推力轴承支承方式及间隙影响研究

研究了推力轴承支承方式及油膜间隙对推力轴承性能的影响,利用Newton-Raphson法编制差分计算程序,求得了推力轴承Reynolds方程和二维能量方程的数值解,得到了不同支撑方式下瓦块的油膜厚度、压力分布和温度分布。计算结果表明,点支承扇形瓦推力轴承的热力学性能要好于线支承扇形瓦推力轴承,同时支承处的油膜厚度对瓦块的承载能力影响很大。可以通过控制每个瓦块支承处的油膜厚度,避免推力轴承内部偏载的发生,降低推力瓦块的最大温升。     

基于CFD的水润滑斜－平面瓦推力轴承承载能力分析

水润滑斜-平面推力轴承用水作为润滑介质,传统油润滑斜-平面推力轴承的计算公式及图表不再适用。基于计算流体动力学(CFD)理论,建立不同的水膜润滑模型并进行仿真计算,在水槽尺寸一定时,分析最小水膜厚度、瓦块中径上瓦斜面升高比、瓦块中径上斜面和平面之比以及转速对某斜-平面瓦推力轴承承载力的影响。结果表明:水膜的厚度是影响水膜承载力的主要因素,水润滑斜-平面瓦轴承轴向承载力随着水膜厚度的减小而增加;当水槽尺寸、最小水膜厚度以及转速一定,瓦斜面占长比为0.7、瓦斜面升高比为2时,轴承承载能力最大;在靠近水槽的轴承壁面上产生了空化现象;对于某个特定结构的轴瓦,推力环转速的变化不影响水膜压强中心的位置。     

线支承扇形瓦推力轴承热动力润滑性能分析

建立了线支承扇形瓦推力轴承中油膜压力、油膜厚度、能量方程和粘温方程等的无量纲表达式，研究了各种刮瓦形式和支承线的倾斜度对推力轴承的油有膜厚度分布和温度分布的影响，研究表明，对于可倾瓦来说，各种刮瓦形式并不能有效降低润滑油的温升，不会明显改善推力轴承的润滑性能；推力轴承在经过长期运行后，推力瓦块支承线因受压缩将会向内倾斜，瓦块外半径处沿圆周方向上的油膜厚度显著减小，从而使润滑油温升大大提高，明显降低了推力轴承的润滑性能。     

潜水泵水润滑推力轴承润滑性能数值分析

以推力轴承扇形瓦块为研究对象,采用柱面坐标,通过对二维雷诺方程进行离散化求解,计算得出水膜厚度、压力和温度场的分布规律,并研究推力环转速、推力瓦倾角和潜水深度对轴承润滑性能的影响规律。研究表明:最大水膜压力和推力瓦最高温度均出现在推力瓦出水口靠近外径的位置。     

船用水润滑推力轴承扇形推力瓦润滑性能数值分析

采用数值分析方法研究了船用水润滑推力轴承扇形推力瓦的润滑性能问题,计算得出了水膜厚度、压力分布、推力瓦位移场和温度场的三维分布规律.研究表明:在推力瓦不同位置有着较大温度差,水膜最大厚度和最大压力、推力瓦最高温度和最大变形均出现在推力瓦周向出水口的位置.     

船舶可倾瓦推力轴承工况参数对润滑特性的影响

为研究船舶工况参数对可倾瓦推力轴承稳态和瞬态润滑特性的影响,利用Matlab建立船舶可倾瓦推力轴承热弹流体动压润滑计算模型,考虑轴瓦的热弹性变形,联立黏温方程、能量方程、油膜刚度和阻尼系数方程求解模型,研究热弹性变形以及不同载荷和转速情况下船舶可倾瓦推力轴承的润滑特性。结果表明：考虑热弹性变形时,最小油膜厚度增大,最大油膜压力和最高油膜温度降低;在正常运行工况条件下,轴瓦的热弹性变形有利于改善推力轴承的润滑性能,轴承设计时应考虑材料的抗压性和耐热性;在转速不变时随着载荷的增大,最小油膜厚度降低,最大油膜压力、温度、油膜刚度和阻尼均增加,需要特别注意重载工况下轴承的动压润滑状况;在载荷相同的情况下,随着转速的提高,油膜厚度和油膜温度增大,油膜压力变化不明显,油膜刚度和阻尼随转速增大而降低,在转速较低时下降较为明显。研究结果为优化轴承设计、提高轴承运行的可靠性和稳定性提供参考。     

可倾瓦推力轴承润滑膜厚度的超声检测技术研究*

核主泵、水轮机等设备大多为立式轴系,轴系中的推力轴承为扇形可倾瓦轴承,基于承载和抗磨损角度考虑润滑膜的厚度值成为了反映表征推力轴承工作状态的一个重要指标。为精确检测可倾瓦推力轴承的润滑膜厚度,基于超声无损检测技术给出针对润滑膜厚度的检测模型,并构建推力轴承润滑膜厚度的超声检测系统。该系统主要由推力轴承试验台和超声在线检测装置组成。在推力轴承额定转速1 800 r/min、试验时间6 min的条件下,采用超声测试获得推力瓦块进油边和出油边附近的润滑膜厚度,采用电涡流测试获得瓦块支点处的润滑膜厚度,并将超声测量数据与理论计算数据进行对比。超声测试结果计算获得的支点处润滑膜厚度值为47 μm,与电涡流传感器测得的平均值51 μm仅相差4 μm,从试验角度证明了超声测试方法的可行性;另外,在测点1处润滑膜厚度的理论计算值与超声测试值相差8 μm,在测点2处润滑膜厚度的理论计算值与超声测试值相差3 μm,从理论角度证明了超声测试方法的可行性。     

扇形推力轴瓦润滑性能的数值分析

采用数值分析方法研究了重型机械装备中扇形推力轴瓦的润滑性能问题,计算了单个扇形推力轴瓦瓦面的油膜形状性能、油膜压力和油膜温度的分布规律,以及功率损失和流量等参数。对不同工况下扇形推力轴瓦润滑参数进行计算,可以实现扇形推力轴瓦润滑性能的预报,计算结果可供扇形推力轴瓦设计和润滑性能研究作参考。     

可倾瓦推力轴承在工况参数变化下的瞬态润滑性能研究

建立可倾瓦推力轴承中的油膜厚度方程、瞬态油膜压力方程、瞬态油膜温度方程以及求解油膜力和瓦块力矩的数学模型 ,提出基本方程的数值求解过程 ,研究可倾瓦推力轴承变转速下的瞬态润滑性能。     

弹支可倾瓦推力轴承弹性垫最佳偏心率的影响因素

为了优化橡胶垫支撑的水润滑可倾瓦推力轴承橡胶垫的偏心率,并研究橡胶垫最佳偏心率的影响因素,提出了轴承热流体动压润滑性能计算模型,采用有限元法求解橡胶垫在非均匀压缩时作用于推力瓦块的支撑力和力矩,并拟合支撑力和力矩随压缩量和瓦块倾角变化关系方程,采用有限差分法求解流体域各控制方程,研究了载荷、转速、瓦块尺寸和长宽比等因素对橡胶垫最佳偏心率的影响规律。研究表明,橡胶垫的最佳偏心率与载荷和转速无关,但受瓦块长度和宽度变化的影响;在橡胶垫尺寸和材料不变的情况下增大瓦长,橡胶垫的径向和周向最佳偏心率分别减小和增大;增大瓦宽,径向和周向最佳偏心率分别增大和减小;同时增大瓦长和瓦宽,但保持瓦块长宽比不变,径向和周向最佳偏心率都增大。橡胶垫在最佳偏心率范围内取值时,计算的水膜厚度在周向和径向的膜厚比也在它们的最佳值范围内,分别为1.3～1.4和0.12～0.20。研究方法和结果对设计橡胶垫支撑的弹支可倾瓦推力轴承有指导意义。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.