仿生超疏水聚丙烯薄膜的制备与性能

采用简单溶剂/非溶剂法制备出超疏水性聚丙烯薄膜。该薄膜表面与水的接触角为160°,滚动角小于4°。pH值为1～14的水溶液在其表面都有很高的接触角。通过对表面进行扫描电子显微镜分析可知,薄膜具有类鸟巢状多孔微纳米复合微观结构,这种结构可捕获空气,形成水与基底之间的气垫,对表面超疏水性的产生起到了关键的作用。用Cassi...     

长效稳定的超疏水氧化铝表面的制备与性能

通过在载玻片表面涂覆一层由溶胶-凝胶法制备的氧化铝溶胶,再经过一定的热处理、沸水处理和表面修饰等工艺,得到了一种超疏水性氧化铝表面。利用接触角测试和扫描电子显微镜观测等技术对薄膜的制备过程、表面形貌和微观结构、润湿性能及其稳定性等进行了考察。结果表明:所制得的氧化铝薄膜由多孔的花瓣状粗糙结构和疏水长链单分子层构成,从而赋予该薄膜具有超疏水特性。而且,所制备的薄膜在空气中放置一年后,其表面仍然保持超疏水特性,表明该薄膜的超疏水特性十分稳定。同时,该薄膜在较宽的pH值范围内,其表面都呈现出十分强的疏水特性,如当水滴的pH值在1-11范围内时,薄膜表面接触角均在146°以上;而当水滴的pH值达到13.8时,其接触角显著降低。     

Ni3S2微纳米结构超疏水表面的制备及耐蚀性能

随着表面科学和仿生学的迅速发展,超疏水材料的制备和研究已成为当下研究的热点,其性能优异,具有十分广阔的应用前景。本工作采用水热反应法在泡沫镍基体上直接生长Ni_3S_2微纳米复合结构,经过十四酸修饰后获得性能优良的超疏水表面。实验探究了水热反应温度和反应时间对水滴在超疏水表面接触角的影响。研究发现,水热反应温度为180℃、反应时间为6 h的条件下获得的水热反应层表面的水滴接触角达到最大值160. 28°。采用扫描电子显微镜观察超疏水试样表面的微观结构,发现在基体表面生长了一层交错排列的锥状结构。利用X射线衍射仪和能谱仪对水热反应层表面进行物相及表面化学成分分析发现,与泡沫镍基体相比,水热反应层表面除了存在Ni相外还形成了新的Ni_3S_2相。对获得的超疏水试样进行性能测试,发现利用该方法制备的超疏水材料具有良好的耐酸碱性和耐电化学腐蚀特性。     

高速电火花线切割制备耐用型超疏水铜表面

采用高速电火花线切割机床在铜表面构筑复合粗糙结构,经自组装技术处理后得到了超疏水铜表面。结果表明,高速电火花线切割机床在铜表面构筑陨石坑-突起-鳞片-气孔-颗粒复合粗糙结构,该复合结构形成了"气垫"效应,实现了超疏水功能,表面静态接触角达153.73°,滚动角为2.33°。研究了脉冲宽度对表面疏水性能的影响,结果表明,脉冲宽度对铜表面复合粗糙结构的形貌和水滴在表面的接触状态都有十分重要的影响。随着脉冲宽度的增加,铜表面陨石坑直径随之增大,陨石坑深度减小,单位面积内的突起物数量随之减少。微观结构的变化导致水滴在铜表面的接触状态由Cassie模型向Wenzel模型转变。胶带剥离试验表明超疏水铜表面具有良好的耐用性,剥离后的试件具有良好的可修复性和时间稳定性。     

仿生超疏水棉织物的制备与表面分析

以荷叶表面微/纳米结构为参考模型,先用硅溶胶处理天然棉织物,再用N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷(ASO-1)对其进行修饰,获得了微/纳米二元粗糙的超疏水织物,水滴在该织物表面接触角可达160.5°。场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察发现超疏水纤维表面存在大量均匀分布的纳米微凸体。接触角分析表明织物织造过程中形成的微米级粗糙度和ASO-1膜的存在是织物疏水的主要原因,纳米微凸体能减少纤维与水的接触面积,提高水在纤维表面的接触角,使织物由疏水转变为超疏水。最后用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)证实了纤维表面SiO2粒子和ASO-1膜的存在。     

旱金莲叶、花表面的超疏水性研究

早金莲的叶、花表面有很好的超疏水性,水滴在其表面的静态接触角为150°、145°,滚动角分别约为5°、10°,通过扫描电镜观察发现,在其叶、花的表面分布有大量呈规则排列的微纳米级复合“花簇”、“凹槽”.微纳米复合结构使其表面有良好的超疏水性,雨后,能保持“滴水不沾”、“一尘不染”.采用Cassie理论对其表面的超疏水性...     

复合SiO2粒子涂膜表面的超疏水性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同粒径和形状的SiO2粒子,并利用氟硅氧烷的表面自组装功能制备了具有仿生类"荷叶效应"的超疏水涂膜.通过原子力显微镜、扫描电镜和水接触角的测试对膜结构及性能进行了表征,探讨了SiO2粒子的粒径和形状对材料微观结构,表面粗糙度和疏水性能的关系.结果表明,含单一粒径涂膜表面水接触角符合Wenzel模型;而复合粒子构成了符合Cassie模型的非均相界面,单纯的粗糙度因子不能反映水接触角的变化,复合粒子在膜表面的无规则排列赋予涂膜表面不同等级的粗糙度,使得水滴与涂膜表面接触时能够形成高的空气捕捉率和较小的粗糙度因子,这与在涂膜表面能形成自组装分子膜的氟硅氧烷共同作用赋予了涂膜超疏水性能.     

磁控溅射制备聚四氟乙烯低温超疏水薄膜

针对输电线路工程中绝缘子的低温防结冰要求,采用磁控溅射技术在玻璃基底上制备聚四氟乙烯低温超疏水薄膜,研究了溅射制备工艺参数对薄膜超疏水性能的影响,并探究了薄膜的低温超疏水性能。利用水接触角测量仪,扫描电子显微镜以及表面轮廓仪分别对薄膜表面的润湿性能、表面形貌、膜厚以及粗糙度进行表征。结果表明,用磁控溅射工艺制备的聚四氟乙烯薄膜具有优异的疏水性能,其表面的最大静态水接触角可达170°±3°,并在低温下能够保持其超疏水的性能。     

铜表面的纳米结构制备及其浸润性研究

通过水热法在铜表面成功制备了一层具有纳米机构的超亲水薄膜,其表面的接触角可达到6°。随后用氟硅烷对其表面进行修饰,使表面由超亲水变成了超疏水,接触角达到了156°,滚动角小于10°。用扫描电镜、接触角测量仪、X射线衍射仪等技术对超疏水表面进行了表征和分析。X射线衍射分析表明,铜表面的片状结构为氧化铜。扫描电镜对铜表面形貌观察显示,温度、反应时间对表面的形貌影响比较大。片状结构之间的空隙和低表面的修饰是导致超疏水性能的主要原因。将铜超疏水表面放在不同高度的水底一段时间,取出后对其接触角进行测量,结果发现超疏水性能消失,接触角变小。     

钢铁表面超疏水膜的制备与表征

采用水热法结合氟硅烷修饰直接在钢铁表面制备超疏水膜。疏水膜的疏水性与钢铁基底的微纳米结构有重要关系。结果表明,以乙二胺为溶剂,经140℃水热反应4h和160℃水热反应5h,可以在钢铁表面制得具有次级网状结构的正八面体、花状等微纳米精细结构,再经氟硅烷修饰后表现出良好的超疏水性,与水滴的接触角分别达到156.49和165.31°。XRD的分析结果表明,该微纳米结构的主要成分是Fe3O4,它的形成一方面提供了制备超疏水表面所必须的微纳米精细结构,另一方面又为与氟硅烷发生反应生成牢固的薄膜创造了条件。电化学分析结果表明,超疏水膜层的存在显著降低了钢铁基底的腐蚀倾向。     

Superhydrophobic and transparent coatings prepared by self-assembly of dual-sized silica particles

Superhydrophobic and transparent coatings have been prepared by self-assembly of dual-sized silica particles from a mixed dispersion. The desirable micro/nano hierarchical structure for superhydrophobicity is constructed simply by adjusting the size and ratio of the dual-sized particles without organic/inorganic templates. The transparency of the prepared coatings is also researched, and the light scattering can be reduced by lowering the ratio of big sub-micro particles while the superhydrophobicity maintains unchanged. When nano particles with a diameter of 50 nm and sub-micro particles with a diameter of 350 nm are assembled, a superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle of 161° is achieved. Additionally, the coated glass is also very transparent. The highest transmittance of the coated glass can reach 85%. Compared to traditional colloid self-assembly approach, which often involves dozens of steps of layer-by-layer processing and organic/inorganic templates, the present approach is much simpler and has advantages for large-scale coating.     

Vi-PDMS/S-SiO2超疏水聚酯纤维织物的制备及性能研究

目的 基于普通织物材料防水性较差的问题,制备一种具有超疏水涂层的聚酯纤维织物,并对其性能进行研究。方法 以聚酯纤维织物为基材,基于紫外光固化技术通过浸涂法,使用商用气相纳米SiO₂颗粒(S-SiO₂)、端乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷(Vi-PDMS)在织物表面构筑微纳粗糙结构,获得超疏水的织物。采用扫描电子显微镜、水接触角测量仪对其微观结构和疏水性能进行表征,并通过机械摩擦实验对其超疏水稳定性进行考察。结果 当Vi-PDMS和S-SiO₂质量比为1∶4时,选择交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)制备的聚酯纤维织物表面的水接触角可达到151°,滚动角可达9°;且经过40次循环摩擦后,其表面水接触角仍大于140°,具有一定的耐磨性。结论 基于紫外光固化技术,采用操作简便的浸涂法制备的聚酯纤维织物具有优异的超疏水性能和一定的耐磨性,为织物超疏水性能研究提供参考,有望应用于超疏水聚酯纤维织物领域。     

Superhydrophobic Gated Polyorganosilanes/Halloysite Nanocontainers for Sustained Drug Release

Inspired by the water repellency of the lotus leaf, superhydrophobic gated nanocontainers are fabricated by using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as the nanocontainers and polyorganosilanes (POS) as the molecular gates for sustained release of diclofenac sodium (DS). The nanocontainers are prepared by loading DS into the lumen of HNTs, and then modified by co‐condensation of hexadecyltriethoxylsilane and tetraethoxysilane. The nanocontainers are characterized with transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and FTIR, etc. The wetting behaviors of the nanocontainers and release behaviors of DS are also studied. DS molecules are loaded in the lumen of HNTs and POS is covalently bonded on the surface of HNTs‐DS. Wettability of the nanocontainers is controllable simply by the POS content. The nanocontainers show excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 156.9° and a water shedding angle of 3°. The release of DS molecules is controlled by a new way, the air cushion between the superhydrophobic nanocontainers and the phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The DS molecules could only release from the limited place where the nanocontainers contact with PBS when the PBS is in the Cassie‐Baxter state on the surface of the nanocontainers.     

PVDF/SiO2/PDMS涂层超疏水纺织品性能

目的 针对普通纺织品材料防水性和防污性较差的问题,制备具有自清洁功能的超疏水涂层纺织品,并研究其性能.方法 以涤纶织物为基材,通过非溶剂诱导相分离法,使用聚偏氟乙烯和疏水纳米二氧化硅复合液在纺织品表面构筑微纳粗糙结构,采用聚二甲基硅氧烷对其进行疏水化处理,获得自清洁超疏水涂层纺织品.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量散射光谱和视频光学接触角测量仪等对其结构和性能进行表征,并通过机械摩擦、洗涤、酸/碱/盐溶液浸渍和紫外光照等方法对其表面超疏水稳定性进行考察.结果 当聚偏氟乙烯质量分数为2％,疏水纳米二氧化硅质量分数为0.4％,聚二甲基硅氧烷质量分数为1％时,制备的纺织品的表面接触角可达(162.2°±0.8°),滚动角达(2.0°±0.4°),具有优异的超疏水自清洁效应;经72 h酸/碱/盐溶液浸渍、196 h紫外光照、2500次摩擦和120次家庭水洗后,其表面接触角仍大于150°,表现出优异的超疏水稳定性.结论 采用简便的非溶剂相分离法制备的涂层纺织品具有优异的自清洁性能,并且其超疏水性能具有机械耐久性和化学稳定性,有望应用于纺织材料包装领域.     

Superhydrophobic and transparent coatings prepared by self-assembly of dual-sized silica particles

Superhydrophobic and transparent coatings have been prepared by self-assembly of dual-sized silica particles from a mixed dispersion. The desirable micro /nano hierarchical structure for superhydrophobicity is constructed simply by adjusting the size and ratio of the dual-sized particles without organic/inorganic templates. The transparency of the prepared coatings is also researched, and the light scattering can be reduced by lowering the ratio of big sub-micro particles while the superhydrophobicity maintains unchanged. When nano particles with a diameter of 50 nm and sub-micro particles with a diameter of 350 nm are assembled, a superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle of 161° is achieved. Additionally, the coated glass is also very transparent. The highest transmittance of the coated glass can reach 85%. Compared to traditional colloid self-assembly approach, which often involves dozens of steps of layer-by-layer processing and organic/inorganic templates, the present approach is much simpler and has advantages for large-scale coating.     

A low-cost method to produce superhydrophobic polymer surfaces

Here, we introduce a novel and inexpensive template-based structuring process to create superhydrophobic polymer surfaces adapted from the naturally occurring micro/nano structured surfaces found on the superhydrophobic leaves of the quaking aspen tree. Electroformed nanocrystalline nickel coupons were sandblasted and chemically etched to create a negative reproduction of the aspen leaf surface structure. These nanocrystalline nickel samples were then employed as re-useable templates and pressed against various polymers at elevated temperatures, transferring the desired superhydrophobic structure to their surfaces. This structuring process resulted in water contact angles above 150° and tilt angles below 5° for polyethylene, polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene samples. In addition, the effects of temperature, water drop size and surfactant concentration on these pressed polymer surfaces were investigated to assess potential application limitations for these surfaces.     

透明超疏水玻璃表面的制备及性能研究

目的研究透明超疏水玻璃的制备及性能。方法以纳米二氧化硅和无水乙醇为原料制成半透明乳液,然后将乳液喷涂在玻璃表面,再通过接触角测试、透光率测试仪等手段对玻璃表面的性能进行研究。结果在玻璃基材表面构建了与水滴接触角高达158°±2°,滚动角低至1°的透明超疏水表面。当喷涂液中纳米二氧化硅的质量分数为1.5%时,获得的超疏水玻璃表面具有优异的防水性、抗污易清洁性和透明性。结论在玻璃基底上制备透明超疏水表面可以大大提高玻璃表面的防水、防污性,并使玻璃表面更易于清洁,有利于减少玻璃包装材料清洗时的用水量和洗涤剂用量,从而增强玻璃包装材料的生态环保效应。     

One-step production of superhydrophobic coatings on flat substrates via atmospheric Rf plasma process using non-fluorinated hydrocarbons

This paper describes the direct deposition of hydrocarbon coatings with a static water contact angle higher than 150 using simple C6 hydrocarbons as a reactive gas in helium plasma generated in ambient air without any preroughening of the silicon (100) substrate. The film morphology and hydrophobicity are found to strongly depend on the structure of the reagent hydrocarbon. The films deposited with n-hexane and cyclohexane exhibited relatively smooth morphology and the water contact angle was only ～95°, similar to polypropylene. When benzene was used as a main reactive gas, the deposited film surface showed nanoscale textured morphology and superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle as high as 167°. Because the plasma is generated in air, all films show some degree of oxygen incorporation. These results imply that the incorporation of a small amount of oxygenated species in hydrocarbon films due to excitation of ambient air is not detrimental for superhydrophobicity, which allows the atmospheric rf plasma with the benzene precursor to produce rough surface topography needed for superhydrophobicity.     

Design and development of anti-icing textile surfaces

An anti-icing material can be created by mimicking one of nature’s best known performances superhydrophobicity that is observed at many plant leaves. The anti-icing properties of a superhydrophobic surface depend on the surface morphology as well as the surface tension of the substrate. This implies that both the chemistry and the topography of the anti-icing coating material are important. Therefore, the relationship between the anti-icing properties and the morphology of a superhydrophobic surface should be understood and the study has to be extended beyond the bio-inspired superhydrophobic properties of the materials to similar properties toward ice. In this research, fluorosilane-treated superhydrophobic textile nonwoven fabric is prepared via wet-processing, and the anti-icing properties of the surface are observed and compared to those of three controls: an untreated fabric, a fluorosilane-treated smooth surface, and an untreated film. In order to evaluate anti-icing properties of superhydrophobic surfaces, super-cooled water was dropped on the surface of the prepared superhydrophobic fabric and all three controls. In addition, water drops were deposited on a superhydrophobic surface and the controls, and then the samples along with water drops were placed in a freezer to make the water drops completely freeze. After the samples were removed from the freezer, they were placed on a plate inclined at 45° to compare the ice removal process of the superhydrophobic surface with those of the controls. It was found that a superhydrophobic surface, which was created by combining low surface energy and micro/nano rough structures, could provide anti-icing properties to the surface.