粘质沙雷氏菌代谢产物灵菌红素的鉴定

从柠檬酸厂糖化车间酸性土壤中筛选得到一株产红色素的粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）ZSG,菌株发酵液经酸性甲醇萃取、浓缩、硅胶柱层析、薄层色谱和柱色谱等分离纯化后,得到灵菌红素纯品,并采用紫外可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、液质联用分析对其结构进行了表征。     

粘质沙雷氏菌HB-4吸附重金属镉的机制

从重金属污染土壤中筛选出1株对Cd²⁺具有高耐受能力和高吸附容量的菌株HB-4,经16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）。该菌株能在Cd²⁺浓度为300 mg·L^-1的条件下正常生长;对Cd²⁺的最大吸附量为（154.7±0.9（ mg·g^-1。考察了Cd²⁺初始浓度、pH、盐浓度以及共存离子对HB-4吸附Cd²⁺的影响,结果表明：pH=3.0~8.0时,对吸附效果无影响;NaCl含量为8.0%时,菌株对Cd²⁺的去除率仍可达到49.9%±0.1%;Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺与Cd²⁺共存时,几种重金属离子的去除率分别为98.7%±0.2%（Pb²⁺）、44.6%±0.6%（Zn²⁺）、52.7%±0.1%（Cu²⁺）和64.2%±0.3%（Cd²⁺）。解吸实验证明了HB-4对Cd²⁺极强的吸附能力,洗脱液pH=7.0时,解吸率小于2%。检测了细胞内外镉的分布情况,并利用SEM、XPS和FTIR对吸附机理进行了研究,推断HB-4对Cd²⁺的吸附机理为胞外吸附和胞内摄取。     

培养条件及培养基组分对粘质沙雷氏菌生长及产D-乳酸的影响

通过摇瓶实验,确定粘质沙雷氏菌发酵生产I）-乳酸的培养条件为：温度34℃,pH值6．5,种子液接种量5％,载液量为150mL／500mL,采用前期通气有氧培养至菌体对数生长后期、而后厌氧发酵产酸的两阶段培养工艺。考察培养基各组分对菌体生长及乳酸产量的影响,确定葡萄糖及酵母粉作为碳、氮源,并补充添加适量的无机氮。培养基各组分如下（g·L^-1）：葡萄糖15,酵母粉15,KH2P041．5,K2HP04·3H2O2．0,MgSO4·7H2O1．0,FeSO4·7H2O0．03,MnSO4·H2O0．005,以此培养条件及培养基配方进行摇瓶发酵,D-乳酸产量由（13．5±1．29）g·L^-1提高至（29．0±1．42）g·L^-1,提高一倍以上,光学纯度大于97％。     

粘质沙雷氏菌利用蔗糖和柠檬酸铵生产2，3-丁二醇的研究

研究了几种无机氮源对粘质沙雷氏菌发酵生物量和产物2,3-丁二醇形成的影响,在确定柠檬酸铵为无机氮源的基础上,利用响应面法(RSM)对柠檬酸铵和硫酸锰的浓度进行了优化,得出了最佳浓度,并以此最优成分进行了摇瓶发酵和分批补料发酵.在摇瓶发酵中,110 g·L-1的蔗糖最终被转化成44 g·L-1的2,3-丁二醇,转化率为0.4 g·g-1,产率为1.13 g·L-1·h-1;在分批补料发酵中,共有166 g·L-1的蔗糖被消耗,2,3-丁二醇的最高浓度为81.2 g·L-1,乙偶姻的浓度为7.7 g·L-1,2,3-丁二醇转化率达到0.489 g·g-1,产率达到1.7 g·L-1·h-1.     

粘质沙雷氏菌G1利用玉米浆干粉和磷酸氢二铵生产2,3-丁二醇的研究

研究了几种工业氮源对粘质沙雷氏菌G1发酵生产2,3-丁二醇的影响,在确定玉米浆干粉为氮源的基础上,利用Plackett-Burman(PB)实验和响应面法(RSM)实验对玉米浆干粉和磷酸氢二铵[(NH4)2HPO4]的浓度进行了优化,确定优化培养基(g·L-1)为:蔗糖90,玉米浆干粉20.32,(NH4)2HPO47.21,NaAc 4,柠檬酸钠14,MgSO40.5,Fe-SO40.02,MnSO40.01。并以此优化培养基进行了摇瓶和分批补料发酵,结果表明,摇瓶发酵中,90g·L-1的蔗糖最终被转化成43.06g·L-1的2,3-丁二醇;分批补料发酵中,2,3-丁二醇浓度为128.28g·L-1,产率为2.67g·L-1·h-1,转化率为0.48g·g-1蔗糖。以玉米浆干粉和(NH4)2HPO4为氮源,2,3-丁二醇浓度较高,培养基的成本大幅降低,为工业化生产奠定了基础。     

铜绿假单胞菌TBPY与黏质沙雷氏菌SMA协同降解三溴苯酚的特性

三溴苯酚是一类难降解、对环境危害大的物质.在本课题组前期的研究基础上,本研究以自有的铜绿假单胞菌株(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,TBPY)和黏质沙雷氏菌株(Serratia marcescens AB 90027,SMA)为出发菌种,研究两菌降解TBP的协同性,同时考察相关因素对该协同降解的影响.研究结果表明,这两种微生物具有良好的协同性,两菌协同降解TBP的效果明显优于单菌.在初始pH值为6.5,接入稳定期的TBPY,TBP先经TBPY降解两天后再接入稳定期的SMA,两菌接种量比为2:1时,TBP降解效果最好,100 mg/L的TBP 5天内降解率可达到97%.本研究不仅为三溴苯酚的微生物降解提供了一个新的有效途径,也为卤代芳香化合物,乃至环境污染的生物降解提供一种新的思路.     

污染底泥重金属去除技术研究进展

文章介绍了我国河流底泥重金属污染的现状并概括了污染底泥的修复技术及各自的特点。分析了物理修复、化学修复、生物修复及联合修复技术的优缺点。最后指出将这三类技术联合使用,取长补短,可实现经济、有效生态清淤与处置,这也将是河湖底泥修复的发展方向。     

粘质沙雷氏菌HB-4吸附重金属镉的机制

从重金属污染土壤中筛选出1株对Cd~(2+)具有高耐受能力和高吸附容量的菌株HB-4,经16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)。该菌株能在Cd~(2+)浓度为300 mg·L~(-1)的条件下正常生长;对Cd~(2+)的最大吸附量为(154.7±0.9)mg·g~(-1)。考察了Cd~(2+)初始浓度、pH、盐浓度以及共存离子对HB-4吸附Cd~(2+)的影响,结果表明:pH=3.0~8.0时,对吸附效果无影响;NaCl含量为8.0%时,菌株对Cd~(2+)的去除率仍可达到49.9%±0.1%;Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)与Cd~(2+)共存时,几种重金属离子的去除率分别为98.7%±0.2%(Pb~(2+))、44.6%±0.6%(Zn~(2+))、52.7%±0.1%(Cu~(2+))和64.2%±0.3%(Cd~(2+))。解吸实验证明了HB-4对Cd~(2+)极强的吸附能力,洗脱液pH=7.0时,解吸率小于2%。检测了细胞内外镉的分布情况,并利用SEM、XPS和FTIR对吸附机理进行了研究,推断HB-4对Cd~(2+)的吸附机理为胞外吸附和胞内摄取。     

重金属污染的生物修复研究进展

目前,对重金属污染土壤进行生物修复已成为一个世界性的环境问题,引起了人们的高度关注。本文对重金属污染土壤修复技术的进展情况作了简要介绍和述评,重点介绍了植物修复技术和微生物修复技术,为土壤重金属污染的生物修复提供参考。     

羟基和氨基苯类化合物的生物氧化与代谢

引言 芳香类污染物是自然界分布广泛的一类化合物,主要来源于石油工业、造纸业、塑料加工、纤维制造以及农药生产等[1].其中大多数酚(羟基苯)和芳香胺(氨基苯)具有很强的毒性和致癌性,因此被很多国家列为首要污染物[2-3].由于物理处理法和化学处理法成本高且可能引入其他有害物质[4],人们日益关注成本低廉而处理彻底的生物法[3].     

Comparison of Electrocoagulation and Chemical Coagulation for Heavy Metal Removal

Copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) removal from metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation was investigated. Chemical coagulation was performed using either aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride, whereas electrocoagulation was done in an electrolytic cell using aluminum or iron electrodes. By chemical coagulation, Cu‐, Cr‐, and Ni‐removal of 99.9 % was achieved with aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride dosages of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg L^–1, respectively. Removal of metals by electrocoagulation was affected by the electrode material, wastewater pH, current density, number of electrodes, and electrocoagulation time. Electrocoagulation with iron electrodes at a current density of 10 mA cm^–2, electrocoagulation time of 20 min, and pH 3.0 resulted in 99.9 % Cu‐, 99.9 % Cr‐, and 98 % Ni‐removal.     

壳聚糖超滤膜的制备及在低含量重金属废水处理中的应用

报道了壳聚糖超滤膜的制备及主要性能,确定了壳聚糖溶液成膜的最佳条件,制备的超滤膜透水速度为3～4mL cm2·h,对0.1%牛血清蛋白溶液的截留率可达90%。用此膜对低含量重金属废水进行处理,结果表明:通过调节溶液的pH值,使重金属离子在水溶液中形成胶体,用壳聚糖超滤膜可有效地去除水中Pb2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cu2+等金属离子的氢氧化物。     

Removal of Heavy Metal Impurities from Dredged River Sediment

This article shows the results of a study that aims to remove the sediment fraction containing heavy metals from river sediment by flotation. Different parameters such as pH, flotation time, different collectors, distilled water, tap water, and different salts were investigated to achieve a high separation efficiency. Explanations are suggested for the obtained results. Results of flotation revealed that 63 % by weight of the input dredged sediment can be safely and successfully separated, thus, meeting the standard environmental requirement of current Flemish (Belgium) regulation “bodemsaneringsdecreet” (February 1995). This dredged fraction could not be achieved before a flotation time of 15 min. Increasing flotation time would impart less metal content but with a lower yield. In the case of applying the settling technique, 55 % by weight of the dredged sample meeting the same standard specification was obtained. Results are explained in the light of a model, which assumes that sediment contains organic matter together with heavy metals, clay, and sand. Upon aeration, air bubbles are adsorbed on hydrophobic particles, which carry them up to the froth layer with the hydrophilic particles left behind in the pulp. The use of an organic collector has a minor effect on flotation process. Results of the settling technique are discussed.     

Serratia marcescens非特异性核酸内切酶的原核表达及其应用

目的在大肠杆菌中表达Serratia marcescens非特异性核酸内切酶(SMNE),并进行纯化、活性检测及应用。方法合成smne基因,应用PCR技术在基因的5′端引入6个组氨酸标签序列,将其插入分泌表达载体pET-20b(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS,IPTG诱导表达。表达产物经镍离子螯合琼脂糖凝胶一步纯化后,检测其活性并计算比活。将纯化的SMNE用于重组腺病毒的制备,对外源性核酸进行降解,并采用Southern blot对外源性DNA残留量进行测定。结果重组表达质粒pET-20b-smne经PCR、双酶切和测序证明构建正确。重组蛋白的表达量为8.0 mg/L,纯化后纯度达95%,比活达1.1×106 U/mg。在重组腺病毒制备过程中使用后,成品中的外源性DNA残留量≤10 ng/5.0×1011 VP。结论已成功地在大肠杆菌中表达了SMNE,纯化的SMNE活性高,有望应用于重组生物制品制备过程中外源性核酸的去除。     

Melatonin Modulates Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress: Morphological Responses to Molecular Mechanisms

Heavy metal toxicity is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses. Heavy metals cause serious damage to plant growth and productivity, which is a major problem for sustainable agriculture. It adversely affects plant molecular physiology and biochemistry by generating osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, oxidative stress, membrane disorganization, cellular toxicity, and metabolic homeostasis. To improve and stimulate plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, the application of biostimulants can be an effective approach without threatening the ecosystem. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a biostimulator, plant growth regulator, and antioxidant, promotes plant tolerance to heavy metal stress by improving redox and nutrient homeostasis, osmotic balance, and primary and secondary metabolism. It is important to perceive the complete and detailed regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous melatonin-mediated heavy metal-toxicity mitigation in plants to identify potential research gaps that should be addressed in the future. This review provides a novel insight to understand the multifunctional role of melatonin in reducing heavy metal stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms.     

典型重金属离子对双污泥系统反硝化除磷的影响

为了研究和比较重金属对双污泥系统的影响,在双污泥系统稳定运行的基础上,通过调节进水重金属(Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+)含量,分别考察了3种重金属短期冲击和长期冲击对双污泥系统碳、氮、磷去除效果的影响.结果显示,Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+对硝化菌的短期急毒性和抑制作用关系为Cd2+>Zn2+>Cu2+,对硝化菌的累积...     

Competitive Removal of Heavy Metal Ions by Starch-Graft-Acrylic Acid Copolymers

Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto starch was carried out with ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator under nitrogen atmosphere. The structures of the synthesized graft copolymers were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The grafting percentages (GP%) of starch-graft-acrylic acid (S-g-AA) copolymers were determined. Increasing the molar concentration of AA from 0.1 to 0.5 mol/L caused a significant increase in the GP%. The effect of GP% of S-g-AA copolymers on the competitive removal of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ ions from aqueous solution was investigated at pH 4.5. The concentrations of each ion in aqueous solution were equal to each other, which were kept constant at 4 mmol/L. Metal ion removal capacities were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Metal ion removal capacities of S-g-AA copolymers rose with the increase in GP% of the copolymers and the order of the removal of heavy metal ions was Pb²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺.     

污泥中重金属去除的技术

介绍了污泥中重金属存在的形态,综述了污泥中重金属去除的常用的四种技术化学浸出、生物浸出、电分离和超临界流体萃取,重点介绍了化学浸取技术的原理和特点,并对诸项技术的优点以及存在的问题进行了评述。