微小型车铣加工表面粗糙度正交试验研究

铣车转速比、工件转速、轴向进给量以及切削深度是车铣加工中相对独立的四个重要切削参数.运用正交试验法研究微小型零件车铣加工表面粗糙度与上述四因素的关系.试验数据分析结果表明,该四因素对表面粗糙度的影响程度从大到小依次为:铣车转速比、轴向进给量、工件转速、切削深度.而且转速比的提高对粗糙度值的影响是单调的,转速比越高粗糙度越低.这一结论也与单因素试验结果相吻合.由试验结果分析还得到各切削参数的优化匹配关系.     

开式砂带磨削参数对表面粗糙度影响的分析与优化

根据砂带磨削的原理设计了开式接触轮式砂带磨削装置,并将其应用于普通车床,对机械加工中较难加工的细长轴进行砂带磨削试验。通过试验分析了砂带转速、工件转速、磨削深度等因素对工件表面粗糙度的影响,并对磨削参数进行优化。结果表明在车床上采用开式接触轮式砂带磨削装置对细长轴进行精加工,能有效地降低表面粗糙度。在工件转速nW=1 000 r/min、砂带转速nS=3 r/min、磨削深度ap=0.07 mm、纵向进给速度f=0.02 mm/r条件下,能获得最优的表面粗糙度Ra0.48μm。     

细长轴振动车削表面粗糙度的研究

根据超声波振动车削加工原理,第一步通过逐点单因素试验对超声振动切削下细长轴不同位置处表面粗糙度随切削用量的变化进行了研究,确定了不同切削因素变化下细长轴表面粗糙度的极值位置;第二步通过正交试验研究了超声振动车削细长轴时切削用量对工件整体平均表面粗糙度的影响,并与普通切削进行了对比试验。试验结果表明:超声波振动车削能够显著改善细长轴加工后的表面粗糙度。同时研究了各切削用量对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并对超声振动切削参数进行优化,得出试验最佳切削参数。     

细长轴切削盘

在车床上加工超长细长轴比较困难,一般需要加长的车床床身、若干个中心架支撑工件,还要有一定的技术水平。我们通过实践的探索和改革,研制出细长轴切削盘,安装在C616车床上,可加工出无限长的细长轴。加工时,工件不转动,只作轴向移动,切削盘作高速旋转,双刀同时切削。加工精度可达IT8级,表面粗糙度R_α0.8,全长外径尺寸误差不超过0.53mm。     

正交车铣细长轴的切削稳定性研究

为解决传统车削细长轴类工件时易出现振动、变形、加工质量不易控制等难题,应用正交车铣加工技术,由于其独特的切削运动,使其成为了细长轴等弱刚度工件切削加工的良好解决方案。建立了考虑刀具-刀柄-主轴结合面的电主轴以及不同装夹下的工件的有限元模型,并对其进行了频率响应分析。运用半功率点法对动力学参数拾取并进行计算,对不同装夹方式以及切削参数下的极限切削深度进行了分析。以车铣切削振动系统传递函数为基础,建立了正交车铣细长轴的切削深度计算模型。研究表明,正交车铣细长轴的极限切削深度随进给量的增大而减小,随铣刀半径的增大而增大,为实现细长轴类工件的车铣加工应用打下理论基础。     

细长轴切削盘

在普通的车床上加工细长轴,一般需要加长的车床床身和若干个中心架支撑工件才能完成。我厂需加工细长轴直径是φ8～25mm,长度大多是1m以上;精度要求也较高。我们通过实践的探索和改革,终于制造出细长轴切削盘装置,并能安装在C616普通车床上加工,使原来的工件转动改为工件不转动,而只作轴向移动,并采用双刀高速旋转切削的方式进行加工。加工后的工件精度可达IT8级,表面粗糙度达R_α0.8,全长外径尺寸误差不超过0.03mm,完全符合图纸要求。这是一种较为理想的细长轴加工方法之一。现简介如下。     

车铣加工光学自由曲面表面粗糙度研究

针对光学自由曲面加工的困难,将车铣复合加工应用于光学自由曲面加工中。采用正交试验极差分析法,研究了铣刀转速、进给速度、铣削深度与表面粗糙度之间的关系。试验结果表明:铣削参数对表面粗糙度的影响按照从大到小依次为工件材料、进给速度、铣削深度、铣刀转速;增大铣刀转速和进给速度,减小铣削深度,可以获得较好的加工表面。当铣刀转速为9000 r/min,进给速度为400 mm/min,铣削深度为0.06 mm,工件材料为黄铜时,车铣复合加工光学自由曲面的表面加工质量最优。     

基于车铣复合加工的已加工表面粗糙度分析

车铣复合加工是近些年来发展起来的先进的切削加工技术之一。本文采用正交实验方法,进行了正交车铣加工铝合金工件材料的切削实验,确定了车铣切削用量（铣刀转速、轴向进给量、每齿进给量等）与已加工表面粗糙度之间的关系。最后,通过正交实验法的方差分析进一步确定了各因素对表面粗糙度的影响及主次顺序。实验表明,铣刀转速（切削速度）和工件转速对表面粗糙度的影响较大。     

低速铣削中表面粗糙度影响因素及切削参数优化研究

通过铝合金薄壁工件切削试验,对铣削加工中表面粗糙度的影响机理进行分析,建立了铝合金薄壁工件表面粗糙度预测模型,采用多元回归正交分析法获得了表面粗糙度的经验公式。结合正交试验的极差分析,获取不同的加工参数对表面粗糙度的影响显著性。并基于表面粗糙度,以材料去除率为优化目标,对切削参数进行优化。研究结果表明,切削参数对表面粗糙度的影响显著性为:每齿进给切削宽度切削速度;较优化的切削参数为:切削速度201 m/min,每齿进给0.19 mm/齿,径向切宽11 mm。为铝合金工件的铣削加工提供理论方法和试验依据。     

车铣加工细长轴的振动特性分析

应用正交车铣可以实现细长轴等弱刚度零件的高速和精密切削加工,可作为传统车削加工的替代加工方法。针对细长轴类零件的正交车铣加工,建立了考虑刀具—刀柄—主轴结合面的电主轴以及不同装夹下的工艺系统的有限元模型,并对不同切削参数以及不同装夹方式下的铣刀系统、工件以及工艺系统的幅频特性进行了分析。同时,对比研究了在车铣和车削加工条件下工艺系统的幅频特性,研究表明:在不同装夹方式下车铣加工较车削加工的振动特性有很大改善,研究结果为细长轴类零件的正交车铣加工应用打下理论基础。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.