磁性海藻生物炭制备及高效去除水中甲基橙的应用

采用原位沉淀法制备磁性海藻生物炭复合材料，考察复合材料对水中偶氮染料甲基橙的吸附/氧化去除效果，利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶交换红外光谱、N₂吸附脱附仪、X射线衍射仪和磁强计等对复合材料进行表征，考察材料投加量、H₂O₂投加量、pH和温度等条件对去除效果的影响。实验结果表明，复合材料孔隙发达，比表面积达到388.56 m²/g，具有超顺磁性，磁化强度为31.38 emu/g；复合材料去除甲基橙的最佳条件：材料投加量为5 mg,H₂O₂投加量为50μL，初始pH为3，温度为35℃。磁性海藻生物炭复合材料去除甲基橙表现出催化降解和吸附的协同作用，甲基橙的去除率可达99.4%。制备的磁性海藻生物炭复合材料具有稳定、易磁分离和重复利用性好的优点，有开发成为新型水处理剂的潜力。     

污泥基生物炭制备及其对活性黑5染料的吸附研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料制备生物炭是富有潜力的剩余污泥资源化途径。利用剩余污泥制备了生物炭，将其用于处理废水中的有机染料活性黑5,通过调整制备工艺参数，考察了粒径、反应温度和投加量对污泥基生物炭吸附性能的影响，并对其结构和形貌进行了研究，结果表明：原料污泥粒径、反应温度对污泥基生物炭吸附性能均有明显影响，最佳制备工艺条件为采用0.074 nm(200目)粒径污泥颗粒、反应温度450℃经马弗炉焚烧制取；污泥基生物炭投加量为7 g/L时，对50 mg/L模拟废水中活性黑5染料的去除率可达到79.66%,吸附量为5.7 mg/g,对100 mg/L模拟废水中活性黑5染料的去除率可达到68.76%,吸附量为9.8 mg/g。     

松木层孔菌生物炭的制备及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

以松木层孔菌菌渣为原料制备生物炭,并将其应用于甲基橙水溶液的吸附.研究了生物炭用量、吸附温度、吸附时间和超声功率对松木层孔菌生物炭吸附性能的影响,并通过热重分析、比表面积及孔径分析和傅里叶红外光谱分析揭示了松木层孔菌生物炭吸附性能与其结构的关系.结果表明:在超声辅助作用下,生物炭用量对松木层孔菌生物炭吸附甲基橙效果的影响最大;氯化锌改性松木层孔菌生物炭吸附能力比未改性的要好,其主要原因是改性松木层孔菌生物炭因其多孔结构具有更大的比表面积,而且表面官能团种类和数量更加丰富.     

Ag-rGO复合材料的制备及其甲基橙吸附性能研究

采用Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),再以乙二醇和乙二胺为溶剂和还原剂,采用水热法合成了Ag掺杂还原氧化石墨烯(Ag-rGO)复合材料,并对其吸附甲基橙(MO)的性能进行了研究。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外分光光度计(UV-Vis)等手段,对所制备的样品进行了表征。为了进一步研究Ag-rGO复合材料对甲基橙的吸附机理,考察了Ag掺杂量、甲基橙溶液pH、初始浓度、吸附时间和吸附温度等因素对Ag-rGO复合材料吸附甲基橙性能的影响。实验结果显示,Ag-rGO复合材料对甲基橙的吸附,更符合langmuir吸附等温模型,为化学吸附。在318K时,最大单层吸附量为75.87mg·g^-1,表明Ag-rGO复合材料具有较好的吸附性能。动力学研究结果表明,该吸附过程符合准二级动力学和内扩散模型,甲基橙的吸附速率不仅与Ag-rGO复合材料表面的官能团有关,也与它的孔道结构相关。     

污泥基生物炭的制备及其碘吸附值测试

污泥炭化制备生物炭是目前较有发展前景的一种污泥资源化利用处理方式。本研究以深圳固戍污水处理厂脱水污泥为实验原料,研究了碳化温度、碳化时间、污泥活化温度、活化剂种类和活化剂硫酸掺杂量对所得污泥基生物炭碘吸附值的影响。综合考虑吸附性能和经济性,得出污泥基生物炭最佳的制备条件为:污泥用体积比为3︰2的1 M H_2SO_4︰5 M ZnCl_2活化剂80℃下水浴加热活化24 h后,在550℃下炭化1h。所得污泥基生物炭的碘吸附值最大,为548.65 mg/g。     

多孔氨基聚苯乙烯磁性微球的制备及吸附研究

采用悬浮制备法制备了多孔氨基聚苯乙烯磁性微球。用扫描电镜及红外光谱仪等对多孔氨基聚苯乙烯磁性微球进行了表征。考察了甲基橙初始浓度、p H值对多孔氨基苯乙烯磁性微球对甲基橙的吸附性能的影响。结果表明:多孔氨基聚苯乙烯磁性微球对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir吸附方程,吸附的最佳条件为在p H为4.9,温度为30℃。在最佳条件下,吸附30 min可达到吸附饱和,最高吸附率高达95%以上。     

磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺甲基橙吸附性能的研究

采用化学氧化聚合法制备磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺染料吸附剂,研究了pH值、吸附时间和甲基橙染料初始质量浓度对磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺吸附剂甲基橙染料吸附性能的影响,对磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺吸附剂甲基橙吸附过程进行热力学等温线和动力学研究,并对磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺的磁滞性能进行了研究。结果表明,磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺的饱和磁化强度达16.7 emu/g,显示其具有较好的磁响应性能和磁分离性能,90 min甲基橙的吸附趋于平衡,随着甲基橙初始质量浓度的增加,甲基橙的吸附容量呈现不断增大但增幅趋缓的趋势。随着pH值的增加,甲基橙染料的吸附容量呈现不断降低的趋势。磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺甲基橙吸附等温线遵循Freundlich方程,甲基橙吸附动力学满足准二级动力学方程。     

污泥基生物炭处理重金属废水研究进展

简述了污泥基生物炭制备方法和吸附重金属的影响因素以及主要机理，包括物理吸附、静电吸附、离子交换、络合作用以及化学沉淀；介绍了污泥基生物炭改性方法以提高吸附重金属效果；最后对污泥基生物炭的应用进行了展望。     

Fe_3O_4@LDH磁性纳米粒子的制备及吸附性能研究

以Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子为核,通过控制溶液的pH制备了核-壳结构的Fe_3O_4@LDH复合材料。并将该材料作为吸附剂,用甲基橙(MO)来模拟废水染料,研究不同时间和不同浓度的条件下,Fe_3O_4@LDH复合材料对甲基橙溶液的吸附情况。结果表明,Fe_3O_4@LDH磁性复合材料对甲基橙的吸附平衡时间为60 min,最大吸附量为164 mg·g~(-1),吸附效果良好。同时,在外加磁场的作用下实现了快速的固液分离,表明所制备的磁性Fe_3O_4@LDH是一种易于分离的高效吸附剂。     

磁性纳米粒子/污泥基复合材料吸附性能研究进展

随着城市污水处理厂数量和规模的不断发展,污泥的处理与资源化利用成为环保领域的热点问题。制备磁性纳米粒子/污泥基复合材料处理水环境中的污染物是污泥资源化研究的重要方向之一,可达到污泥资源化利用及环境修复的双重目的。综述了磁性纳米粒子/污泥基复合材料的制备方法、吸附实验研究方法、吸附影响因素及吸附机理,并对磁性纳米粒子/污泥基复合材料的发展前景及研究方向进行了展望。     

Removal of lubricants from effluents from Capron production

Conclusions 1. The composition of water obtained after removing lubricant by the aluminate method and further softening scarcely differs at all from that of softened water and can be re-used in industry.2. The flowsheet described enables a closed purification cycle to be built and finishing waste waters to be used; it enables the water consumption for fibre washing to be reduced, the discharge of toxic caprolactam to reservoirs to be discontinued and caprolactam to be recycled.Kiev Combine. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 76–78, July–August, 1969.     

Direct synthesis of LPG from syngas derived from air-POM

Direct synthesis of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from a low-cost syngas derived from partial oxidation of methane with air (air-POM) was investigated over a hybrid catalyst consisting of methanol synthesis catalyst and Pd-modified Y-zeolite. The hybrid catalyst demonstrated a high activity and more than 73% selectivity for LPG fraction. BET, NH₃-TPD and TPO-MS were carried out to study the properties of Pd-Y before and after reaction. The results indicated that coke deposition on Pd-Y was the main contribution to the slow deactivation of hybrid catalyst.     

Differentiation of α-cristobalite from opals in bentonites from Turkey

Because of the similarity of the XRD-patterns, well-ordered opal-C and opal-CT have been misidentified as α-cristobalite in many publications. This is important, because flying α-cristobalite is probably a human carcinogen and the opals are not. The evidence of α-cristobalite in bentonites is hazardous for the human health and reduces their marketing. To distinguish the opal-C and opal-CT from α-cristobalite, the XRD-patterns of bentonites before and after H₃PO₄-digestion (240 °C, 15 min) and heat treatment (1050 °C, 24 h) were evaluated in details. It was seen that the most characteristic XRD-reflection (hkl:101) centered near 0.40 nm for crystalline α-cristobalite and paracrystalline opals disappeared after the digestion and sharpened after the heat treatment. Since the crystallinity of α-cristobalite was not affected from the digestion and the heat treatment, it was concluded that the bentonites contain opal-CT or opal-C in amorphous opal-A matrix, but do not contain α-cristobalite. Since the paracrystallinity increases in order opal-CT and opal-C, the narrowing in full width at half-maximum reflection height (FWHM) 101 must be more for opal-CT than opal-C by heat treatment. Therefore, these opals were distinguished approximately from each other depending on the narrowing in the FWHM of 101 XRD-reflection by heating. Based on this result, it would not be decided that whether bentonites or other clays contain α-cristobalite or not, without performing the H₃PO₄-digestion and heat treatment.     

Amines from aldehydes derived from the ozonization of soybean esters

Investigations were carried out on reductive amination of caproaldehyde, pelargonaldehyde and azelaaldehydate esters, obtainable from ozonolysis of soybean oil products, with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst. A solvent system giving good yields of primary amine while suppressing amide formation was devised. Excess ammonia and homogeneous solutions suppressed secondary amine formation. Nonpolar solvents suppressed ammonolysis. Optimum conditions for reaction varied with the aldehyde. Excellent yields of hexylamine (91%), nonylamine (90%), methyl 9-aminononanoate (92%) and butyl 9-aminononanoate (93%) were obtained from caproaldehyde, pelargonaldehyde, methyl azelaaldehydate and butyl azelaaldehydate, respectively, when aminated in anhydrous ammonia and either cyclohexane or methyl cyclohexane. Presented at the AOCS meeting, Chicago, 1964. A laboratory of the No. Utiliz. Res. and Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

Kinetics of oil generation from oil shale from Liaoning province of China

The intrinsic kinetics of oil generation from 0.124 dm³ kg^?1 Chinese oil shale were determined by a non-isothermal method. Overall first-order kinetics satisfactorily represented the mechanism of kerogen decomposition. The kinetic parameters were determined as 142.8 kJ mol^?1 and 7.495 × 10⁶ s^?1 for activation energy and pre-exponential factor, respectively.     

回收苦荞麦中黄酮提取实验产生的乙醇废液

乙醇作为基础原料之一在社会的很多领域都有着广泛的应用,从苦荞麦提取黄酮的实验中产生了大量的乙醇废液,现拟回收该废液中的乙醇。实验采用普通精馏与共沸精馏相结合的方法将经过成分调整的乙醇废液进行提纯回收,结果表明:在当地大气压力以及室温条件下,先采用普通精馏将废液提纯至95%(质量分数)。再以环己烷为共沸剂,回流比R=3且普通精馏乙醇溶液与环己烷的加入体积比为2∶1时,采用共沸精馏可以获得浓度为99.5%(质量分数)的乙醇,实现乙醇废液中乙醇的回收再利用。     

巢湖蓝藻藻蓝蛋白纯化工艺的优化

目的优化巢湖蓝藻藻蓝蛋白的纯化工艺。方法将新鲜蓝藻藻泥经冻融破壁处理,获得藻蓝蛋白粗提液。采取两步盐析及Cellfine A-500阴离子交换层析结合法进行纯化,并以纯度和回收率为检测指标,对一步盐析摩尔浓度(0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4、1.6 mol/L)及二步盐析摩尔浓度(1.6、1.8、2.0、2.2、2.4 mol/L)、阴离子交换层析缓冲液pH(6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0)、进样浓度(0.418、0.726、1.044、1.288、2.090 mg/L)、洗脱速度(0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3.0 cm/min)及洗脱液盐梯度浓度[(0.08、0.10、1.0)、(0.08、0.15、1.0)、(0.08、0.20、1.0)、(0.08、0.25、1.0)、(0.08、0.30、1.0)mol/L]进行优化。同时采用最适条件纯化3批藻蓝蛋白。结果两步盐析的最适摩尔浓度分别为1.0和1.8 mol/L,阴离子交换层析最适条件为缓冲液p H 7.0,进样浓度为1.0～2.0 mol/L,洗脱流速为2 cm/min,洗脱液盐梯度浓度为0.08、0.20、1.0 mol/L。最适条件纯化的3批藻蓝蛋白纯度可达4.0以上,回收率达11%以上。结论成功优化了巢湖蓝藻藻蓝蛋白的纯化工艺,纯化出了试剂级(纯度4.0以上)的藻蓝蛋白。     

Synthesis of thermoset elastomer from microbial oil derived from the fermentation of sugarcane

In the context of the 21st century, the integration of diverse perspectives within the circular economy framework, encompassing waste management, economic growth, and environmental sustainability, stands out as a paramount challenge. Addressing this challenge, an innovative avenue emerges through the application of microbial oil to replace traditional petroleum in the synthesis of essential commodity chemicals. This groundbreaking study takes a significant step toward this goal by introducing a pioneering polyester material boasting an exceptionally high renewable content. This material is synthesized through melt polycondensation, utilizing a novel primary feedstock derived from the oily residue extracted post-distillation of β-farnesene (FDR). The ingenious approach involves fermenting sugarcane syrup using a genetically engineered yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The outcome of this study reveals the creation of an amorphous polymer with rubber-like attributes. These attributes include a Young's modulus of 3.9 MPa, with a maximum elastic strain and tensile stress values of 185.4% and 510 KPa, respectively, along with distinctive strain-hardening characteristics. Remarkably, this material also exhibits indications of shape memory behavior in a temperature range spanning from −47 to 12°C, as discerned from dynamic mechanical analysis. Evidently, this novel polymer demonstrates exceptional promise in the realm of low-temperature applications. Its intrinsic ability to uphold mechanical integrity, even when subjected to substantial deformations within its service conditions, positions it as an invaluable resource for various components requiring resilience in challenging environments.