

首次以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,将丙烯酸（ＡＡ） 、马来酸酐（ＭＡｎ）、２ 丙烯酰氨基 ２ 甲基丙烷磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ） 按一定单体物质的量比进行共聚, 合成了系列ＡＡ－ ＭＡｎ－ ＡＭＰＳ共聚物。探讨了它们对Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２ 的阻垢率与共聚物用量、共聚物单体物质的量比的关系,研究了共聚物在稳定锌、分散氧化铁方面的性能。结果表明：共聚物Ｂ［ ｎ （ＡＡ）∶ｎ（ＭＡｎ）∶ｎ（ＡＭＰＳ） ＝ ７０∶２０∶１０］ 对Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２ 具有优良的阻垢分散性能, 当ｗ（Ｃａ２＋） ＝１５０ ×１０－６, ｗ（ＰＯ４３－ ）＝ ６×１０－ ６,ｐＨ＝９－０,θ＝５０ ℃,ｔ ＝ １０ ｈ,共聚物的质量分数＝１０×１０－６ 时,对Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２ 的阻垢率达９９－４５％ ;共聚物Ｇ［ ｎ（ＡＡ）∶ｎ（ＭＡｎ）∶ｎ（ＡＭＰＳ） ＝７０∶１５∶１５］则具有良好的稳定锌能力,当ｗ（Ｚｎ２＋）＝１０×１０－６ ,ｐＨ＝８－８～９－０,θ＝ ５０ ℃,ｔ ＝ ２４ ｈ,共聚物的质量分数＝ １０ ×１０－６ 时,对Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）２ 的阻垢率达７４－４２％ 。Ｂ、Ｇ均具有较好的分散氧化铁性能。ＡＡ－ ＭＡｎ － ＡＭＰＳ共聚物可用作工业循环冷却水的阻垢分散剂。     

几种聚合物的合成及缓蚀阻垢性能的对比

合成了一系列聚合物,并对它们进行了缓蚀阻垢性能的评定,实验结果表明：聚合物中羧基基团对阻碳酸钙垢起主要作用;含有ＡＭＰＳ单体的聚合物对磷酸钙有着非常好的阻垢效果;聚合物中的单体（官能团）对其阻碳酸钙垢的贡献大小顺序为η［ＡＡ（ＣＯＯＨ）］＞η［ＩＰＰＡ［ＰＯ（ＯＨ）２］］＞η［ＡＭＰＳ（ＣＯＮＨ２和－ＳＯ３Ｈ）］;含有ＩＰＰＡ单体的聚合物（如ＡＡ／ＡＭＰＳ／ＩＰＰＡ、ＡＡ／ＩＰＰＡ等）具有较好的缓蚀作用。     

MA-AMPS-AMPP共聚物的合成及其阻垢效果

以水为溶剂,过氧化物为引发剂,马来酸酐（ＭＡ）、２－丙烯酰胺－２－甲基丙基磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）、２－丙烯酰胺－２－甲基丙基膦酸（ＡＭＰＰ）为单体合成了三元共聚物。探讨了该共聚物的阻垢效果及以聚合率与单体配比、引发剂用量和组成、反应温度、时间等之间的关系,并考察了水质条件变化对共聚物阻垢性能的影响。结果表明,该共聚物具有很好的阻ＣａＣＯ３垢和Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２垢能力。     

以丙烯酸为主体的多元共聚物在循环冷却水中的应用

本试验首先合成了聚合用单体－异然膦酸（ＩＰＰＡ）,并分别与丙烯酸（ＡＡ）,２－丙烯酰胺基－２－甲基丙磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）进行共聚,得到了一系列多元共聚物,对它们阻垢和缓蚀性能评定结果表明,单体种类和配比是影响共取物性能和重要因素,它们之间具有如下关系：１．聚合物中的－ＣＯＯＨ基团对阻碳酸钙垢起主要作用。２．ＡＭＰＳ的存在,对阻磷酸钙有非常好的效果,ＡＭＰＳ达到一定比例时,共聚物的阻垢率可达到９０％以上     

马来酸－丙烯酸－丙烯酰胺共聚物的阻垢效果

本文研究了马来酸（ＭａＡ）－丙烯酸（ＡＡ）－丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）共聚物（ＭＡＡ）对含ＣａＣＯ３和ＣａＳＯ４合成水的阻垢效果。探讨了阻垢率与共聚物用量、Ｃａ２＋浓度、溶液温度和ｐＨ值的关系。实验结果表明，共聚物对ＣａＣＯ３和ＣａＳＯ４的阻垢效果较好，对溶液的ｐＨ值适用范围宽，可用作工业循环冷却水的阻垢剂。     

马来酸——丙烯酸——丙烯酰胺共聚物的阻垢效果

本文研究了马来酸（ＭａＡ）－丙烯酸（ＡＡ）－丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）共聚物（ＭＡＡ）对含ＣａＣＯ３和ＣａＳＯ４合成水的阻垢效果。探讨了阻垢率与共聚物用量、Ｃａ＾２＋浓度、溶液温度和ｐＨ值的关系。实验结果表明，共聚物对ＣａＣＯ３和ＣａＳＯ４的阻垢效果较好，对溶液的ｐＨ值适用范围宽，可用作工业循环冷却水的阻垢剂。     

CATION－ENHANCED INTRAMOLECULAR PHOTODIMERI－ZATION AND EXCIMER FORMATION OF POLYE－THERS BEARING NAPHTHALE

ＣＡＴＩＯＮ－ＥＮＨＡＮＣＥＤＩＮＴＲＡＭＯＬＥＣＵＬＡＲＰＨＯＴＯＤＩＭＥＲＩ－ＺＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＥＸＣＩＭＥＲＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＯＬＹＥ－ＴＨＥＲＳＢＥＡＲＩＮＧＮＡＰＨＴＨＡＬＥＮＥＣＨＲＯＭＯＰＨＯＲＥＳＴ＿（ＯＮＧ）Ｚ＿（ＨＥＮ－ＨＥ...     

丙烯酸酯核壳乳液胶膜力学性能研究

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了丙烯酸(AA)/丙烯酰胺(AM)交联的、具有核壳结构的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)/丙烯腈(AN)复合乳液,研究了壳层软硬单体比、复合交联剂AA/AM及壳层交联单体AN用量对乳液胶膜拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的影响。结果表明:当核层和壳层之间的玻璃化转变温度Tg相近时,核壳乳液核、壳两部分分子链的协调运动能力较强,其乳液胶膜拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都较大;当AA/AM用量不超过4%时,乳液胶膜强度和断裂伸长率随着AA/AM用量增大而增大;随着AN用量的增加,乳液胶膜拉伸强度逐渐增大。     

丙烯酸酯乳液胶粘剂的合成及其性能研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(St)、丙烯腈(AN)和丙烯酸(AA)为单体,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为乳化剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,通过半连续乳液聚合方法合成了丙烯酸酯乳液胶粘剂。研究了软硬单体配比、不同硬单体以及功能单体AA对胶粘剂性能的影响。研究结果表明,当m(BA)∶m(MMA)∶m(AN+St)=75∶15∶10[其中m(AN)∶m(St)=1∶3]、w(AA)=2份时,制备的乳液胶粘剂具有较好的剪切强度、拉伸强度和耐水性。     

Passive microrheology for measurement of gelation behavior of a kind of polymer gel P(AM‐AA‐AMPS)

One kind of polymer gel P(AM‐AA‐AMPS) was prepared by radical aqueous copolymerization, using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and 1‐acrylanmido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as monomers, N,N‐methacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The microstructure and molecular structure of the polymer gel were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), infrared spectrometer (IR) and thermal gravity analysis (TGA). Main factors affecting the gelation behavior of P(AM‐AA‐AMPS) were qualitatively and quantitatively studied by multi‐speckle diffusion wave spectroscopy (MS‐DWS) technology, and the elasticity index (EI) and macroscopic viscosity index (MVI) were introduced to evaluate the elasticity and viscosity of the polymer gel. The results show that the synthesized P(AM‐AA‐AMPS) polymer gel has three‐dimensional network structure gel with thermally resistant and salts tolerant groups. The EI and MVI of solution increase abruptly during the gelation time and the two indexes tend to stabilize. Under certain conditions, with the increase of reaction temperature and concentration of monomers and initiator, the gelation time of polymer gel gets shorter and the gel strength increases; with the increase of concentration of crosslinker, the strength of polymer gels increases, while the gelation time remains almost unchanged. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43364.     

Monte Carlo simulation of sequence distributions of acrylonitrile copolymers

A Monte Carlo simulation examining the effect of monomer ratios on the composition and sequence distribution of acrylonitrile(AN) copolymers with N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), itaconic acid (IA), and acrylic acid (AA) as comonomers has been developed. The Kelen–Tudos method was used to estimate monomer reactivity ratios. The results of the simulation are consistent with the academic conclusion and are as foreseen by the experimental data. The average number of NVP identical monomers in a sequence length of AN/NVP copolymer chain increases continuously and the average number of AN identical monomers in a sequence length shows a prominent decrease with an increase of NVP concentration in the feed. Changes in the monomer average number of AN/IA and AN/AA copolymers in a sequence length were the same as those of AN/NVP copolymer with an increase of comonomer concentration in the feed. The optimum weight ratio of AN with comonomers for manufacturing carbon fibers is 98/2. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 483–488, 2005     

Synthesis of a new type of adsorbent containing carboxyl and amidoxime groups by preirradiation grafting and its absorption of metal ions

A new type of adsorbent containing amidoxime and carboxyl groups was synthesized by the preirradiation graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylic acid (AA) onto fibrous‐type poly(vinyl alcohol) followed by amidoximation with hydroxylamine. The radiation dose and ratio of AN and AA monomers influenced the degree of grafting, the content of the amidoxime group, and the adsorption capacity. The synthesis course, structure, and properties of the adsorbent were investigated with Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. The adsorption property of the adsorbent for palladium(II) ions was also studied systematically. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1986–1992, 2002     

Terpolymers of acrylamide,acrylic acid and acrylonitrile: further characterization and biodegradation studies

Tercopolymers of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN) synthesized by free radical solution polymerization have been characterized using ¹³C NMR and thermal analysis (DSC) techniques. Incorporation of the above three monomers was confirmed by ¹³C NMR analysis. The tercopolymers have similar polymer backbone structures, and a limited branching in the main chain was found as evidenced by DSC analysis. Microbiological observations of polymer‐dependent growth and of respiration studies using a soil bacterial isolate, suggested that these tercopolymers were used as growth substrate and were therefore biodegradable. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Photoinitiated surface grafting of synthetic fibers,I. Photoinitiated surface grafting of ultra high strength polyethylene fibers

Photoinitiated surface grafting of acrylic monomers has been carried out onto high strength polyethylene (HSPE) yarn by means of a continuous process. The grafting reaction is initiated by UV irradiation of the yarn after presoaking in an acetone solution of initiator and monomer. Four initiators, benzophenone (BP), 4-chlorobenzophenone (4-CBP), 2-hydroxy-2-cyclohexylacetophenone (HHA), and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), and two monomers, acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM), have been used. After short irradiation time (10 to 20 s) successful grafting is obtained, as shown by ESCA and IR-ATR spectra, dye adsorpotion from aqueous solution, and measurements of adhesion of single filaments to epoxy resin. Grafting efficiency of 74% has been reached for AA as monomer (26% is homopolymer). The tensile strength and modulus of the HSPE yarn are retained in the grafting process. The degree of surface grafting is mainly a function of structure and concentration of monomer and photoinitiator in the presoaking solution and of the irradiation conditions used. Increasing irradiation time gives increasing amounts of grafted polymer up to a certain limiting value. The reactivities of the four initiators have been compared showing the highest grafting yields of AA with BP and of AM with 4-CBP as photoinitiator. AA grafted HSPE yarn can be dyed to rather deep color by dipping in an aqueous solution of Crystal Violet. Increased dye absorption by a factor of up to seven has been measured for yarn grafted with AA to the maximum level obtained. The filaments of the grafted yarn show increased adhesion to epoxy resin by a factor of up to five compared with the ungrafted filaments.     

Grafting onto polyformaldehyde fibers

Acrylic acid (AA), acrylonitrile (AN), and acrylamide (AM) were grafted onto polyformaldehyde (PF) fibers employing γ-ray irradiation as well as benzoyl peroxide initiation. The nature of the graft copolymer obtained from a given monomer was dependent on the type of method used for the grafting reactions. This was reflected in the various characteristics of the grafted PF fibers such as moisture regain and dyeability to disperse, direct, basic, and acid dyes. The extent of grafting was dependent on time, concentration of the initiator, concentration of monomer, and irradiation dose. The grafting reaction with all the three monomers and both methods of grafting studied followed first-order kinetics. The rate constant values for grafting with AA, AN, and AM were 0.493, 0.576, and 0.420 hr^?1, respectively for the irradiation method and 0.385, 0.385, and 0.346 hr^?1, respectively, for the benzoyl peroxide initiation technique. The increase in the moisture regain was directly proportional to the amount of graft in the fiber. Acrylic acid grafted PF fibers were rendered hydrophilic to the highest extent (7.9% M.R. for 42% graft), while AM-grafted fibers were rendered so to the lowest extent (7.23% M.R. for 76.5% graft). Considerable improvement in dyeability of PF fibers was observed as a result of grafting. In general, dyeability was proportional to the amount of graft introduced in the fibers. The AA-grafted PF fibers gave a six-to sevenfold increase in disperse dye content when the irradiation method was followed and a four-to fivefold improvement when the chemical method was used during the grafting reaction. The AA-grafted and AM-grafted PF fibers show considerable affinity toward direct cotton dyes. The two substrates could also be dyed with fiber-reactive dyes in deep fast shades, the AM-grafted PF fibers giving deeper shades as a result of higher reactivity imparted to the substrate by the NH₂ group of the graft copolymer. The AA- and AN-grafted PF fibers could be dyed in intense deep shades with cationic dyes. Similarly, AM-grafted substrates gave bright deep shades with acid dyes. Infrared studies, used to analyze the grafted PF fibers, indicated the presence of ? COOH, ? CN, and ? NH₂ groups introduced in the fiber structure as a result of grafting with AA, AN, and AM.     

Utilization of starch and montmorrilonite for the preparation of superabsorbent nanocomposite

Starch and montmorrilonite (MMT) were used as raw materials for synthesizing starch‐graft‐poly[acrylamide (AM)–acrylic acid (AA)]/MMT superabsorbent nanocomposite by graft and intercalation copolymerization reaction of starch, AM, and AA in the presence of organic MMT micropowder in aqueous solution. Major factors affecting water absorbency such as weight ratio of monomers to starch, weight ratio of AM to AA, neutralization degree of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, and MMT were investigated. The superabsorbent nanocomposite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions exhibits absorption of 1120 g H₂O/g sample and 128 g H₂O/g sample in deionized water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. IR spectra showed that the graft copolymerization between  OH groups on MMT and monomers took place during the reaction, and that crystal interlayer was pulled open in the superabsorbent nanocomposite. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystal interlayer of MMT was pulled open to 2.73 nm, and thus formed nanometer exfoliation composite material. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that starch‐graft‐poly (AM–AA) superabsorbent nanocomposite (8 wt % MMT) has good thermal stability. This superabsorbent nanocomposite with excellent water absorbency and water retention, being biodegradable in nature, economical and environment friendly, could be especially useful in industry, agricultural, and horticultural applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Synthesis and properties of carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) as a novel cellulose‐based superabsorbent

A new cellulose‐based superabsorbent polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide), was prepared by the free‐radical grafting solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker with a redox couple of potassium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite as an initiator. The influences of reaction variables such as the initiator content, crosslinker content, bath temperature, molar ratio of AA to AM, and weight ratio of the monomers to CMC on the water absorbency of the carboxymethylcellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) copolymer were investigated. The copolymer's structures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follows: the bath temperature was 50°C; the molar ratio of AA to AM was 3 : 1; the mass ratio of the monomers to CMC was 4 : 1; and the weight percentages of the crosslinker and initiator with respect to the monomers were 0.75 and 1%, respectively. The maximum water absorbency of the optimized product was 920 g/g for distilled water and 85 g/g for a 0.9 wt % aqueous NaCl solution. In addition, the superabsorbent possessed good water retention and salt resistance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1382–1388, 2007