分散剂在TC4上进行电火花小孔加工的性能

针对在TC4上进行电火花小孔加工时工件材料去除速度低、相对电极损耗大的问题,为使加工高效低耗,尝试将一定浓度的分散剂聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）作为电火花小孔工作液,从加工碎屑状态、工作液表面张力等方面进行研究,并应用FLUENT软件对间隙工作液流速进行模拟,分析流场对碎屑的影响。在此基础上进行加工和稳定性实验,得到在TC4上进行电火花小孔加工的最佳工作液配比,改进后材料去除速度最大提高97.56%,加工深径比最大提高了56.94%,研究结果为电火花加工配制合适的工作液提供了参考。     

复合PAAS工作液与工件半浸液的深小孔电火花加工工艺

现有电火花小孔机床在加工大深径比小孔时存在加工稳定性差、小孔质量差、相对电极损耗率大等技术难点。深入分析D703F电火花小孔加工机床的原理及特点,实验证明使用一定浓度分散剂聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)作为工作液可大幅提高小孔加工速度、降低相对电极损耗,但随着加工小孔深径比变大,孔内加工环境变差、散热困难,PAAS工作液会产生碳化现象反而阻碍了正常加工。用PAAS工作液和工件半浸液复合的方法,使工件在加工时能良好散热,减缓PAAS工作液的碳化现象,正常发挥分散作用,从而达到高速加工大深径比小孔的目的。     

HEDP在电火花小孔加工中的作用机理及实验论证

电火花小孔加工(EDM)存在工件材料去除率低,相对电极损耗大的问题。为克服以上问题,以一定浓度的有机磷酸类分散剂羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDP)溶液作为电火花小孔加工工作液,从工作液表面张力、电导率及其对加工碎屑影响等方面进行研究。在理论分析基础上进行对比实验,结果表明改良后的工作液可使电火花小孔加工材料去除率大幅提高、相对电极损耗明显降低。综合考虑得到了电火花小孔加工以分散剂HEDP作为工作液的最佳工作液配比。     

PAA和TH-3100在电火花小孔加工中的作用机理分析和试验

深入分析了分散剂(PAA、TH-3100)利于排屑、可提高电火花小孔加工的材料去除率、能降低电极相对损耗的作用机理。在理论分析基础上进行了试验验证,结果表明在高速电火花小孔加工的水工作液中加入一定比例的PAA或TH-3100后,加工材料去除率大幅度提高,电极相对损耗明显降低,而且TH-3100对电火花小孔加工的作用效果优于PAA。     

复合电极与分散剂工作液电火花小孔加工工艺研究

小孔加工是电火花加工的一种应用技术,在难加工和异形孔加工中有着独特的优势,目前已被广泛应用。这种技术存在的缺陷是随着被加工孔深径比的增加,加工效率下降,工具电极损耗加大,不能最大限度地满足生产需要。为了克服以上缺陷,提出复合电极与分散剂工作液电火花小孔加工工艺。制作了复合电极和分散剂工作液,在D703F电火花小孔加工机床上进行了加工实验,结果表明:合理选用复合电极和分散剂工作液,可以有效提高加工速度、降低电极相对损耗,而被加工孔的深径比也有显著提高,该工艺可为合理选择工具电极和工作液提供具体工艺参数并且对实现"高效低损耗"加工具有一定现实意义。     

不同工作液的电火花小孔间隙流场仿真及实验验证

现有电火花小孔加工工艺加工过程中存在工件材料去除率低,相对电极损耗大的问题。为克服以上问题,尝试以一定浓度的有机磷酸类分散剂羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDP)溶液作为电火花小孔加工工作液,分析得到新的工作液能有效减小加工碎屑的大小等作用机理。使用FULENT对不同工作液的电火花小孔加工间隙流场进行仿真,从而可以进一步研究新工作对电火花小孔加工的作用和机理,之后通过大量加工实验对仿真结果进行验证。通过仿真和实验的结果,证实了新型工作液对电火花小孔加工的作用和机理,为新工作液的应用提供了理论基础。     

分散剂在电火花小孔加工中的作用机理及试验研究

从研究水分散剂的分散机理入手,分析研究了水分散剂对电火花小孔加工的排屑、加工速度和加工质量的影响。通过电火花小孔加工中采用自来水工作液和分散剂工作液的加工效果对比,发现在电火花小孔加工的水基工作液中加入一定比例的分散剂后,不仅使电火花小孔加工的加工速度提高、电极相对损耗降低,而且有效脉冲数增加,二次放电数明显减少,工具电极作用端和被加工孔的锥度变小,加工质量提高。     

利用新型工作液和改进电极提高电火花加工性能的试验

针对电火花小孔加工中加工速度低、电极损耗严重、工件产生斜度和棱角变钝等缺陷,提出了改进小孔工具电极、研制新型工作液以提高电火花加工性能的具体措施,并在电火花机床上进行了试验。通过大量的试验研究得出:在相同的电参数下,与传统工艺相比,采用新型工作液作为介质并配有改进的电极进行电火花小孔加工时,其加工速度大幅提高、电极损耗与工件锥度有所降低,从而提高了电火花加工性能。     

航空发动机高涡叶片气膜孔电火花加工工艺参数优化

高速电火花小孔加工是近年来一项新兴的先进制造技术。其原理是在旋转的中空管状电极中通以高压工作液,冲走加工屑,同时保持高电流密度连续正常放电。电极旋转可使端面损耗均匀,不致受高压、高速工作液的反作用力而偏斜。然而,在电火花小孔加工特别是深孔加工时,容易在工件上留下毛刺料芯以及被去除的工件材料的微小颗粒。     

铝基碳化硅异形电极电火花加工技术研究

为了改善电火花深小孔加工过程中,因加工碎屑排出不畅而导致的加工速度慢、电极损耗严重等问题,制备螺旋、三沟槽和削边三种形貌的异形结构电极。在相同的加工条件下,以铝基碳化硅为实验材料,采用异形结构电极与圆柱电极分别进行不同深度下深小孔加工实验,对加工效率、电极损耗和深小孔内表面形貌三方面进行对比分析。实验结果表明:异形结构电极在深小孔的加工效率和电极损耗方面都优于圆柱电极;小孔内表面形貌方面:圆柱电极加工后的孔内表面附着碎屑较多。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.