电子辐照直拉硅V-O相关缺陷的红外研究

应用兀FTIR技术研究了1.5 MeV不同剂量电子辐照直拉硅(CZ-si)的V-O缺陷在不同温度热处理时的行为.发现随着辐照剂量的增加,间隙氧的吸收峰不断下降,而VO(830 cm-1)强度迅速增加,并且其退火温度随辐照剂量的增加而升高,伴随830 cm-1峰的出现,在860 cm-1处出现一弱的吸收峰,两者有着相似的退火行为.VO0(830 cm-1)与样品中的初始间隙氧含量无关.400℃热处理,出现了889cm-1对应的复合体VO2,其形成主要在退火初期,该峰强度不随退火时间发生变化,但与初始氧含量有关.     

热处理对掺镓直拉单晶硅中缺陷及少子寿命的影响

抑制p型单晶硅太阳能电池的光致衰减现象是光伏科技领域的热点和难点。掺镓直拉硅单晶工艺的突破以及在晶硅电池上的应用破解了这一难题,成功地抑制光致衰减。因为镓原子与硼原子共价半径的差异以及在太阳能电池制备过程中单晶硅片仍会经历不同条件的热处理,所以探究不同热处理条件对掺镓单晶硅中缺陷以及少子寿命的影响是非常有必要的。本文使用专利工艺技术制备掺镓硅单晶,并对掺硼和掺镓两种不同单晶硅片进行不同温度和时间的退火实验,对比分析不同样品的氧含量和少子寿命。结果发现:退火温度的升高、时间的延长以及预热处理都会降低两种硅片中的间隙氧含量以及少子寿命,同时促进了两组硅片中氧沉淀的形成。通过两组不同硅片对比表明,在相同条件下的退火处理,原子半径差异导致掺镓硅单晶硅的间隙氧含量下降速度更快,易形成更多的氧沉淀。     

轻/重水堆中子辐照氢区熔硅退火特性的比较

用电阻率测量、金相观察以及红外光谱等方法分别研究了氢区熔硅单晶在轻水反应堆和重水反应堆进行中子辐照后的退火特性。电阻率退火曲线表明，两种中子辐照样品都存在氢致施主。随着退火温度由低到高，轻水堆辐照样品存在一个导电类型由ｐ型到ｎ型的转型过程，而且在这种转型过程中，有一个明显的“周边滞后”现象。在重水堆辐照样品中，热处理缺陷表现为氢致Φ型缺陷（大麻坑），而在轻水堆辐照样品中，热处理缺陷表现为尺寸小得多的氢沉淀。红外光谱测量结果表明，重水堆中子辐照的样品经短时退火后观察不到氧沉淀，而在轻水堆辐照样品中存在吸收峰在１２３０ｃｍ－１附近的氧沉淀。     

热处理对非掺杂半绝缘GaAs本征缺陷和电特性的影响

在950℃和1120℃温度下,对非掺杂（ND）半绝缘（SI）液封直拉（LEC）GaAs单晶进行了不同砷气压条件的热处理,研究了热处理对本征缺陷和电特性的影响。在950℃和低砷压条件下进行14h热处理,可在样品中引入本征受主缺陷并导致体霍尔迁移率大幅度下降和体电阻率明显增加。这些受主缺陷的产生是由于高温和低砷压条件下GaAs晶体中发生砷间隙原子的外扩散,提高热处理过程中的砷气压。可以抑制这些受主缺陷的产生和电参数的变化,真空条件下,在1120℃热处理2-8h并快速冷却后,可使样品中的主要施主缺陷EL2浓度下降近一个数量级,提高热处理过程中的砷气压,可以抑制EL2浓度下降,这种抑制作用是由于高温,高砷压条件下GaAs晶体发生了砷间隙原子的内扩散。     

辐照温度对SUS316L不锈钢中二次缺陷及肿胀的影响

利用超高压电子显微镜分别在350、400、450以及500 ℃下对SUS316L奥氏体不锈钢进行剂量为3.6 dpa的电子束辐照,通过观察和分析辐照后样品中的空洞和位错环数量密度以及肿胀率,讨论了不同温度下电子束辐照对材料肿胀率的影响。结果表明,不同温度下,样品中都产生二次缺陷,如位错环和空洞;空洞引起辐照肿胀;在350～450 ℃范围内,肿胀率随着温度升高而增加,并在450 ℃达到最高;450 ℃后,肿胀率降低。不同温度下,两种二次缺陷对于点缺陷的尾闾强度不同,肿胀率与位错环、空洞在显微组织中所占比例有关。试验研究辐照肿胀率与二次缺陷间的关系,为进一步理解辐照肿胀机理、寻求抑制辐照肿胀的方法提供依据。     

电子辐照对9Cr- ODS钢中氧化物稳定性的影响

利用超高压电子显微镜系统在450、500和550 ℃下对9Cr- ODS铁素体/马氏体钢（F/M钢）进行了电子束辐照，通过观察和分析辐照前后钢中Y- Ti- O纳米氧化物的形貌及成分变化，对比研究不同温度下电子辐照对氧化物稳定性的影响。结果表明，不同温度下，电子辐照后的氧化物尺寸发生了不同程度的减小现象。辐照前后氧化物尺寸减小率分别为8.51%（450 ℃）、19.38%（500 ℃）和25.99%（550 ℃）；氧化物内铬成分变化程度关系为550 ℃＞500 ℃＞450 ℃。通过分析得出，电子辐照条件下，钢中Y- Ti- O弥散氧化物抑制了材料的辐照肿胀。高能电子轰击以及辐照中产生的过饱和点缺陷的扩散会促使氧化物中溶质原子移动，从而造成了氧化物尺寸的减小。温度的增加提高了空位的扩散速率，加速了氧化物尺寸的减小。研究9Cr- ODS钢在电子辐照下的损伤行为有助于探究氧化物辐照损伤机理，为后期控制和减少9Cr- ODS钢辐照损伤现象提供依据。     

热处理对Gd0.99V0.01合金的绝热温变的影响

本文用真空电弧熔炼炉制备Gd0．99V001合金,在不同热处理条件下（900℃、1000℃、1100℃、1200℃,保温2h）进行真空退火处理后,对其绝热温变进行了研究。结果表明热处理温度对样品绝热温变有影响,经1200℃温度退火处理后的合金的最大绝热温变最高,可达2．69K;经退火处理后的合金居理温度比纯Gd略有增加,并随着退火温度的增加而减小;经1200℃温度退火处理后的Gd099V001合金的相对磁制冷能力RCT（T）比纯Gd高,有望成为一种较好的室温低场磁制冷工质。     

NTD Cz—Si中辐照缺陷的控制与利用

本文研究了直拉硅单晶和中子嬗变掺杂直拉硅单晶在1000℃、1100℃和1200℃不同恒温时间的退火行为,发现NTD CZ-Si在1100℃、4h退火即可完成内吸杂(IG)处理,并进行了简单的解释。     

碳离子辐照对纯钨组织结构及表面硬度的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及纳米压痕仪研究了700℃下碳离子辐照对钨的表面形貌、组织结构和表面硬度的影响。结果表明,碳离子辐照会导致样品表面出现辐照蚀坑,且随着辐照剂量的增加,辐照蚀坑尺寸变大。碳离子辐照在样品内部产生了大量位错环,且随辐照剂量增加,位错环数密度和尺寸均增大。碳离子辐照使钨表面发生严重的辐照硬化效应,样品表面硬度随辐照剂量增加明显增大。当辐照剂量达到8.0 dpa时,钨表面平均硬度达到15.85 GPa。辐照产生的位错环是辐照硬化的主要原因。     

钒合金的电子辐照损伤研究

在室温(20℃)和高温(450℃)下,使用1 m V-高压透射电子显微镜(TEM)原位观察了V-4Cr-4Ti合金微观组织结构的演化和点缺陷团簇行为。原位电子辐照诱导Ti-C-O析出物发生分解,并引入缺陷团簇。这些缺陷团簇捕获电子辐照引入的点缺陷,随着辐照剂量的增加而单调长大。分析这些缺陷团簇平均尺寸与辐照剂量的依赖关系发现:当辐照剂量高于1 dpa时,缺陷团簇的长大速率小于辐照剂量低于0.5 dpa时的速率,说明V-4Cr-4Ti合金中缺陷团簇的长大速率随着辐照剂量的增加而减小。167℃下,运用电子加速器对V-4Cr-4Ti合金进行了离位电子辐照实验,采用小冲杆实验法(SPT)对电子辐照前后V-4Cr-4Ti合金样品进行了力学性能测试。发现相比于未经电子辐照的钒合金样品,经过电子辐照的钒合金样品开始发生塑性形变的位移减少了0.04 mm,说明经过电子辐照后,合金发生了延性损失,塑性降低。随着电子辐照剂量的增加,钒合金样品的最大断裂载荷和断裂韧性均单调增加。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)