四轮转向车辆的直接横摆力矩控制研究

以四轮转向汽车为研究对象,建立七自由度车辆模型、轮胎模型、理想跟踪模型;设计直接横摆力矩和四轮转向相结合的车辆稳定性控制策略。以跟踪理想的质心侧偏角和横摆角速度为控制目标,设计滑模控制器产生车辆转向所需的横摆力矩和后轮转角,按单侧制动的方法将产生的横摆力矩分配到车辆的四个车轮上,通过制动力矩的分配以及转向角的修正,使车辆转向行驶时的横摆角速度和质心侧偏角跟踪理想模型。针对七自由度模型,在Matlab/Simulink中与比例控制四轮转向进行阶跃输入和正弦输入两种工况下的时域仿真对比。仿真结果表明,基于直接横摆力矩和四轮转向相结合的的控制策略有效减小了质心侧偏角,横摆角速度对理想值有很好的跟踪,提高了车辆的操纵稳定性,同时验证了横摆力矩分配的有效性。     

主动前轮转向横摆稳定性模糊控制系统设计

提出了一种基于主动前轮转向横摆稳定性控制方法,以横摆角速度和质心侧偏角为控制目标。采用鲁棒性较强的模糊控制方法对汽车稳定性进行控制。建立了整车线性二自由度模型,以反馈系统中的误差信号及其变化率作为模糊系统的输入设计了模糊控制器,通过控制横摆力矩来实现车辆稳定性的控制。对转向盘阶跃输入信号和正弦输入信号两种工况分别进行了仿真研究。通过分析仿真结果,该控制方法能有效地控制车辆横摆角速度和质心侧偏角,提高车辆转向时的稳定性,同时能有效的降低驾驶员的操纵负担。     

基于四轮转向与直接横摆力矩的汽车稳定性研究

通过对汽车行驶状态的分析,分别在Simulink和CarSim中建立理想二自由度四轮转向汽车模型和整车模型。在Simulink中建立控制策略,以前轮转角比例控制的方式控制后轮转角;以车辆质心侧偏角和横摆角速度作为控制量,基于模糊控制理论,计算出所需附加横摆力矩,通过所设计的分配策略确定施加在前后车轮的制动力矩。利用CarSim和Simulink搭建联合仿真平台,进行低速角阶跃实验和高速单移线实验,并与前轮转向和其他控制策略下的仿真结果对比分析。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制策略使汽车的质心侧偏角和横摆角速度始终保持在理想值的附近,提高了汽车的灵活性和稳定性。     

多轴电动轮汽车双目标操纵稳定性优化分析

根据电动轮式多轴汽车驱动力矩独立可控的特点,采用ADAMS/View建立五轴全轮驱动汽车的30自由度动力学模型,选择横摆角速度和质心侧偏角作为控制变量,基于PID控制算法,采用Matlab/Simulink建立整车双目标优化控制策略,控制内、外侧车轮的驱动力矩,实现整车操纵稳定性的最优。联合仿真结果表明,在进行角阶跃输入响应时,采用横摆角速度和质心侧偏角的联合控制策略,可在横摆角速度稳态值仅降低3%的情况下,使质心侧偏角稳态值降低14%,使汽车具有良好的轨迹跟踪性。     

电动车四轮转向与差动驱动的联合仿真研究

为了降低电动车高速行驶时转向失稳带来的危险,提出了四轮转向与差动驱动联合控制策略以提高电动车转向时的高速稳定性。考虑轮胎非线性特性对整车的影响,在MATLAB中建立了电动车四轮转向与差动驱动联合控制下的整车动力学模型。以电动车转向过程中的质心侧偏角与横摆角速度为控制目标,采用模糊控制策略协调四轮转向与差动驱动进行联合控制,从而调节电动车的后轮转角和驱动力分配,使其质心侧偏角和横摆角速度能够跟随理想模型。通过仿真分析得到了转向时电动车的质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的动态响应。结果表明:在四轮转向与差动驱动联合控制下,可以将电动车质心侧偏角与横摆角速度控制在接近理想状态,从而提高电动车在高速时的转向稳定性并加快车辆的侧向响应速度。     

基于降维观测器的4WS车辆滑模变结构控制

考虑车辆在极限运动工况下转向时的横摆运动、侧向运动以及侧倾运动的影响,建立以质心侧偏角、横摆角速度、侧倾角和侧倾角速度为状态变量的三自由度线性车辆模型。为了实现车辆线传操纵(steer by wire),以车辆实际质心侧偏角和横摆角速度与理想模型的质心侧偏角和横摆角速度之间的误差作为控制器输入,建立滑模跟踪控制器。考虑到状态变量之一的质心侧偏角难以直接测量,设计了降维观测器以重构车辆状态。仿真结果表明,降维观测器跟踪性能良好,准确的重构了车辆状态;与不受控制的前轮转向车辆相比,所设计的控制系统使车辆的动态特性和操纵性能有效提高。     

分布式电动汽车协调控制方法研究

针对分布式电动汽车稳定性控制问题，提出了分布式电动汽车的横摆力矩控制与主动转向协调控制策略。采用分层控制的思想，输入信号层设计线性二自由度模型，根据车辆状态求解横摆角速度与质心侧偏角期望值。决策控制层应用模糊理论设计两输入两输出模糊控制器。分配执行层针对车速的不同设计四轮转向策略。选取单移线和双移线仿真工况，通过MATLAB/Simulink与CarSim联合仿真对控制策略进行了验证。结果表明：横摆力矩控制与主动转向协调控制策略能够有效改善汽车操纵稳定性和提高汽车行驶安全性。     

基于滑模变结构控制的车辆稳定性研究

直接横摆力矩控制(Direct Yaw Moment Control,DYC)能在极限工况下产生维持车辆稳定行驶所需的附加横摆力矩,从而提高车辆的主动安全性能。采用"Dugoff"轮胎模型,运用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件建立了十六自由度非线性车辆模型和二自由度参考模型,基于滑模变结构控制理论,分别设计了以横摆角速度为控制变量的DYC控制器和以质心侧偏角为控制变量的DYC控制器,并在极限工况下进行仿真。仿真结果表明:所设计的控制器能有效控制车辆的横摆角速度和质心侧偏角,提高了车辆的操纵稳定性。     

四轮独立驱动电动汽车行驶稳定性分析与联合滑模变结构主动控制

针对四轮毂电机独立驱动汽车各轮力矩解耦可控的特点,分析车辆转向受力对四轮独立驱动电动汽车行驶稳定性的影响,提出四轮独立驱动电动汽车转向稳定性控制策略,为四轮独立驱动电动汽车四轮转矩协调控制,提升整车行驶稳定性提供了思路.基于模型跟踪控制的思想,采用分层控制思想设计控制器,控制器包含参考模型、顶层控制器、底层控制分配器.采用带质心侧偏角约束的2自由度车辆模型作为参考模型,设计出一种新的非线性联合滑模变结构主动控制的顶层控制器,该方法可以在一定程度上实现车辆横摆角速度和质心侧偏角的解耦控制,避免了横摆角速度和质心侧偏角的较大变化,从而保证汽车稳定性.在底层控制分配器中,采用基于轮胎稳定裕度最大化的最优分配方法.在Carsim软件中,搭建四轮轮毂电机独立驱动电动汽车模型,在Simulink软件中搭建控制策略模型.针对双移线工况,Carsim/Simulink联合仿真的结果表明,滑模变结构控制器具有较好的收敛性,控制分配模块可以实现四轮力矩的优化分配,能够提升车辆在极限工况下的稳定性.研究将为轮毂电机驱动车辆分布式协调控制提供理论支撑.     

一种车辆后轮质心侧偏角为零的控制算法研究

采用前馈＋反馈的控制策略,通过对车辆二自由度模型进行计算,建立了车辆转角数学模型,并由本文采取的控制策略导出了前馈比例系数和横摆角速度比例反馈系数;在此基础上,应用MATLAB软件建立了仿真模型,采用斜坡函数作为前轮输入信号。仿真结果表明,后轮保持与前轮同步反向偏转,达到了质心侧偏角为零的控制目标,实现了4个车轮在转向过程中均为纯滚动,满足了阿克曼转向原理。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.