基于Chebyshev区间方法的动力总成悬置系统稳健性优化

汽车动力总成悬置系统是车辆的主要隔振系统之一,其性能对整车NVH体验具有重大影响。考虑到动力总成悬置刚度值存在一定程度的偏差或波动,应用Chebyshev区间方法确定动力总成悬置系统固有频率和解耦率随元件刚度值波动的区间范围,通过实例确定其计算精度。以提高悬置系统频率和解耦率的稳健性为目的,按区间优化模型对某轿车悬置系统的频率和解耦率进行稳健性优化。结果表明,基于该优化方法可获得较好的能量解耦率、较高的稳健性并可减小悬置系统振动传递率。     

基于能量解耦法的某商用车动力总成悬置优化

为提升某商用车动力总成悬置系统的隔振性能,对现有方案前悬置主轴刚度进行优化。通过试验获得某商用车动力总成的惯性参数,利用能量法解耦计算求得固有频率和解耦率;分析不足后,运用MATLAB多目标优化算法,以前悬置刚度为变量,频率分离和解耦率为约束条件,解耦率加权和最大为目标函数,优化出最佳刚度值。通过隔振率试验,验证了优化方案的合理性。     

某重卡动力总成悬置系统稳健性优化设计

考虑橡胶减振产品刚度易受材料、制造工艺等因素影响,导致刚度上下波动,从而对系统减振隔振性能很大的影响。以某重卡动力总成悬置系统作为研究对象,以悬置刚度为设计变量,固有频率合理配置和解耦率为约束条件,以能量解耦率为目标,对悬置系统进行稳健性优化设计。结果表明,与确定性优化相比,稳健性优化设计不仅能够优化出合理的刚度参数,而且悬置系统NVH性能稳健性和可靠性显著提高,其中主要振动Roll方向频率的sigma水平从2.32sigma提高到3.19sigma,可靠度由94.25%提高到99.85%。     

某商用车动力总成悬置系统的优化设计

根据某国产商用车悬置系统测量的各项参数,建立动力总成悬置系统6自由度的动力学模型。运用能量解耦原理法及序列二次规划优化算法,以悬置系统各阶固有频率、动力总成质心位移和各悬置元件刚度为约束条件,以振动能量解耦率为优化目标,对动力总成悬置系统进行优化设计。试验结果表明,运用能量解耦法能使悬置系统取得良好的解耦效果,改善悬置系统的隔振性能,提高汽车乘坐舒适性。     

考虑车架作用的动力总成悬置系统解耦优化研究

汽车动力总成悬置系统振动是汽车振动的主要振源之一,针对传统六自由度模型的不足,建立了动力总成——车身的十三自由度模型,并推导了该模型的动力学方程。采用遗传算法与序列二次算法相结合的方式,对十三自由度动力总成悬置系统进行解耦优化计算,从整车层面提高了悬置系统解耦率。采用ADAMS建立仿真模型验证优化计算结果。最后编写动力总成悬置系统优化设计软件,通过本软件可快速实现动力总成悬置系统优化计算,获取整车环境下动力总成悬置系统的固有频率和解耦率,有效提高了动力总成悬置系统设计的效率。     

考虑安装误差的客车悬置系统的隔振研究

含辅助支撑客车动力总成悬置系统是一个超静定力学系统,安装误差可能导致系统振动恶化.通过建立客车动力总成悬置系统超静定力学物理模型,推导出相应的数学模型;通过MATLAB计算,对安装误差引起的悬置系统受力状态进行了分析;针对安装误差引起的悬置元件预载荷的变化,通过MTS台架对不同预载荷作用下悬置动刚度进行测试,对不同安装误差动力总成悬置系统固有频率和解耦率进行了分析,结果表明安装误差一定程度上使固有频率和解耦率偏离设计值;为减小安装误差对悬置系统影响,提出了辅助支撑悬置刚度设计的参考计算方法.     

挖掘机动力总成悬置系统隔振分析及优化

针对某型挖掘机怠速工况下出现动力总成晃动较大的现象,建立了动力总成悬置系统动力学模型.运用能量解耦方法,以悬置系统的动刚度为设计变量,以悬置系统的模态频率为约束条件,以主要激励方向的解耦率为优化目标,对动力总成悬置系统进行了优化.优化后系统的关键方向解耦率最大提高了20.2%.分别对优化前后的悬置系统进行了振动测试,结果显示优化后悬置系统的隔振性能有了明显提高.     

MATLAB在动力总成悬置系统优化设计的应用

动力总成悬置系统的设计对汽车的平顺性、发动机的工作性能等都很重要.为了能够提高动力总成悬置系统的性能,应用拉格朗日法建立了动力总成悬置系统的数学模型,用MATLAB编制动力总成悬置系统固有频率和能量分布矩阵程序并在优化之前在ADAMS中建立模型仿真验证程序的正确性,并利用多目标优化方法对悬置系统刚度进行优化设计,计算结果表明,对悬置刚度进行优化能有效提高解耦率,从而改善系统的NVH性能.同时利用MATLAB/GUIDE工具箱建立通用的悬置固有频率和能量解耦率图形用户界面.     

基于EXCEL/VBA的动力总成悬置系统的解耦计算

介绍了通过建立动力总成橡胶悬置系统力学模型,计算橡胶悬置系统刚度矩阵、固有频率、主振型和能量解耦。利用EXCEL/VBA编程制作橡胶悬置系统解耦EXCEL计算表,通过EXCEL计算表快速计算出悬置系统的固有频率、主振型和解耦能量分布。为对悬置系统设计是否满足要求进行判定作依据。     

计及阻尼影响的悬置系统响应解耦优化

为实现计及阻尼影响的动力总成悬置系统的解耦,建立了包含阻尼系统的动力总成悬置系统模型,计算了比例和非比例阻尼影响下的系统响应,根据悬置系统的响应特性和解耦优化原理,提出了响应解耦法。以怠速频率下100％扭矩轴响应解耦和固有频率的合理配置为优化目标,利用mode FRONTIER软件对悬置系统进行解耦优化,并在MATLAB中对优化后的解耦效果进行仿真验证,结果表明,在考虑非比例阻尼的情况下,所提出的解耦方法比能量解耦法的解耦效果更好。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.