柴油机噪声源识别与噪声特性研究

以某型号柴油机为研究对象,测量了柴油机外特性工况、负荷特性工况下的整机噪声和主要零部件近场噪声,结合频谱分析进行了噪声源识别。研究结果表明,柴油机标定工况的整机声功率级106.3 dB(A);在负荷不变的情况下,柴油机噪声随着转速的上升而增大。高转速时,柴油机负荷的变化对噪声影响不大;柴油机近场噪声较高的部位是油泵、油底壳、曲轴皮带轮和空气滤清器;低速时,进气噪声是柴油机主要噪声源,频率120~125)Hz处的峰值与周期性压力脉动频率相吻合,频率315 Hz处的峰值与气柱共振系统的固有频率相吻合,气柱共振噪声要高于周期性压力脉动噪声。     

某型装载机司机室振动噪声试验分析

对某型装载机进行了振动噪声测试,得到装载机司机室基座的三向加速度响应时间历程和室内噪声数据,并对其进行数据处理及分析.结果表明:该型装载机司机室基座加速度激励的基频为36 Hz,恰好处于发动机激励频率12 Hz的倍频程上;怠速定置工况下室内测点处的噪声约为74 d B,静止举动铲斗时的噪声约为85 d B.     

螺杆压缩机低频噪声性能控制研究

针对螺杆压缩机噪声存在突出的低频成分现象,提出了一种典型的被动降噪方法,该方法利用阻尼减振降噪机理,将阻尼材料贴附在隔声罩外层钢板与内层吸声材料之间,形成隔声层加阻尼层与吸声层的结构,从而提高对低频噪声的控制能力。结果表明,试验机噪声水平在200 Hz中心频率以下各个频段均有5~10 d B(A)左右的改善,且全频段噪声声压级降低4.5d B(A),符合预期要求。     

两用燃料发动机噪声源特性的试验研究

以一台车用4缸汽油压缩天然气(CNG)两用燃料发动机为研究对象进行噪声源识别,测试工况为怠速工况、最大转矩工况与最大功率工况。首先测试发动机的1 m声压级,定位噪声最大的端面为发动机前端,再使用基于波束形成技术的声阵列系统对发动机前端和进气侧进行分析,分析结果表明汽油与CNG燃料主要噪声频段均位于1 000~2 000 Hz,进而识别出主要噪声源为链壳,通过振动测试验证了噪声源,并对两种燃料的噪声源特点进行了比较。研究表明波束形成技术在噪声源识别中具有快捷、直观的优点;两用燃料发动机CNG燃料怠速噪声较汽油燃料各对应面大5~7 d B,250 Hz以下的燃烧噪声是主要成因。     

喷油参数对发动机怠速工况噪声与声品质的影响

以某4缸柴油机为研究对象,选取怠速工况进行噪声试验。首先研究了主喷正时、预喷间隔和预喷油量对发动机声压级及声品质参数的影响,并对不同喷油参数下的燃烧过程进行了分析。随后对该发动机怠速工况进行了噪声品质优化。试验结果表明,不同喷油参数对发动机声品质具有较大影响。响度的变化趋势与声压级基本相同。通过优化燃烧过程,降低发动机高频振荡与循环波动,可以有效降低声品质尖锐度与粗糙度,但波动度几乎不受影响。最后对怠速工况发动机声品质进行多参数优化,在保证发动机排放性能的同时声品质较原机明显提高。尖锐度由1.747acum降低至1.709acum,较原机降低约2.1%。粗糙度由0.748asper降低至0.639asper,较原机降低14.8%。     

油底壳对柴油机噪声影响实验研究

针对某柴油发动机,通过实验测试研究了油底壳对其整机1 m辐射噪声的影响。研究结果表明,使用硬纸板密封的油底壳的整机噪声比使用橡胶垫密封的油底壳的整机噪声声压级高出2 dB左右,说明橡胶垫密封的油底壳有很好的隔声降噪作用。在低转速工况,使用橡胶垫密封的油底壳与使用硬纸板密封的油底壳的整机噪声的差异较小,转速增大,两者噪声差异增大。使用橡胶垫密封的油底壳的整机机械噪声在各工况点均大于使用硬纸板密封的油底壳的整机噪声,但使用橡胶垫密封的油底壳的整机燃烧噪声在各工况点均小于使用硬纸板密封的油底壳的整机噪声,这说明使用硬纸板密封的油底壳对高频噪声有很好的抑制作用。     

基于动力学分析的发动机噪声控制分析

某300cc排量的摩托车发动机在怠速工况下,整机噪声较大,通过对发动机进行声强扫描和频谱特性分析,得出该发动机初级传动齿轮的啮合噪声为最大贡献源。然后对发动机动力-传动系统建立动力学模型并进行仿真分析,得出造成该齿轮啮合噪声最大的主要原因为离合器扭转刚度匹配不合理。通过对其离合器进行优化设计,整机噪声声压级得到降低,该分析方法为发动机噪声控制提供依据,具有较强的实用价值。     

降低SUV柴油机油轨进油管低频噪声研究

在新开发乘用车四缸柴油机过程中,柴油机运行时油轨进油管产生峰值高的低频噪声传到了驾驶室内,降低了驾乘人员的主观舒适度。用声源定位测试分析520Hz附近噪声源为油轨进油管。通过模态计算和试验,油轨进油管固定夹至油轨间管路存在频率520Hz附近一阶模态。由于管路较长,固定位置为塑料进气歧管,导致油管一阶520Hz附近模态被高压燃油脉动激励,振动产生较大噪声。在油管520Hz附近模态振动位移最大处,安装减振橡胶阻尼块以抑制油管振动。通过对方案优化,使整车状态的怠速工况顶部噪声450-550Hz噪声降低5.9dB(A),加速工况520Hz附近共振带消失,主观评价该噪声消除。     

四缸增压柴油机噪声试验研究

通过研究一台四缸直喷增压柴油机整机噪声和近声场噪声频谱,分析发动机的噪声特性及噪声主要来源。在不改变柴油机主要零部件结构的前提下,采取改变供油提前角、发动机功率、增压器类型、油嘴开启压力、油泵参数等措施,对比分析各措施对发动机噪声的影响效果,确定综合降噪措施。试验结果表明:各措施都取得了一定降噪效果,在最佳方案下柴油机整机噪声声功率级降低了1.32 d B(A)。     

车内轰鸣噪声的研究及优化

以某客车为研究对象,基于声振测试、频谱分析对怠速轰鸣现象进行研究,确定轰鸣噪声是由空调压缩机激励频率与车内声腔模态耦合引起。通过优化发动机悬置系统、加强空调压缩机支架刚度提升其固有频率避免70 Hz共振,由此削弱了车内声振耦合作用,改善了车内轰鸣噪声。实验结果表明:车内轰鸣噪声得到改善,A计权声压级降低了9.15 dB(A),由此为客车轰鸣噪声问题提供了可借鉴的解决方法。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.