医疗植入物表面抗菌涂层的构建及应用进展

近年来,随着新型诊断和手术等相关技术的发展,对各种专用器械和医疗植入物的需求量越来越多,这些新医疗装置的应用挽救了许多人的生命。与此同时,医疗植入物带来了感染、炎症和血栓形成的临床风险,会造成治疗的失败以及死亡率和医疗成本的增加。医疗植入物表面抗菌涂层的构建是解决感染的有效方法。本文旨在对石墨烯基抗菌涂层、水凝胶类抗菌涂层和聚合物类抗菌涂层在医疗植入物表面的应用进行综述。     

金属基抗菌涂层发展现状

对金属材料表面有机抗菌涂层、无机抗菌涂层(包括金属离子型抗菌涂层和光催化剂型抗菌涂层)以及复合抗菌涂层等进行了论述.综述了国内外抗菌涂层的研究现状,指出其发展趋势.     

抗菌建材的研究现状

综述了抗菌建材的抗菌原理及研究现状,主要介绍了抗菌剂在建筑材料中装饰纸、陶瓷及涂料的抗菌性研究进展,并对其抗菌剂存在的问题进行了简述.细菌、霉菌等微生物的污染对室内空气品质、人体健康、建筑、围护结构的危害极大,建筑物室内的湿度会影响到建筑围护结构的安全、人体的舒适感觉,抗菌建筑材料是改善这一问题的重要手段.     

抗菌建材的研究现状

综述了抗菌建材的抗菌原理及研究现状,主要介绍了抗菌剂在建筑材料中装饰纸、陶瓷及涂料的抗菌性研究进展,并对其抗菌剂存在的问题进行了简述。细菌、霉菌等微生物的污染对室内空气品质、人体健康、建筑、围护结构的危害极大,建筑物室内的湿度会影响到建筑围护结构的安全、人体的舒适感觉,抗菌建筑材料是改善这一问题的重要手段。     

抗菌陶瓷的研究现状和发展趋势

随着我国经济的持续发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,人们的健康意识逐渐增强。2020年初,新冠肺炎疫情的突发和蔓延,加速了人们对抗菌陶瓷的需求。本文分别从无机抗菌材料种类及其抗菌机理、抗菌陶瓷的标准和检测方法及抗菌陶瓷的制备技术三个方面阐述抗菌陶瓷的研究现状,并探讨抗菌技术在陶瓷应用中存在的问题以及抗菌陶瓷的发展前景。     

抗菌超滤膜的研究进展

为了改善超滤膜的使用寿命,其抗菌性能研究已成为近几年研究的热点。主要从膜表面改性和膜材料改性2个方面综述了抗菌超滤膜的制备方法,重点介绍了表面涂覆、表面接枝和共混法这3种常用改性方法的特点以及改性后膜的抗菌效果,并指出制备抗菌超滤膜所存在的问题,以及今后的发展方向。     

银系抗菌纤维的研究现状

银系抗菌纤维因其广谱、高效的抗菌性能,被广泛应用于家纺、服饰以及医疗卫生等领域。阐述了银的抗菌机制、银系抗菌纤维的制备方法、抗菌性能的测试方法以及银离子的释放性能,指出了目前银系抗菌纤维存在的一些问题。     

燃料电池不锈钢双极板表面改性研究进展

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)中的关键部件,起到支撑、收集电流、隔离反应介、提供气体通道等作用.不锈钢双极板因具有良好的导电性、加工性能和成本低等优势,在质子交换膜燃料电池的双极板材料中极具竞争力.但未经处理的不锈钢双极板在电池环境面临腐蚀、表面产生钝化膜,造成接触电阻增大,进而影响电池性能.为此,通过表面改...     

超细无机载银抗菌粉体的表面改性研究

以钛酸酯、铝酸酯偶联剂为表面改性剂，采用干法和湿法两种方法对无机载银抗菌粉进行表面化学包覆处理。并采用红外光谱法、吸水性测定法和粘度法分别对无机粉体表面处理效果进行定性和定量评价；用扫描电镜观察了无机抗菌粒子在PP基体中的分散情况，同时测定了PP／无机载银抗菌粉复合材料的力学性能。结果表明，经过表面改性的无机抗菌粒子与PP的相容性得以改善且分布均匀，粒径小而均一，从而提高了材料的力学性能；钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂最佳用量分别为1．5％和2．0％。     

医用镁合金表面改性结合抗菌性能研究进展

随着医疗技术的进步,可降解镁合金因其良好的生物相容性、优越的抗菌性能及较高的力学性能,逐渐在骨科手术中得到更多的应用。但是,可降解镁合金降解速度过快以及可能引起细菌感染等问题是限制它广泛应用的主要因素。为了探究并解决降解过快问题,并提高可降解镁合金的抗腐蚀性以及抗菌性能,本文综述了近年来国内外对可降解镁合金进行的一系列表面改性技术研究,对可降解镁合金的抗菌性能研究的发展也进行了介绍。     

不锈钢环保抛光和着色工艺开发现状

概括了国内外环保型不锈钢抛光和表面着色工艺技术的现状和发展动态。介绍了一些典型的无铬环保型不锈钢表面化学和电化学抛光以及含铬低温和无铬型着色工艺配方。指出激光表面处理与传统工艺相结合的无铬环保型不锈钢表面处理技术具有广阔的发展前景。     

Corrosion of stainless steels covered by exopolymers

After a biologically induced corrosion in a 304 stainless steel tube electrochemical tests were carried out on the affected areas to characterise the nature of attack of the steel covered by the excreted exopolymers. Once the corrosive attack has been developed, the samples were removed from the solution, dried out for 1 month and re-immersed in the same well water which caused the attack. Polarization curves and impedance measurements made on non attacked welds, reference stainless steel and the metal covered by the exopolymer confirm that a reactivation of the corrosion process in previously damaged welded areas is produced. However, the corrosive attack has not been so severe than the initially produced by bacteria and after 28 days of immersion the progress of the attack is probably due to the previous activation of the steel surface rather than the microbiological activity.     

不锈钢表面阻氢涂层研究进展

不锈钢是高压氢系统的常用材料,在氢能储输技术中发挥重要作用,但高压氢环境引起的塑性降低、疲劳裂纹扩展速率加快等不锈钢氢脆问题,严重阻碍了氢能的产业化发展,在不锈钢材料表面制备阻氢涂层是解决不锈钢氢损伤问题的重要手段之一。本文首先综合介绍了典型涂层材料的应用特点及阻氢性能,探讨了制备工艺对涂层阻氢性能的影响、不同涂层材料的阻氢机理,并分析了涂层阻氢性能影响因素,之后总结了涂层阻氢性能评价方法及各种评价方法的优势与不足,并根据各种评价方法的技术特点,指出每种方法的适用范围。最后,基于阻氢涂层研究进展,文章提出以开发新型涂层结构为研究重点,同时加快新型涂层材料的探索,并重点关注涂层氢环境原位性能评价方法的研究。     

Comparative investigation of stainless steels used in drinking water distribution systems

Five stainless steel alloys were tested and compared to find a test method for the qualification of stainless steel used in drinking water systems. Determination of the pitting/critical potentials from the conventional cyclic polarization results was shown to be difficult when stainless steels have high Mo and Cr content. The electrochemical impedance data indicated that results received with the conventional methods do not necessarily reflect the steady state. The low frequency time constant determined from the impedance measurements showed that the anodic polarization should be conducted with very slow scan rate to get information about the mechanism. The steady state investigations were compared with the conventional electrochemical results to propose an electrochemical-based route as a standard qualification method. The qualification method was tested to be valid by a European round-robin-test.     

201、304不锈钢通用化学发黑工艺

介绍了一种201、304不锈钢通用发黑工艺.研究了着色液各组分和挂具的材质对黑色膜性能的影响.着色的最佳配方与工艺为:CrO3 165g/L,H2SO4310mL/L,H3PO4 60mL/L,添加剂A(铵盐)60g/L,添加剂B(过渡金属元素的硫酸盐)143g/L,着色温度91～95℃,着色时间20～25 min,以304不锈钢丝作挂具.在最佳配方与工艺条件下,201、304不锈钢黑板的膜层均匀、黑亮,耐蚀性能均优于对应的基体,耐磨擦性能优越.     

双胍基化聚乙烯胺改性制备抗生物污染反渗透膜

反渗透作为一种高效、低能耗的膜分离技术,在使用过程中极易受到生物污染的侵袭,造成膜性能不可逆下降。制备具有杀菌功能的反渗透膜可以有效缓解膜生物污染问题。采用二次界面聚合法,将合成的双胍基化聚乙烯胺（PVAmG）阳离子聚合物引入到初生反渗透膜表面,制备出具有杀菌功能的PVAmG改性反渗透膜。结果表明,改性后膜表面的微观形貌和润湿性变化不大,在中性条件下膜表面荷正电。PVAmG改性膜在不降低膜选择透过性能的同时,有效提高了抗生物污染性能。PVAmG改性膜与枯草杆菌和大肠杆菌连续接触4次后,膜面细菌死亡率每次均接近99.9%,表明PVAmG改性膜具有持久的广谱杀菌性。     

Evaluation of inkjet-printed spinel coatings on standard and surface nitrided ferritic stainless steels for interconnect application in solid oxide fuel cell devices

Inkjet printing technology was employed for the application of protective layer coatings in SOFC metallic interconnects. Aqueous-based spinel coatings were inkjet-printed on standard and surface nitrided K41 ferritic stainless-steel substrates. Inkjet-printed substrates were exposed to high-temperature oxidation and Area Specific Resistance (ASR) tests for 1000 h at 700 °C in air with 3% volume humidity, simulating SOFC cathode environment. Performance of inkjet printed coatings and effect of nitriding stainless-steel substrates were evaluated based on chromium migration/retention and Area Specific Resistance. Sol-gel infiltration was introduced to develop a scaffold layer over the porous microstructure. With the ASR reduced to a level ～60 mΩ cm² and chromium concentration in the getter (cathode) material below 1 atomic%, close to the detection threshold, the protective layers produced via inkjet printing present a promising solution for SOFC interconnector applications.     

Influence of impurities on stainless steels corrosion in wet process phosphoric acid

The corrosion behaviour of stainless steels in wet process phosphoric acid was studied by means of polarization curves and corrosion tests; in this context the influence of impurities that enhance the corrosivity of the acid, such as chlorides, fluorides and sulphates, was evaluated. Moreover the efficiency of some corrosion inhibitors, present as impurities in wet-process phosphoric acid, was evaluated by means of polarization curves and corrosion tests. Inhibitors of fluoride aggressiveness such as compounds of silicon, aluminum, magnesium were tested both separately and together. Trivalent iron as an oxidizing agent was also evaluated in order to minimize chloride-induced corrosion. Different grades of stainless steels such as AISI 316 L, Alloy 20, Alloy 28 and a duplex stainless steel 22Cr5Ni type, were taken into consideration.     

Effect of plasma pretreatment on durability of sol-gel superhydrophobic coatings on laser modified stainless steel substrates

Superhydrophobic surfaces were generated on stainless steel SS 304 substrates, using a combination of physical as well as chemical modification of the surface and tested for use in biomedical applications. Nanosecond pulsed laser was used for physical modification, i.e. creating nanoscaled roughness on the substrates. An additional chemical modification was performed using fluorosilane-based sol-gel nanocomposite coatings to further improve the hydrophobicity. Presently, the key challenge that such surfaces face, is to possess a substantial durability. In this study, a surface activation technique such as plasma pre-treatment was adopted to improve the adhesion of coatings on the laser treated substrates. The coatings deposited using dip coating technique were cured at 150 °C. The surface morphology and the roughness of the processed substrates and the coated samples were characterized using Atomic Force Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. The wettability of the surface was monitored and evaluated throughout the study using water contact angle measurements. Weathering tests and scratch resistance measurements using a crockmeter were carried out to evaluate the durability, which revealed that the adhesion could be improved with plasma treatment of the laser textured substrates, prior to coating deposition. Maximum anti-bacterial activity of up to 90% towards the bacterial species Escherichia coli was found on the substrates coated with the fluorosilane-based superhydrophobic coatings for an exposure time of 30 min, without any addition of external anti-bacterial agents. Thus, the preliminary results obtained from the present investigation were found to be promising and were indicative of use of these surfaces for biomedical applications.