盐球渗透铸造法制备开孔泡沫铝的孔结构及压缩性能

使用圆盘造粒机制备近球形的NaCl颗粒,并将其用于渗透铸造制备开孔泡沫铝。盐球的平均抗压缩强度为3.9 MPa,在超声波清洗机中可在5 min内完全塌陷。通过控制热压烧结时间为0.5～2 h,热压温度700℃,可制备堆积密度在0.66～0.83 g/cm³的预制体。延长热压烧结时间会使开孔泡沫铝的孔径从0.48 mm增加到1.16 mm,孔隙率从64%增加到82%。压缩实验结果表明,不同孔隙结构下泡沫体的宏观变形特征基本相同,均表现出逐层塌陷的变形特征。此外,泡沫铝的致密化应变值、弹性模量、平台屈服应力和能量吸收能力均随着孔隙率的增加而降低。当孔隙率为64%时,能量吸收能力最大(15.0 MJ·m^-3)。     

高温固相扩散处理对开孔泡沫Fe-Ni力学性能的影响

采用高温固相扩散处理对开孔泡沫Fe-Ni进行合金化,研究了不同处理温度,不同保温时间对泡沫Fe-Ni压缩性能及能量吸收特性的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对合金化后的泡沫Fe-Ni进行形貌观察,并利用线扫描分析合金化前后两种元素的扩散情况;对合金化前后的泡沫Fe-Ni进行了纳米压痕试验和准静态压缩试验,研究了泡沫Fe-Ni网丝硬度、准静态压缩力学行为及其吸能性。结果表明:经高温固相扩散处理后,泡沫Fe和Ni镀层界面上发生了Fe-Ni的互扩散,形成(Fe,Ni)无限固溶体结构;随着温度升高,保温时间增长,Fe、Ni元素分布更趋于均匀化,泡沫Fe-Ni网丝平均纳米硬度值更高。1200℃高温固相扩散2h后泡沫Fe-Ni平台区应力值增加,平台区长度增加。泡沫Fe-Ni吸能能力整体趋势随应变的增加而线性增大。其中,1200℃高温固相扩散保温2h,泡沫Fe-Ni能量吸收值比合金化前提高了31.9%。     

Mechanical behaviors and energy absorption properties of Y/Cr and Ce/Cr coated open-cell nickel-based alloy foams

In this study,Y-and Ce-modified Cr coatings applied by pack cementation method were prepared on the surface of open-cell nickel-based alloy foam.The morphologies and microstructures of Y-and Ce-modified Cr coatings with various Y and Ce contents were investigated in detail.Then,the effects of Y and Ce addition on the mechanical properties of open-cell nickel-based alloy foams were analyzed and compared.Simultaneously,the energy absorption capacity and energy absorption efficiency of the Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams were discussed and compared at the room and high temperatures.The results show that Cr coatings containing minor amounts of rare earth element(Y and Ce) are well adhered to the nickel-based foam struts.Especially,the microstructure of the 2 wt% Ce-modified Cr coating is denser and uniform.In addition,the compressive strength and plateau stress of Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams firstly increase and then decrease by increasing the Y and Ce contents at room and high temperatures.The energy absorption capacity of Y/Cr and Ce/Cr coated alloy foams increases linearly with the strains increasing.The Ce/Cr coated alloy foams can absorb more energy than Y/Cr coated alloy foams in the plateau and densification regions at room temperature.Compared to those at room temperature,the Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams show higher energy absorption efficiency when deformation within 10%-30% at high temperature.     

石膏型渗流法制备的开孔泡沫铝的压缩行为研究

本文采用可溶石膏型预制块,通过加压渗流的方法制备了泡沫纯铝、泡沫ZL101合金和泡沫ZL102合金,并通过准静态压缩实验研究了3种不同基体材料的泡沫铝的压缩行为及吸能性能.结果表明:通过石膏型渗流法制备的开孔泡沫铝合金的孔隙率可以达到85％～93.5％;泡沫铝基体材料的力学性能对泡沫铝压缩力学性能有重要影响;泡沫ZL1...     

Compressive deformation behavior and energy absorption characteristic of aluminum foam with elastic filler

An open-cell aluminum foam filled with silicate rubber (AFFSR) was fabricated by infiltration of the liquid silicate rubber into the open-cell aluminum foam. The experiments were carried out to investigate the compressive behavior and energy absorption characteristics of the material. It is found that the stress--strain response of the AFFSR exhibits five regions including two plateau regimes, which is quite different from the stress--strain curves of many unfilled metallic foams that usually exhibit three distinct regions. The plastic deformation of the AFFSR is prolonged because of the filled silicate rubber, compared with the aluminum foam without such a filler. The AFFSR also exhibits a higher energy capacity than the aluminum foam without filler. Additionally, for the prolonged plateau region in the stress--strain curve, the energy absorption efficiency of the AFFSR maintains a high level (above 0.6) over a wide strain range from 3% to 60%.     

开孔泡沫铝导电性的研究

本文采用加压渗流方法制备开孔结构的泡沫铝,并通过调整工艺参数改变泡沫铝的孔径和相对密度.采用“直流四端电极”法测量了不同参数泡沫铝的电阻,研究开孔泡沫铝的导电性随其相对密度和孔径的变化规律.实验结果表明：随着相对密度的提高,开孔泡沫铝的电导率增大,且电导率随相对密度的改变呈指数关系变化;当相对密度参数基本相同时,随着泡沫铝孔径的减小,由于在制备过程中产生的结构缺陷增多,其电导性下降.     

Preparation and properties of open-cell zinc foams as human bone substitute material

Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied, and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed. All the compression stress-strain curves of open-cell zinc foams with various cell size(1-4 mm) and porosity(55%-67%) show three stages: elastic stage, plastic stage, and densification stage. The compression strength increases with decreasing density. The smooth stress-strain response indicates a progressively deformation of open-cell zinc foam. In addition, the cell wall or edge bending and fracture are the dominated mechanisms for failure of open cell zinc foam. The immersion test for determining the corrosion rate of open cell zinc foam was conducted in simulated body fluid. It was found that zinc foam with a small cell size and high porosity showed a higher corrosion rate. In addition, open-cell zinc foams can effectively induce Ca-P deposition in immersion tests, showing good bioactivity. Therefore, the open cell zinc foam prepared in this experiment has a good potential application as a human bone substitute material.     

Effects of heat treatment on dynamic compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics of open-cell aluminum alloy foams

1 Introduction In the past few years, there has been a considerable increase in using metal foams for lightmass structural components and energy absorption parts for their wide plateau in the compressive stress-strain curve[1-3]. It has been shown that, e…     

泡沫钛孔隙结构及力学性能

通过挂浆烧结法制备了两种不同孔隙结构的泡沫钛,利用数码相机和扫描电镜对泡沫钛孔隙结构与形貌观特征进行了观察,通过静态的室温压缩试验,测试了泡沫钛的力学性能与吸能特性。研究发现,应用挂浆烧结法制备的泡沫钛继承了先驱体的结构特征,呈三维立体网状结构,且孔棱是非致密的,存在大量的微孔。泡沫钛是应变速率不敏感的,在应变速率3×10_-4s_-1~1×10_-2s_-1范围内,其屈服强度为1.00MPa~2.38MPa,且泡沫钛具有一定的吸能特性,细孔泡沫钛和粗孔泡沫钛的最大吸能量分别为0.78MJ/m₃和0.22MJ/m₃。     

泡沫镁宏微观结构表征及压缩性能研究

针对熔体发泡法制备泡沫镁存在的困难,使用包覆发泡剂及改进工艺成功制得泡孔均匀的泡沫镁试样。利用OM、SEM、EDS及XRD等分析手段对试样进行宏微观结构表征,结果表明：泡沫镁试样宏观孔以典型的闭孔结构为主,但也存在一些连通孔及少量大孔,它们多是宏观裂纹的产生及扩展位置。泡孔内壁存在一些褶皱缺陷,且弥散分布着许多反应产生的MgO和CaO颗粒,压缩变形过程中,这些部位易产生应力集中,促进微裂纹的形成与扩展。孔壁上主要分布着碳化硅颗粒及生成的Mg2Ca相。测试分析了孔隙率和孔径对泡沫镁压缩力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响,并深入研究其压缩破坏机理,研究发现：随着孔隙率的降低,泡沫镁弹性变形增大,屈服强度升高;随着孔径的增大,泡沫镁屈服强度及平台应力明显减小,表现出显著的孔径效应。随着孔隙率的升高或孔径的增大,泡沫镁的能量吸收性能显著降低。泡沫镁的破坏为解理脆性断裂,这与孔壁组织及镁基体性质有很大的关系。     

多孔CoCrNi中熵合金的制备和吸能特性分析

本文采用粉末烧结-溶解法成功制备了孔隙率为63%~78%,孔径1.3~2.2mm的多孔CoCrNi中熵合金,借助SEM和XRD对试样的孔形貌和物相组成进行分析,并对试样进行轴向准静态压缩实验研究。结果表明：多孔CoCrNi中熵合金的弹性模量和屈服平台应力均随孔隙率、孔径的增大而减小;相对孔隙率而言,孔径对力学性能的影响程度较低;不同孔隙率的多孔CoCrNi中熵合金其致密应变下单位体积的能量吸收值为34.8~14.3MJ/m₃^,约为泡沫铝的3.8倍,且5种孔隙率的理想吸能效率(I)都接近0.8,说明该多孔CoCrNi中熵合金有潜力成为一种理想的吸能材料。     

泡沫铝合金显微组织和压缩力学性能的研究

采用Si、Mg及Cu元素进行合金化处理，制备了几种不同力学性能的开孔泡沫铝，并通过准静态压缩实验，研究合金化对泡沫铝压缩力学行为与吸能特征的影响。实验结果表明：采用Si、Mg及Cu元素合金化处理显著改变了泡沫铝的应力-应变行为与吸能特征，使泡沫铝的屈服强度提高，吸能性大幅度上升。另外，还研究了渗流法制备工艺对泡沫铝微观组织和性能的影响，结果显示由于渗流法制备过程特殊的凝固条件，使得泡沫铝的微观组织比相同成分的铸造铝合金的组织明显粗大。     

The Temperature Effect on the Compressive Behavior of Closed-Cell Aluminum-Alloy Foams

In this research, the mechanical behavior of closed-cell aluminum (Al)-alloy foams was investigated at different temperatures in the range of 25-450 °C. The main mechanical properties of porous Al-alloy foams are affected by the testing temperature, and they decrease with the increase in the temperature during uniaxial compression. From both the constant/serrated character of stress–strain curves and macro/microstructural morphology of deformed cellular structure, it was found that Al foams present a transition temperature from brittle to ductile behavior around 192 °C. Due to the softening of the cellular structure at higher temperatures, linear correlations of the stress amplitude and that of the absorbed energy with the temperature were proposed. Also, it was observed that the presence of inherent defects like micropores in the foam cell walls induced further local stress concentration which weakens the cellular structure’s strength and crack propagation and cell-wall plastic deformation are the dominant collapse mechanisms. Finally, an energy absorption study was performed and an optimum temperature was proposed.     

合金化对泡沫铝压缩力学行为的影响

采用Si、Mg及Cu元素进行合金化处理，制备了几种不同力学性能的开孔泡沫铝，通过准静态压缩实验研究了合金化对泡沫铝压缩力学性能与吸能特征的影响。实验结果表明，Si、Mg及Cu元素合金化处理能显著改变泡沫铝的应力-应变行为与吸能特征，使泡沫铝的屈服强度提高，吸能性大幅度上升。     

泡沫金属的尺寸效应和约束条件下的压缩性能

通过准静态单轴压缩和径向约束轴向压缩实验,研究了闭孔泡沫铝的尺寸效应,分析了试件尺寸(直径和高度)和密度对泡沫材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：单轴压缩时闭孔泡沫铝力学性能具有较为明显的尺寸效应,而径向约束轴向压缩时闭孔泡沫铝的尺寸效应不明显。两种加载情况下,密度都对闭孔泡沫铝的力学性能有着明显的影响。与单轴压缩相比,径向约束轴向压缩时闭孔泡沫铝的屈服应力和平台应力随密度的变化更为显著。     

Preparation of porous Ti35Nb alloy and its mechanical properties under monotonic and cyclic loading

The Ti-35%Nb(mass fraction) foams were prepared by a powder metallurgy method,and the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the foams under monotonic and cyclic loading were investigated.The microstructure of the foams mainly consists of β phase,and the foams exhibit the homogenous pore distribution with the average pore size of 252 μm.The foams with 66% porosity show a typical stress-strain curve of the open-cell foams,and the plateau stress is about 56 MPa.The fatigue strength of the foam is 15.12 MPa at 107 cycles.The fractographic analysis of the foams reveals that the cracks nucleate within the struts and grow in a fatigue mechanism,resulting in the acceleration of the fatigue damage of the foams.     

Effect of Ce content on mechanical properties of Ce/Cr coated open-cell Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foams

The Ce/Cr coating was homogenously deposited onto the reticulated open-cell Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foam by the pack cementation process. The mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams were investigated by the quasi-static compression test. Simultaneously, the deformation and failure mechanisms of Ce/Cr coated alloy foams were discussed. The results show that the adding amount of CeO₂ powders influences the mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams. Despite an increase in density as compared to the uncoated foams, the Ce/Cr coated foams exhibit improvement in both yield strength and energy-absorption performance. Especially, the energy-absorption performance of 2% Ce/Cr (mass fraction) coated alloy foam is averagely 1.9 times as high as that of the bare Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foam. In addition, the mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams increase with the increase of strain rate. The distortion and cracking are mainly the deformation behavior of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foam, confirmed by SEM images.     

胞状AlCu5Mn合金泡沫的压缩性能和能量吸收特性

用熔体发泡法制备孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%、孔结构均匀的胞状铝合金(AlCu5Mn),研究其孔结构、压缩性能、能量吸收能力、能量吸收效率和吸能性能.结果表明:胞状铝合金孔结构由高孔隙率(88.8%)时的大孔径、多边形孔向低孔隙率(62.5%)时的小孔径、球形孔孔结构过渡,其压缩应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线具有线性变形阶段、屈服平台阶段和致密化阶段三个部分,由线性变形阶段进入屈服平台阶段所对应的ε_s值介于2%～9%之间;屈服强度σ_s~*随着孔隙率的增大而下降,在孔隙率相同的条件下,胞状铝合金的力学性能优于胞状铝和多孔铝合金,其比刚度高于钢;当应变为定值时,胞状铝合金单位体积和单位质量的压缩吸能能力(C和C_m)都随着孔隙率的升高而降低,但是孔隙率在73.5%～82.1%范围内时,其C_m与ε的关系几乎不随孔隙率的改变而改变;对于孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%的胞状铝合金,它们的吸能效率的峰值都大于80%.胞状铝合金的C-σ和C_m-σ关系可以表征其吸能性能,从而可以根据实际工况选择作为减振吸能材料的胞状铝合金的最佳孔结构.     

膨胀珍珠岩-泡沫铝复合材料层合管的力学性能研究

采用渗流法制备膨胀珍珠岩一泡沫铝复合材料,以其为芯,钢管为面板制备层合管,研究了静态压缩条件下泡沫铝及其层合金属管的变形行为和能量吸收性能.研究表明:由于泡沫铝的填充,钢管的变形方式发生改变,由不对称屈曲转变为轴对称屈曲;层合管的平台区比原来增高、增长,压缩屈服强度由29.61MPa增高至51.62MPa,其吸能性能也...     

开孔泡沫铝的低温热导率测量及其低温蓄冷应用研究

新型材料的应用对低温装置的发展起具有重大意义。为提高低温蓄冷装置的温度均衡性,一种孔隙率为63%的开孔泡沫铝材料最近在一种低温蓄冷装置中进行了实验研究。实验测试了样品从50 K到170 K的热导率,测试结果显示开孔泡沫铝在测试温度区间内热导率随温度降低而升高,其平均值为22W·(m·K)~(-1)。实验测试了开孔泡沫铝热导率对采用泡沫铝低温蓄冷装置的性能的影响。蓄冷装置中采用的相变材料为氮。实验中主要测试值为蓄冷装置在降温过程和融化过程中的温度值。实验结果显示,此装置上、下部分的最大温差小于0.5 K,远小于不采用开孔泡沫铝时的温差。随着低温蓄冷装置热导率的提高,蓄冷装置上、下部温差以及单个温度测定的温度波动均减小。