AZ91镁合金化学转化膜的制备及耐蚀性能的研究

在AZ91镁合金表面采用化学方法制备转化膜层。对植酸化学转化溶液中植酸质量分数,pH,反应温度,反应时间等进行单因素实验和正交试验,确定最佳工艺参数:3 mL/L植酸,3 g/L NaF,40 g/L H3BO3,15mL/L H2O2,pH为4.5。在镁合金表面获得淡灰致密,具有微细裂纹的膜层。在植酸化学转化溶液中添加5g/L Ce(NO3)3·6H2O获得更为优异的耐蚀膜层。通过X-射线衍射测试表明,添加Ce(NO3)3·6H2O的镁合金化学转化膜的主要成分为MgH10O24P6和CeO2。耐蚀性测试表明,两种溶液获得的镁合金化学转化膜的耐蚀性能均有提高,其中添加硝酸铈的膜层微观形貌及性能较佳。     

镁合金植酸转化膜的制备及其性能的研究

采用化学转化方法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备一种环境友好型的植酸转化膜。通过对pH值、温度、反应时间、植酸的质量分数等因素的控制,进行单因素实验和正交实验。确定的最佳工艺条件为:植酸3%,NaF 3g/L,H3BO340g/L,Ce(NO3)3·6H2O 5g/L,pH值4.5。采用优化后的工艺,能够在镁合金基体表面获得宏观上淡灰、致密,微观上具有微细裂纹的膜层。XRD测试表明:该植酸转化膜的主要成分为MgH10O24P6和CeO2。耐蚀性测试表明:植酸转化膜能有效地提高镁合金的耐蚀性。     

高耐蚀性镀锌层三价铬蓝白色钝化工艺

开发了一种环保的镀锌层三价铬蓝白色钝化工艺。研究了钝化液中CrCl3·6H2O、Na3C6H5O7、NaNO3、钴盐等成分及pH和温度等工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。蓝白钝化的最佳工艺条件为:CrCl3·6H2O 48g/L,NaNO3 20g/L,Na3C6H5O7 18g/L,钴盐18g/L,室温,pH1.5,钝化时间8s。采用最佳工艺所得钝化膜为光亮、均匀的蓝白色,表面平整、致密,耐蚀性优于镀锌层。     

AZ91D镁合金表面磷酸锌转化膜最优工艺及其耐蚀性研究

采用正交试验的方法,以耐蚀性为指标,探究了磷酸锌转化膜的最佳制备工艺.利用扫描电子显微镜和动电位极化曲线等表征手段,对转化膜的形貌和耐蚀性进行了研究。最佳的磷化液配方为:1.25g/L NaNO_3,3g/L C_6H_8O_7·H_2O,2.5g/L NaF,5.5g/L ZnO,12.5mL/L H_3PO_4。     

稀土钕对镀锌层三价铬蓝白钝化膜耐蚀性的影响

在三价铬钝化液中添加稀土钕,以提高三价铬蓝白钝化膜的耐蚀性。研究了钝化温度、pH、时间以及钝化液中稀土钕含量对钝化膜耐蚀性的影响,得到镀锌层三价铬蓝白钝化的最优工艺条件为:Cr2(SO4)3 18.9 g/L,Nd(NO3)3·6H2O 4 g/L,NaNO32.2 g/L,C6H8O7·H2O 0.7 g/L,CoSO4·7H2O 7 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O3.4 g/L,NH4HF2 0.2 g/L,温度30°C,pH 1.9,时间30 s。钝化液中添加稀土钕可有效提高钝化膜的耐蚀性。在最佳工艺条件下,钝化膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度和交流阻抗分别为-1.231 V、0.568μA/cm2和1 937?·cm2,中性盐雾试验出现白锈的时间为93 h。     

黄铜拉链苯并三氮唑-硝酸镧-钼酸钠钝化工艺

开发了一种黄铜拉链高效钝化工艺,钝化液以苯并三氮唑(BTA)为主,添加了少量硝酸镧和钼酸钠.探讨了钝化液配方、钝化温度和时间对经不同氧化着色工艺处理的黄铜拉链钝化效果的影响.结果表明,最佳钝化温度为30℃,钝化时间为2 min.适用于红古铜色、仿金色及仿银色拉链的钝化液配方为:BTA3 ～4g/L,La(NO3)3·6H2O 0.3 ～ 0.4g/L,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.6～0.8g/L,聚乙二醇6000 1g/L.上述配方简单且安全无毒.经钝化及涂油处理后,黄铜拉链的耐蚀性和耐热性明显提高.     

铝合金无铬化学转化膜工艺研究

以单宁酸和氟钛酸盐为主体原料,加入硝酸铜,在铝合金表面形成化学转化膜,以硫酸铜点滴试验为依据,通过单因素实验优化了铝合金非铬转化膜工艺条件:乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.5 g/L,氟钛酸钾1.0 g/L,氟硼酸铵0.25 g/L,单宁酸0.8 g/L,马日夫盐0.5 g/L,A液(含Cu(NO3)2·3H2O和氟钛酸)25 m L/L,化学转化液的p H 2.5~3.5,温度35°C,浸渍时间15 min。该工艺可在铝合金表面形成完整致密的金黄色非晶态化学转化膜,硫酸铜点滴时间达到6 min,具有较好的抗蚀性能。     

镁合金锌系磷酸盐-植酸盐复合转化膜耐蚀性的研究

在AZ91D镁合金表面制备锌系磷酸盐-植酸盐复合转化膜。通过硫酸铜点滴试验、Tafel曲线、交流阻抗谱等方法,研究了转化膜对镁合金表面性能的影响。通过正交试验优选出的最佳工艺参数为:植酸1%(体积分数),氧化锌10g/L,磷酸18mL/L,柠檬酸6g/L,酒石酸3g/L,氟化钠1g/L,硝酸锌5g/L,成膜温度40℃,成膜时间10min,pH值2。转化膜的存在较大程度地改善了AZ91D镁合金的耐蚀性。     

镁合金表面Ce-Mn和Ce-Mo复合转化膜性能的研究

对镁合金表面Ce-Mn和Ce-Mo复合转化膜的性能进行了研究。镁合金Ce-Mo复合转化的最佳配方为:Ce(NO3)39g/L,Na_2MoO_4 4g/L,C_6H_5Na_3O_7·2H_2O 2g/L,温度25℃,时间10min。镁合金Ce-Mn复合转化的最佳配方为:Ce(NO_3)_3 5g/L,KMnO_4 2g/L,NH_4HF_2 0.1g/L,Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O 0.2g/L,温度25℃,时间2min。最优配方下得到的镁合金复合转化膜平整、结晶细致。Ce-Mo复合转化膜的相组成为Mg、MoO_2、MoO_3、CeO_2和Ce2O_3;Ce-Mn复合转化膜的相组成为Mg、MgO、MnO_2、CeO_2和Ce_2O_3。两种复合转化膜的耐蚀性均比单系转化膜的耐蚀性好,其中Ce-Mo复合转化膜的耐蚀性最好。     

纳米化学复合镀镍–磷–氧化铝工艺

通过正交试验对45钢上复合化学镀Ni–P–Al2O3的工艺条件进行优化,得到的最佳工艺条件为:NiSO4·7H2O 25 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 30 g/L,CH3COONa 15 g/L,NaF 0.4 g/L,乳酸20 mL/L,硫脲20 mg/L,十二烷基磺酸钠0.1 g/L,纳米α-Al2O35 g/L,温度90°C,pH 4.8,时间2 h,转速300 r/min。分别采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、维氏硬度仪和电化学工作站对镀层的微观形貌、组成、显微硬度以及耐蚀性进行表征。在最优工艺下制备的Ni–P–Al2O3复合镀层,Al2O3微粒分布均匀,结构致密,显微硬度为204 HV,耐蚀性均优于Ni–P镀层。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。