开孔型聚合物微发泡材料研究进展

通过回顾目前几种微孔材料成型的主要方法,介绍了微发泡成型技术用于制备开孔型微孔材料的必要性。讨论了关于开孔型聚合物微发泡材料制备技术及研究方法的几种思路,分别是不相容聚合物共混、泡孔合并模型、熔融挤出发泡、开孔剂法和气体浓度阈(值)等方法,这些方法的微孔成型机理各不相同,所制备的材料微观结构也各有特点。文献分析表明:微发泡成型方法用于开孔型微孔材料的制备是一种非常有前景的技术。     

聚合物微发泡材料制备技术理论研究进展

20世纪90年代末,超临界流体(SCF)制备聚合物微发泡材料实现了工业化,这种方法制备的微发泡材料具有非常多的优点,被誉为"21世纪的新型材料"。介绍了SCF的概念、性质以及其在相关领域的应用情况。然后对聚合物微发泡材料的理论研究进展进行了介绍,主要回顾了3个方面的研究内容,包括气体在聚合物中的溶解行为、泡孔的形成和长大机理以及聚合物/气体体系的流变行为等。这些基础性的研究工作对于深入理解聚合物微发泡材料的形成机理及后续的应用研究具有非常重要的意义。     

延时时间对PA6发泡行为及力学性能影响

采用"二次开模"注射成型工艺制备微发泡聚酰胺6(PA6)材料,研究了不同延时时间对PA6材料发泡行为及力学性能的影响.结果表明:延时时间能有效控制微发泡PA6材料的发泡过程,较短的延时时间内,模具型腔压力下降较大,压力降速率较快,有利于聚合物泡孔成核速率的提高.随着延时时间增加,微发泡PA6材料的泡孔平均直径增大,泡孔...     

超临界流体制备聚合物微孔材料技术研究进展

上世纪90年代，超临界流体(SCF)制备聚合物微孔材料实现了工业化，这种方法制备的微孔材料具有非常多的优点，被誉为是“21世纪的新型材料”。本文首先介绍了SCF的概念、性质，以及其在相关领域的应用情况。然后对采用SCF制备聚合物微孔材料的理论研究进展进行了介绍，主要讨论了在聚合物中的溶解行为、微孔的形成和长大机理以及聚合物／SCF体系的流变行为等三个方面的研究内容。本文还介绍了采用SCF制备聚合物微孔材料的应用研究进展，探讨了非连续方法和连续方法的发展过程，并重点对连续成型方法的设备进行了介绍。     

微发泡弹性体材料的研究进展

微发泡弹性体材料是一种重要的高分子材料，它有其独特的微孔结构能够满足多方面的需要，因此也成为近来一段时间研究的热点。本文综述了其微孔成型机理及其制备微发泡弹性体材料的几个重要的方面即发泡剂的选择、发泡助剂的选择及交联过程和发泡过程的匹配，通过恰当的控制这几个方面，可以制得性能良好的微发泡弹性体材料。     

微发泡聚合物材料的研究进展

微发泡聚合物材料是泡孔尺寸在微米级的一种新型高分子材料,因其独特的微孔结构能够改善制品的尺寸稳定性、收缩率等问题,已经成为近年来聚合物材料的研究热点。本文综述了微发泡成型研究机理,成型加工参数、纳米填料和发泡剂对微发泡聚合物材料结构与性能的影响,并对众多研究结果进行了分析,提出了未来微发泡聚合物材料的研究领域有待于进一步深入的研究方向,并对微发泡聚合物材料的研究及应用前景进行了展望,提出扩大工业应用的趋势是开发出微发泡聚合物母料来替代物理以及化学发泡。这些基础性的研究工作对于深入理解微发泡聚合物材料的形成机理及后续的应用研究具有非常重要的意义。     

微发泡聚合物材料研究进展

综述了发泡成型过程中工艺、成核剂、材料特性、发泡剂(发泡方法)等对发泡聚合物材料发泡行为和综合力学性能的影响。提出了发泡成型技术在聚合物材料中改善发泡质量和提高综合性能需解决的关键技术问题,展望了发泡技术在挤出、注塑及模压3种成型方式中的基础应用研究和应用前景。     

聚丙烯微孔发泡材料制备及改性进展

聚丙烯(PP)微孔发泡材料具有质轻、力学性能较高的特点,PP基体性质、发泡剂种类、发泡制备成型工艺、化学改性方法、共混及填充改性等方法均可以影响发泡材料的泡孔结构及发泡材料的性能。综述了PP微孔发泡材料的制备成型工艺、化学、共混、纳米、填充等改性方法研究进展,指出采用成本低廉、无毒的化学类发泡剂制备泡孔结构良好的PP微孔发泡材料将是今后研究的热点。PP的交联及接枝改性技术,与其它聚合物、填料共混技术是改善泡孔结构、提高泡沫材料发泡性能和力学性能的途径,研究改性材料与PP基体材料的界面相容性问题也是今后的研究方向。     

纳米粒子在微孔发泡聚合物中应用的研究进展

微孔发泡聚合物是一种发展迅速的新型发泡材料,因其具有质量轻、环境友好、渗透性好等优点,具有极其广阔的应用领域。同时,纳米粒子对微孔发泡聚合物的气泡成核、气泡生长、气泡定型等影响非常显著。因此,纳米粒子对微孔发泡聚合物泡孔形貌调控机理的相关研究,成为近年来国内外学者研究的热点。介绍了聚合物纳米复合材料的制备方法,包括间歇式釜压发泡、连续挤出发泡和注塑成型发泡;然后分析了纳米粒子在微孔发泡聚合物中的添加方法,包括原位聚合法、插层法、直接混合法;综述了纳米粒子对微孔发泡聚合物体系的影响;最后对微孔发泡聚合物的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

离子聚合物泡沫的研究

研究了乙烯/丙烯酸锌离子聚合物Iotek7020熔体间歇发泡配方和工艺过程。试验表明该聚合物的熔体强度高,可承受很大的加工应力,可获得闭孔高发泡材料,发泡塑料的拉伸强度和压缩强度、弯曲负荷与弯曲疲劳周期都超过其他通用材料的泡沫。该树脂适合连续挤出发泡工艺,发泡定型的工艺装备是优良泡沫塑料成型的关键。     

活性氧化铝的生产及其改性

综述了生产活性氧化铝的原料、活性氧化铝的主要制备方法及其改性方法。快脱粉通过快速煅烧α-三水铝石生产;拟薄水铝石通过碳化法、碱法、酸法、中和法和醇铝法生产。快脱粉通过滚动成型制造活性氧化铝球;拟薄水铝石通过油-氨柱成型、挤出成型和喷雾干燥成型制成（条形、三叶草形、蝶形等）不同形状的活性氧化铝。最后,综述了活性氧化铝的几种改性方法,每种方法都可以改进活性氧化铝的物化性能。     

Comparison Between Polydimethylsiloxane and Polyimide-Based Solvent-Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes

Nanofiltration using solvent-resistant membranes has become an important separation technology. Polydimethylsiloxane and polyimide are important materials for preparation of solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes. In this study, the performance of commercial polydimethylsiloxane and polyimide SRNF membranes (as a trademark of MPF and STARMEM) with molecular weight cutoff values of 200–700 Da was compared in terms of organic solvent preconditioning effect, solvent compatibility, solvent flux, and solute rejection. Organic solvents employed were methanol, toluene, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and acetone and the organic solutes in a molecular weight range of 160–850 Da were used. Membrane preconditioning with different organic solvents did not affect membrane performance of the polydimethylsiloxane-based MPF membranes but had a significant influence on the polyimide-based STARMEM membranes. Both MPF and STARMEM membranes are not compatible in dichloromethane. MPF membranes were inert to the organic solvents and had relatively low solvent fluxes. STARMEM membranes were highly swollen in methanol and offered much higher solvent fluxes and attractive NF performance in toluene.     

Fabrication of Microporous Polymeric Film via Colloid-Based Layer-By-layer Technology for CO2 Capturing

Large-scale and simple strategies to flexibly preparing materials with industrial application potential attract people's attention. Layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technology is a typical preparation method for current nanomaterials to address the large-scale concern and achieve the possibility of a simple, streamlined and controllable process. Here, a novel and simple strategy is developed to fabricate microporous polymeric film (MPF) based on poly(styrene-hydroxyethyl methylacrylate) (P(St-HEMA)) microspheres, in combination with LBL self-assembly technology and hypercrosslinked microporous post-treatment. To improve the mechanical properties of the film, the buffer layer of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) are used to avoid swelling of nanoparticles and the methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) is chosen to increase the force between the nanoparticles via UV-crosslinking. The MPF has well CO₂ capture capabilities up to 46.21 wt% (10.52 mmol g⁻¹), large-scale feature and certain improved mechanical properties. It is hoped that the research could display a successful strategy to prepare the large-scale film for the application of industrialization.     

Cyanate ester resin modified by phenolic resin containing diphenyl oxide segments with high molecular weight

To obtain modified cyanate ester (CE) with good comprehensive properties and low cost, a novel phenolic resin containing diphenyl oxide (MPF) with high molecular weight was synthesized from diphenyl ether, formaldehyde, methanol and phenol by a two-step process which differed from polyphenylene oxide (PPO) in structure. The curing reaction and properties of the modified 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl) propane (bisphenol-A-based cyanate ester, BADCy) by MPF were investigated. It was found that the curing temperature of the modified CE was lower than that of the unmodified CE. When the ratio of MPF and BADCy was 3:7, the cured resin exhibited low dielectric constant (3.00), low dielectric loss (0.0062) and high impact strength (12.5 kJ/m²), and its T _d5% was 371 °C, being superior to CE in the comprehensive properties. When the content of MPF was above 30 %, MPF/BADCy had poor comprehensive properties. In order to improve MPF/BADCy with high content of MPF, epoxy resin (E51) was added. When the ratio of MPF, BADCy and E51 was 50:50:67, the cured resin exhibited low dielectric constant (2.96), dielectric loss (0.0078) and high impact strength (11.84 kJ/m²), and its T _d5% was 365 °C. Small content of MPF or the combination of E51 and MPF were good for BADCy to improve its comprehensive properties.     

锦纶6染色织物条纹产生的原因及控制方法

锦纶6染色织物具有耐磨、强度高、质轻等优点,广泛应用于运动服装和休闲服装。织物染色中最常见的质量问题是产生深浅不一条纹。本文从原料的制备、纤维的成形、织物的织造三个方面讨论了条纹产生的原因。结构性的条纹是在织造过程中产生的;聚集态性的条纹多数是纺丝过程由于纺丝工艺的变动产生的;聚合物合成工艺的波动会产生化学性的条纹。在染色过程中通过合理选择染料、降低染色的始染温度、调节染液的pH值等工艺因素,可避免条纹的产生。     

Supramolecular assembled C60-containing carboxylated poly(dimethylsiloxane) composites

Supramolecular assembled nanocomposites were prepared through the solution casting of the complexing mixtures from the side chain carboxylated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with the 1-(4-methyl)-piperazinylfullerene (MPF). FT-IR and XPS analyses reveal that there are strong ionic interactions between the two components. Small-angle X-ray scattering study shows the formation of MPF fullerene nanodomains dispersed in the PDMS matrix, but no highly ordered structures, which is confirmed with TEM images. Compared to its polymeric precursor, the MPF crosslinked composites exhibit superior thermal mechanical stability and dramatic increase in the storage and loss moduli. Moreover, elastic response exceeds viscous response in the composites due to the formation of crosslinking structures. The increase of the MPF content in the composites leads to a denser packing of MPF nanodomains, resulting in better thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties. The decrease in the carboxylic acid groups along the PDMS chains reduces the crosslinking density of the PDMS/MPF composites. The composites show a combined dielectric property from both PDMS and MPF components.     

大规模生产静脉注射用人血免疫球蛋白工艺的研究

本文介绍一种制备静脉注射用人血免疫球蛋白(IVIG)的工艺。工艺流程为:以低温乙醇法的 FⅢ上清为原料,经 NMWL 为3万的超滤膜脱醇,DEAE-Sephadex-A-50吸附,pH3.8～4.0条件下超滤,最后添加麦芽糖等稳定剂冻干。本工艺具有收率高、质量好、生产过程简单温和、经济效益显著等特点,适于大规模生产。     

Progressive Burning Performance of Deterred Oblate Spherical Powders with Large Web Thickness

In order to obtain progressive burning of single‐base oblate spherical powders with a large web thickness, an internal porous structure and outer deterred shell are introduced into its preparation and deterring process. The preparation process comprised pore‐making, sphere‐shaping, shell forming and the subsequent deterring of outer surface of single‐base oblate spherical powders. The combustion characteristics of prepared single‐base oblate spherical powders with a large web thickness were tested by closed bomb tests. The influence of the type and content of deterrent, i.e. the small molecular weight deterrent dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and polymer deterrent poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PEGDMA), and the preparation parameters on the burning progressivity were investigated. It was shown that a progressive burning single‐base oblate spherical powder can be prepared by the methods described in this study.     

湿法制备纳米ATO粉体团聚的形成及消除方法

分析了在用湿法制备纳米ATO (锑掺杂二氧化锡 )粉时团聚形成的过程 ,从ATO的湿法制备阶段、干燥阶段及煅烧阶段提出了防止团聚形成的措施。