两级阻尼可调式液压减振器的性能仿真与试验

可调阻尼减振器是汽车半主动悬架的关键部件.根据某大客车电控半主动悬架的阻尼控制要求,以该车原被动式液压减振器为基础,设计出一种具有两级阻尼特性的可调减振器.采用共轭梁法计算节流阀片的挠曲变形,建立该减振器阻尼特性的数学模型,仿真分析活塞杆直径,阻尼阀孔径以及调节孔孔径等主要结构参数对减振器阻尼性能的影响,在此基础上确定可调减振器的主要设计参数.对研制的可调减振器样件进行阻尼性能测试,结果表明:减振器的两级阻尼状态变化明显,阻尼切换控制准确,阻尼力试验值与仿真值的偏差小于8%,说明所建的减振器数学模型具有较高的精度,采用共轭粱法计算节流阀片挠曲变形是可行有效的,为设计开发可调阻尼液压减振器和研究汽车半主动悬架提供了重要依据.     

基于ADAMS的载重汽车半主动悬架磁流变减振系统研究

为改善车辆悬架系统的刚度和阻尼特性,通过分析载重汽车半主动悬架系统的运动,建立了半主动悬架磁流变减振器阻尼力设计模型,确定了磁流变阻尼器的结构参数、控制策略,应用ADAMS软件仿真分析了磁流变连续可变阻尼半主动悬架的动力学响应。仿真结果表明,磁流变阻尼器具有很好的阻尼减振效应。利用磁流变液体的表观黏度随外加磁场变化阻尼可变的特性,控制半主动悬架的刚度和阻尼规律,实现了载重汽车的自适应减振,有效改善了车辆的行驶平顺性及操纵稳定性。     

阻尼两级可调减振器对悬架减振效果的影响

阻尼可调减振器是汽车半主动悬架的关键部件,对汽车悬架的减振效果有重要影响。建立悬架系统物理模型,由悬架系统受力情况采用牛顿第二定律建立系统线性微分方程,推导出悬架系统的状态空间表达式。根据“天棚”控制原理,采用MATLAB中的SIMULINK模块分别对安装定阻尼和阻尼两级可调减振器的悬架系统在随机路面工况下进行仿真．得到汽车的加速度、悬架动挠度和车轮相对动载。通过比较分析出采用阻尼两级可调减振器对汽车悬架系统的减振效果具有明显的作用,可提高汽车的行驶平顺性,为设计开发阻尼分级可调减振器和研究汽车半主动悬架提供了重要依据。     

馈能磁流变半主动悬架模糊滑模控制

为优化悬架减振性能和馈能性能,提出了一种馈能磁流变减振器结构,并设计了相应的半主动悬架模糊滑模控制策略。建立了磁流变减振器力学模型和馈能模型,以及相应的二自由度半主动悬架系统数学模型。针对半主动悬架系统的不确定性,基于混合天地棚阻尼控制系统,设计了滑模变结构控制器。使用饱和函数缓解系统抖振,并运用模糊控制优化滑模控制器。用谐波叠加法生成路面激励输入,分别对被动悬架、基于混合天地棚阻尼控制的半主动悬架以及基于模糊滑模控制的半主动悬架进行对比仿真。结果表明：基于模糊滑模控制的半主动悬架减振性能更好,能耗更小,且有良好的馈能性能,验证了馈能磁流变减振器结构的可行性和模糊滑模控制策略的有效性。     

基于模糊控制的高速列车半主动减振器研究

装有被动减振器的列车在时速大于200km的高速运行条件下，振动性能恶化。采用半主动减振器后，通过对减振阻尼系数的实时调整，可改善高速列车运行时的动力学性能。采用高速开关阀来控制的半主动减振器，运用模糊控制策略动态地确定车辆运行时的阻尼值，并通过PWM控制方式实现阻尼的调节。这种新型减振器具有减振力调节方便，控制实时性好，结构相对简单的优点。     

电控悬架用可变阻尼减振器动态特性研究

为了提高悬架减振器的设计效率和降低开发的难度,以某乘用车的可变阻尼减振器为研究对象,对减振器的实物模型和力学特性研究建立了减振器的仿真模型,利用AMESim仿真软件得出减振器的外特性曲线,在相同的参数条件下进行台架试验并验证了模型的精确性.在减振器系统的基础上分别建立1/4车辆被动悬架和半主动悬架仿真模型,在PID控制器的控制下得出在不同激励下车身振动特性曲线的幅值和功率谱密度大小,检验了两种不同悬架的减振性能.结果表明:仿真模型的外特性曲线和台架试验的结果在误差范围内吻合良好,半主动悬架中车身振动曲线的幅值和功率谱密度较被动悬架小.验证了可变阻尼减振器和悬架仿真模型的正确性,说明了这种研究方法的有效性.     

电流变减振器仿真分析

电流变减振器是根据电流变材料具有电流变效应的特性,通过电场来控制电流变流体的流动特性,以实现阻尼力控制。从应用研究的角度出发,将电流变液减振器应用于汽车半主动悬架的减振,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真软件研究模糊控制用于变阻尼汽车半主动悬架控制的可行性。     

汽车悬架的磁流变减振器阻尼力调节特性的研究

以磁流变阻尼控制方法为向导,研究汽车悬架系统中的磁流变减振器阻尼力的调节原理,以高斯白噪声的路面为输入,分析汽车被动与半主动悬架系统中的磁流变减振器的黏性阻尼力和库仑阻尼力的调节特性,讨论半主动悬架系统的磁流变减振器的最优控制方法,通过计算机仿真,获取半主动悬架系统最优控制的磁流变阻尼力的控制电流随路面激励而变化的关系.     

车辆悬架磁流变减振器阻尼特性实验研究

磁流变减振器的阻尼力特性是磁流变半主动悬架系统在振动控制中分析和设计的重要依据。基于实验研究磁流变减振器的阻尼特性,分析其阻尼性能的特点,拟合库仑阻尼与电流的关系式,为磁流变半主动悬架的系统控制和应用提供理论支持。     

半主动悬架及其控制系统的设计与研究

设计了一种节流口可调式液压减振器，通过理论分析和阻尼特性试验，得出了阻尼力与步进电机转角之间的关系。在此基础上，设计了半主动悬架控制系统，建立了半主动悬架试验物理模型，并进行了半主动悬架系统试验研究。结果表明，设计的半主动悬架及其控制系统性能稳定可靠，其动态性能明显优于传统被动悬架。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.