四轴数控重磨球头立铣刀端刃的实现问题研究

球头立铣刀的应用越来越广泛，其质量好坏直接影响到加工对象的表面质量、精度及加工效率。目前，刀具用户对球头立铣刀用钝后的重新修磨，依靠手工进行，其精度无法保证，如何有效解决它的修磨问题十分迫切。本文从工作实际出发，就如何进行快速、准确、高质量的刀具修磨工艺和编程技术进行研究，对具体地如何实现球头立铣刀端刃的重磨和夹具设计问题进行讨论。     

New mathematical method for the determination of cutter runout parameters in flat-end milling

The cutting force prediction is essential to optimize the process parameters of machining such as feed rate optimization, etc. Due to the significant influences of the runout effect on cutting force variation in milling process, it is necessary to incorporate the cutter runout parameters into the prediction model of cutting forces. However, the determination of cutter runout parameters is still a challenge task until now. In this paper, cutting process geometry models, such as uncut chip thickness and pitch angle, are established based on the true trajectory of the cutting edge considering the cutter runout effect. A new algorithm is then presented to compute the cutter runout parameters for flat-end mill utilizing the sampled data of cutting forces and derived process geometry parameters. Further, three-axis and five-axis milling experiments were conducted on a machining centre, and resulting cutting forces were sampled by a three-component dynamometer. After computing the corresponding cutter runout parameters, cutter forces are simulated embracing the cutter runout parameters obtained from the proposed algorithm. The predicted cutting forces show good agreements with the sampled data both in magnitude and shape, which validates the feasibility and effectivity of the proposed new algorithm of determining cutter runout parameters and the new way to accurately predict cutting forces. The proposed method for computing the cutter runout parameters provides the significant references for the cutting force prediction in the cutting process.     

Theoretical modelling of cutting forces in helical end milling with cutter runout

A theoretical cutting force model for helical end milling with cutter runout is developed using a predictive machining theory, which predicts cutting forces from the input data of workpiece material properties, tool geometry and cutting conditions. In the model, a helical end milling cutter is discretized into a number of slices along the cutter axis to account for the helix angle effect. The cutting action for a tooth segment in the first slice is modelled as oblique cutting with end cutting edge effect and tool nose radius effect, whereas the cutting actions of other slices are modelled as oblique cutting without end cutting edge effect and tool nose radius effect. The influence of cutter runout on chip load is considered based on the true tooth trajectories. The total cutting force is the sum of the forces at all the cutting slices of the cutter. The model is verified with experimental milling tests.     

数控铣床轨迹处理研究

根据全自动数控铣床中内铣、外铣轨迹的差异,阐述如何正确生成铣刀运行轨迹的方法,并给出不同情况下轨迹生成的算法。系统经投入实际运行表明,提出的方法和给出的算法是正确的。     

数控铣削刀具半径补偿的应用研究

阐述数控铣削加工过程中刀具半径补偿的意义和过程.研究刀具半径补偿编程的核心问题是刀具起始点和退刀点的选择,并介绍在平面坐标内刀具起始点和退刀点的四种选择方法,以及在深度方向刀具进给的三种方法.     

Improved tooth trajectory model for prediction of milled surface geometry

The prediction on surface roughness and surface geometry in peripheral milling operation is a crucial but tedious task. The current researches concerned are almost based on circular tooth trajectory assumption to simplify analysis and modeling, and some models derived from true tooth trajectory are not concise enough or have certain limitation when put into practice. A novel idea on account of the principle of curvature circle approximation to true tooth path curve in cutting contact point nearby is presented, and the relevant mathematical theory is established. Then by means of specific curvature circles, mathematical models and analysis methods of surface roughness are discussed systematically, which cover two situations—cutting with and without runout effect. The validity and superiority of the models are demonstrated by experimental studies and numerical simulations. Finally, based on the suggested models and analytical methods, the effects of runout, feed rate, and cutter geometry on surface roughness and geometry are studied in depth, and several significant mathematical formulas and quantitative conclusions are reached, which would contribute to the theory of milled surface studies.     

刀具和工件的子系统动态特性对铣削稳定性的影响

针对目前铣削稳定性研究的状况,建立一个新的动力学模型,该模型同时考虑刀具子系统和工件子系统的动态特性,并借助MATLAB/Simulink软件开发了一个仿真模型,通过仿真实验和铣削实验,研究如何改善铣削稳定性,并发现通过改变刀具子系统和工件子系统刚度的相互关系可以起到抑制颤振的目的。     

高效干式切法盘形齿轮铣刀铣削力的研究

利用干式盘形成形齿轮铣刀在铣齿机上加工齿轮是提高齿轮加工效率有效途径。铣削力是其中的关键因素。研究了齿轮铣削中的顺铣和逆铣两种工艺方法,推导了铣削力计算公式。实验验证,计算的铣削力与实际铣削力基本吻合,该铣削力计算公式可以为铣削工艺选择提供参考。     

盘形齿轮铣刀渐开线齿形数控磨削仿真研究

对盘形齿轮铣刀渐开线齿形的数控磨削加工进行仿真:根据渐开线设计的理论公式,提出了参数化设计方法,给出了机床坐标变换矩阵、刀位补偿及渐开线齿形坐标计算公式;给出了利用西门子840D数控系统的渐开线插补功能实现的仿真实例。     

发动机汽缸盖半圆槽数控铣床的研究

摩托车发动机汽缸盖安装曲轴的孔为半圆槽,其两端不通,孔径和深度精度要求高。设计专用的双主轴数控卧式铣床,用半球头铣刀经过粗、精铣削二道加工工序来加工半圆槽。合理设计铣刀的加工线路,达到减少辅助时间,提高生产效率,满足零件加工精度的要求。     

高速加工铣刀结构参数研究

针对高速加工过程中铣刀产生的振动进行了研究,利用有限元软件对不同结构铣刀模型进行了模态分析。分析表明:随铣刀齿数的增加,其固有频率越低,越易引起共振;相同齿数情况下,一阶和二阶铣刀固有频率接近,而之后的各阶固有频率相差很大;切削载荷对铣刀固有频率影响不大。     

Feedrate optimization for variant milling process based on cutting force prediction

Machining process modeling, simulation and optimization is one of the kernel technologies for virtual manufacturing (VM). Optimization based on physical simulation (in contrast to geometrical simulation) will bring better control of a machining process, especially to a variant cutting process – a cutting process so complex that cutting parameters, such as cutting depth and width, change with cutter positions. In this paper, feedrate optimization based on cutting force prediction for milling process is studied. It is assumed that cutting path segments are divided into micro-segments according to a given computing step. Heuristic methods are developed for feedrate optimization. Various practical constraints of a milling system are considered. Feedrates at several segments or micro-segments are determined together but not individually to make milling force satisfy constraints and approach an optimization objective. After optimization, an optimized cutting location data file is outputted. Some computation examples are given to show the optimization effectiveness. This revised version was published online in October 2004 with a correction to the issue number.     

基于BP神经网络的铣削力仿真技术研究

应用人工神经网络技术建立了铣削力仿真的BP网络模型。通过正交试验,获取训练样本,并对网络进行了训练。最后将网络预测结果与实验数据进行比较和误差分析,证明了人工神经网络能够准确地预测铣削力的大小。     

顺逆铣对表面粗糙度影响的轨迹包络几何分析和实验验证

顺铣和逆铣作为铣削加工中的两种铣削方法被广泛地使用,通常认为:精加工用顺铣,粗加工用逆铣,顺铣能获得较好的表面粗糙度和几何精度。通过对立铣刀侧铣平面、凸凹圆弧面时,刀具旋转运动和进给运动的轨迹包络几何,计算出顺铣、逆铣时不同的残留高度,得到逆铣加工得到的表面粗糙度优于顺铣。然后通过实验:采用顺铣和逆铣两种方法对平面、凸凹圆弧面进行加工,对表面粗糙度进行对比和数据分析也证实了逆铣加工得到的表面粗糙度要优于顺铣。     

Tool trajectory generation based on tool deflection effects in flat-end milling process(I)

The objective of this paper is to deal with the deflection effects of cutting tools. Deflection is an important factor in obtaining accurate surfaces in milling operations. We have tried to integrate tool deflection effects for tool path generation in flat-end milling without modifying the cutting conditions. To carry out our objective, a tool path compensation methodology is presented. The cutting forces are modeled on the specific cutting pressureK _T andK _R, determined experimentally. The calculations of tool deflection by both the Finite Element Method and the Cantilever Beam Model are compared and integrated in the tool path compensation process. An experimental example is presented to illustrate and verify our approach proposed in this paper. As a result, it can be seen that the proposed approach can be implemented into real-life situations effectively.     

大型齿圈铣削表面质量研究

为提高大型齿圈铣削加工的齿面质量,对盘形铣刀铣齿加工进行实验研究。通过3因素3水平的正交试验分析铣齿参数（铣削转速、轴向进给速度、径向切深）对铣削力矩的影响规律;并以齿面粗糙度、硬度及残余应力为齿面质量指标,研究铣齿参数对各指标的影响规律。最终在选择的铣齿参数范围内,以齿面质量为指标,利用极差分析和方差分析确定了铣齿参数的最优组合。     

一种基于AUTOCAD的快速计算平面图形几何性质的方法

提出了一种基于AUTOCAD软件计算平面图形几何性质的方法，为机械设计时计算形心、惯性矩、惯性积等参数提供了一个捷径。     

基于切削层形状的动态铣削力试验研究及建模

选取轴向切深、每齿进给量、径向切深和主轴转速为试验因素,采用YDX-Ⅲ9702型压电式铣削测力仪,进行了动态铣削力正交实验。针对立铣刀侧铣加工,研究了单刃铣削的临界条件,为设计试验方案提供了理论依据。结合铣削过程,采用角度积分方法求解铣削力模型,避免了轴向积分的繁琐计算。精确地建立了简捷且适应性强的基于切削层形状的动态铣削力预测模型,模型的仿真结果和试验数据相吻合。     

基于人工神经网络的铣削参数优化

探讨了金属切削加工的优化问题.并以铣削为例,建立最高生产率为目标的数学模型,通过人工神经网络的方法进行优化.通过实例表明,用人工神经网络优化方法可降低加工成本和提高劳动生产率.