普通硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合胶凝体系水化性能和机理研究

对普通硅酸盐(P·O)-硫铝酸盐(R·SAC)复合胶凝体系的凝结时间、胶砂强度进行了分析,利用等温量热仪、综合热分析仪(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等从水化速率及水化产物微观形貌等方面分析了复合胶凝体系的水化机理。结果表明:当R·SAC掺量约为10%时,复合胶凝体系的凝结时间相比P·O明显缩短,早期强度提高幅度较大,同时也能获得较大幅度的后期强度增长,力学性能较纯组分水泥性能优越。复合胶凝体系的早期水化速率和放热量高于单组分水泥。随着R·SAC的掺入,复合胶凝体系的水化产物中钙矾石(AFt)增多,Ca(OH)₂晶体减少,且AFt的生成量越多,越有利于早期强度的发展,当R·SAC掺量超过30%时,Ca(OH)₂消失。     

环保型石膏-水泥-火山灰胶凝体系的早期水化过程研究

应用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)及热流仪研究了组分、水化环境对环保型石膏-水泥-火山灰胶凝体系(Gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder system,GCP)早期水化过程的影响。结果表明,胶凝体系水化后产物主要由钙矾石、生石膏、羟钙石、方解石以及非晶态CSH凝胶组成。随着水化龄期的延长,钙矾石的含量增加,而生石膏的含量减少。高效减水剂的掺入延缓了GCP胶凝体系的初期水化(0~70h)。在原料中加入偏高岭土可以促进钙矾石的生成;而加入硅微粉则会抑制钙矾石的生成。羟钙石仅可在水化开始后的第一周内测得,之后会由于火山灰反应而被消耗。水中养护促进钙矾石的生成,阻碍试样与二氧化碳的接触,使得方解石的含量大幅下降。     

赤泥-煤矸石基中钙体系胶凝材料的水化特性*

采用XRD、IR、TG-DTA、MIP等手段表征赤泥-煤矸石基中钙体系胶凝材料的水化产物及其硬化浆体的孔结构, 研究了解赤泥-煤矸石基中钙体系胶凝材料的水化特性。结果表明, 赤泥-煤矸石基中钙体系胶凝材料的水化产物主要有C-S-H凝胶、钙矾石和Ca(OH)₂, 前两者对其强度的发展有促进作用; 水化1 d至90 d其中Ca(OH)₂的含量呈先升高后降低的趋势; 随着水化反应的进行在CaO/SiO₂比值较低的赤泥-煤矸石基中钙体系胶凝材料中Si-OH基团之间发生聚合反应, 水化产物的聚合度升高; CaO/SiO₂比值为0.95和1.04的赤泥-煤矸石基中钙体系胶凝材料的硬化浆体具有较好的孔结构, 而CaO/SiO₂比值为1.13的胶凝材料硬化浆体的孔结构相对较差。     

基于中心粒子水化模型的水泥水化动力学研究

在K.B.Park提出的中心粒子水化模型的基础上,考虑内、外部水化产物的具体特征以及自由水与水化产物接触相界面积的减小导致水泥水化速率减小这2个因素,建立硅酸盐水泥的微观水化模型,并用于预测水化速率随水化程度的变化关系。结果表明,在水泥的整个水化过程中,修正的微观水化模型都能够更真实地反应水泥水化速率与水化程度变化的关系。     

超细镁渣微粉-水泥复合胶凝材料的性能及水化机理

镁合金被誉为“21世纪绿色工程金属结构材料”,我国皮江法炼镁所得镁渣规模庞大、亟待解决,制备建筑材料是消纳镁渣的重要渠道,但国内外相关研究屈指可数,且普遍以镁渣耦合其他固废及水泥制备复合胶凝材料为主,鲜有针对镁渣-水泥简单体系的细致研究,故镁渣水化及其对水泥水化的影响机制尚未明确。本工作通过探究超细镁渣微粉-水泥复合胶凝材料(MS-C)新拌浆体和硬化浆体的性能、组成及结构演化规律,分析超细镁渣微粉对MS-C水化进程的影响机制,进一步揭示镁渣-水泥的协同水化机理。镁渣中的硅酸二钙以低活性γ-C₂S为主,超细粉磨是发挥其填充效应的关键途径,掺入30%的超细镁渣粉使水泥中1 000 nm以上孔含量由7.98%降低至6.83%。在减水剂作用下,MS-C浆体的流动性随超细镁渣微粉掺量的增大而增大,在无减水剂时其作用相反。低掺量超细镁渣微粉的水化及弱胶凝作用可增大其填充效应对强度的贡献,并促进Ca(OH)₂和C-S-H凝胶的生成,使得低超细镁渣微粉掺量的MS-C获得优于纯水泥的28 d力学性能。本研究获得了超细镁渣微粉-水泥水化特性的基础结论,为提高镁渣...     

铅锌渣生态胶凝材料的制备及水化特性研究

铅锌冶炼渣经高温熔融,水淬急冷会形成玻璃形态物料,在碱性条件下具有一定的活性,可用于生产建材掺合料和胶凝材料.以铅锌渣为主原料,添加少量水氯镁石、钙基固废和水泥作为激发剂,成功制备了铅锌渣生态胶凝材料.通过电子万能试验机、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了胶凝材料的力学性能和水化产物特征;通过正交试验的方法研究了胶凝材料力学...     

稻壳灰在水泥混凝土中的综合应用研究

作为一种具有潜在资源属性的废弃物,稻壳灰的综合利用具有重要的环保和经济意义。从开发绿色高性能混凝土的角度出发,就稻壳灰的性质及其在水泥混凝土中的综合应用研究进行了详细的综述和分析,重点论述了稻壳灰对水泥混凝土工作性、力学性能及耐久性能等的影响,以期为该领域的相关研究提供参考。     

三元复合胶凝体系中硅灰和粉煤灰反应程度的确定

采用选择性溶解法和非蒸发水量法定量研究了不同龄期、不同掺量水泥-硅灰-粉煤灰三元复合胶凝体系中矿物掺合料的反应进程。用同细度同掺量的惰性石英粉替代粉煤灰以消除粉煤灰的稀释效应和异核成核效应,得到三元复合胶凝体系中硅灰的反应程度;根据三元复合胶凝体系中矿物掺合料的整体反应程度,计算了粉煤灰的反应程度。结果表明,硅灰的火山灰反应在复合胶凝体系水化1 d时就已经开始,并呈现早期快而后期慢的特点;而粉煤灰的火山灰效应,在7 d以后才开始并加快。在三元复合胶凝体系中,硅灰和粉煤灰的反应程度均随着粉煤灰掺量的提高而降低。     

低温稻壳灰可控制备及复合水泥研究

采用可控式低温稻壳灰制备装置研究了各种因素对稻壳灰产品的影响;X射线及SEM表征表明,制得的低温稻壳灰为无定形态,且颗粒粒度范围为50～100nm.将低温稻壳灰作为水泥掺合料,与硅灰和粉煤灰对比得到:低温稻壳灰对混凝土强度具有明显的提高效用;当水灰比一定,低温稻壳灰掺入量小于20%(质量分数)时,硅灰与稻壳灰的增强效果相近,可以用稻壳灰代替硅灰.     

利用红外和核磁技术分析矿渣硅酸盐复合胶凝材料的水化产物

采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和高分辨29Si固体核磁共振技术(NMR),研究了不同水化龄期的水泥-矿渣复合胶凝硬化浆体的微观结构。结果表明:纯硅酸盐水泥随着水化时间的增长,水化程度变大,聚合度增加,生成更多的长链水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶;矿渣硅酸盐水泥试样水化早期主要生成二聚体凝胶,随着龄期增长,逐渐转变为长链型凝胶,平均链长逐渐增加;随着矿渣掺量的增加,激发矿渣所需时间增长,早期Q~2(1Al)很少,但随着龄期延长,矿渣逐渐被激发,C-A-S-H凝胶变多。     

Porosity and water permeability of rice husk ash-blended cement composites reinforced with bamboo pulp

Cellulose fibres have already been applied commercially as an alternative to asbestos in fibre-cements composites. In spite of their industrial scale production for more than 20 years, these composites still require much research efforts, which focus mainly on durability aspects. The influence of the most relevant deterioration mechanisms can be minimized if mineral admixtures with high pozzolanic activity replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The improvements then achieved are due to the decrease in Ca(OH)₂ content and the more compact matrix and interfaces in the composite. In this respect, rice husk ash (RHA) is one of the most promising materials to be applied as a partial cement replacement in the cellulose-reinforced cement-based composites. This is due to the high active silica content of the ash and the widespread availability of the husks. To assess the influences of different chemical compositions of RHA, and the effects of autoclave curing on the pore characteristics of bamboo-pulp-reinforced cement composites, a comparative study was carried out in which pore characteristics were assessed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Complementarily, the effects exerted by changes in the pore structure of the composites on their water permeability are evaluated by analytical and experimental approaches. It was observed that the incorporation of RHA in the composites could cause an extensive pore refinement in the matrix and in the interface layer, thereby decreasing water permeability. The results indicate that partial replacement of cement by RHA can improve the durability characteristics of cellulose–cement composites.     

利用BP网络建立稻壳制备高纯纳米SiO2数学模型

为降低纳米SiO2的制备成本,以稻壳为原料,经盐酸预处理、高温燃烧,成功制得了高纯纳米SiO2.通过正交实验和BP神经网络系统研究盐酸体积分数、燃烧温度和燃烧时间的变化对SiO2纯度的影响规律,并采用XRD、FT-IR、BET及FE-SEM对所得到的SiO2样品进行表征.研究表明:影响SiO2纯度的主次因素依次为燃烧温...     

稻壳/高密度聚乙烯复合材料与稻壳炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能对比

采用挤出法制备稻壳/高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料。利用SEM、XRD对稻壳/HDPE和稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料进行表征,并对其力学性能和抗蠕变性能进行测试对比。结果表明,稻壳和HDPE之间的结合方式与稻壳炭和HDPE之间的结合方式存在根本性的差异,稻壳/HDPE复合材料表现为稻壳被HDPE所包裹,稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料表现为HDPE嵌入稻壳炭的孔隙中;稻壳和稻壳炭的加入都会影响HDPE基复合材料的结晶峰强度,但不会对其微晶结构产生影响;无论是抗弯强度、拉伸强度还是抗蠕变强度,稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料都远远强于稻壳/HDPE复合材料。     

Silicon carbide materials obtained from rice husk

Thermal processing of a rice husk sol in air at T≥750°C leads to the phase transformation of amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO₂) into crystobalite (type B samples). Thermal treatment of the same sol at T≈ 1400 °C in a closed graphite crucible leads to the formation of a mixture comprising hexagonal SiC phases and graphite (type A samples). Unannealed type A samples showed high refractory properties, being stable up to 1650°C. Using kaolin binder in silicon carbide articles leads to a decrease in the material refractoriness.     

Creep analysis of concrete containing rice husk ash

This paper presents an experimental study on the mechanical properties of concrete added with rice husk ash (RHA) as a supplementary cementitious material. The compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and creep were obtained experimentally from specimens with different RHA contents (0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of binder). The results show that the addition of RHA in concrete can improve both the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity and reduce the creep of concrete. The examination of pore micro-structure of hardened concrete using both the mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscope techniques demonstrates that RHA particles can react with calcium hydroxide originated from cement hydration to produce additional C-S-H, which can fill voids and large pores and thus reduces the porosity related to capillary pores and voids. In addition, the release of absorbed water, which is retained in the small pores of RHA particles at early days, can improve cement hydration and thus reduce the porosity related to gel pores.     

稻壳基白炭黑的制备研究

以炭化稻壳为原料,Na2CO3为活化剂,采用沉淀法对稻壳基白炭黑的制备工艺进行了研究.结果表明沉淀法制备白炭黑的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度100℃,Na2CO3溶液浓度为13％(w/w),稻壳灰与Na2CO3溶液质量配比为1:40,反应时间4h,提取率可以达到93％以上.整个工艺流程中,Na2CO3溶液循环回用,有利于工业化放大,产品的相关质量检测均符合国家标准.     

Optimum production conditions for reactive rice husk ash

Addition of pozzolanic admixtures generally enhances the performance of concrete and in particular the durability. If rice husk ash (RHA) is incinerated in controlled conditions, it can exhibit high pozzolanicity. Significant amount of work has already been reported on the production methodologies of reactive RHA. However, the optimum conditions which will result in highly reactive amorphous ash with minimum production energy have not yet been established. In the present experimental work, RHA samples are produced under various conditions of incineration using laboratory box furnace. Energy consumption has been examined in this study. Reactivity of ash has been established by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic study (SEM), analytical method and conductometric test. RHA-OPC reactivity has also been studied in this work. Based on the experimental investigations on fineness, amorphous silica content, energy consumption and reactivity of ash, the optimum production conditions of reactive RHA have been identified.     

Nano filter from sintered rice husk silica membrane

A nano filter showing the Knudsen flow was demonstrated by a modification of a membrane constructed from rice husk silica. The membrane was prepared by pressing and sintering micron sized rice husk silica with 4 nm pores. The membrane showed a permeability of 5.2 x 10(-8) mol m(-1) sec(-1) Pa(-1) for H2 and ratios of gas permeability 2.1 and 3.2 for k(H2)/k(CH4) and k(H2)/k(CO2), respectively. When the membrane was treated by filtration of approximately 100 nm sized rice husk silica particles, the permeability decreased to 4.9 x 10(-8) mol m(-1) sec(-1) Pa(-1) and the ratios increased to 2.2 and 3.4. In the case of the membrane after treatments with the dispersion and chemical deposition of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), the corresponding permeability and ratios of the membrane were 1.8 x 10(-8) mol m(-1) sec(-1) Pa(-1), and 2.9 and 4.5, respectively. From the change of the ratio of gas permeability for the membrane with modifications, it is suggested that approximately 100 nm sized rice husk silica particles pack the large pores among the micron sized rice husk silica particles while the chemical deposition of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) reveals the gas flow through 4 nm pores in the rice husk silica by blocking large pores.     

Silica nanoparticles and frameworks from rice husk biomass

Biogenic silica nanoparticles (25-30 nm in diameter) were synthesized from rice husks. The characterizations revealed that the silica nanoparticles were composed of smaller primary particles (ca. 4.2 nm in diameter), and their clustering led to a porous structure with a surface area of 164 m(2)/g. Under the controlled melting catalyzed by K(+), such silica nanoparticle clusters can gradually fuse to form semicrystalline porous silica frameworks with tunable pore size and structural integrity.