精炼钢包的粘渣及其处理方案

为了解决精炼钢包粘渣问题,通过分析概括钢包粘渣的主要原因,制定了钢包的粘渣状况及减轻粘渣的措施,提出了减轻粘渣方案,减轻了精炼钢包的粘渣。     

安钢25t钢包粘渣原因分析

本文通过对安钢25吨钢包粘渣原因进行分析,找出了钢包粘渣的主要原因,制定了减轻粘渣的对策,提高了钢包包龄.     

梅钢钢包粘渣原因分析

近年来梅钢公司的钢包在使用中出现严重的粘渣,造成了钢包使用寿命降低、钢包周转紧张、粘渣污染钢水等不良后果和现象,通过实验深入地开展了钢包粘渣机理的研究分析,结果表明,脱氧产物Al2O3的含量、包衬耐火材料表面状况、钢包覆盖剂的使用等都会导致粘渣。     

国内外钢包的粘渣及其对策

阐述了国内外钢外的粘渣状况及减轻粘渣的措施，并通过分析概括，提出了钢包粘渣的主要原因和减轻粘渣的对策。     

钢包粘渣的机理研究

通过对粘渣物、钢包渣、工艺因素、保温剂和钢包残样等的分析,指出钢包粘渣是冶炼钢种、钢包热状态和包衬耐火材料共同作用的结果.高Al2O3的渣冷凝后析出高熔点物质、小修后钢包热状态差以及渣钢渗入耐材是粘渣的主要原因.     

钢包粘结物的显微结构分析

通过岩相分析方法研究了钢包粘渣试样各段带的显微结构特征,探讨了钢包粘渣的过程和机理.研究结果表明:钢渣中CaO与原砖中的刚玉反应形成了CA6和CA2;容易粘渣的渣成分是Al2O3、MgO含量比较高的渣;粘渣的主要原因是钢渣与钢包耐火材料发生反应,产生了高熔点的物相.     

钢包粘渣原因分析及措施

针对梅山钢铁股份有限公司在钢包使用中出现的粘渣问题,通过对铝脱氧和铝硅脱氧钢种的转炉渣以及钢包顶渣、钢包内壁粘结物的化学组成和使用后的耐火砖物相的分析,结果表明,脱氧方式、钢包状态、保温剂是影响粘渣的主要因素.采取了相应措施,取得了很好的效果.     

转炉液压清理机械技术研究与应用

本文介绍了通过利用流体传动机械技术，对转炉炉口和钢包包沿粘渣进行彻底清理，提高了炉体设备和钢包使用寿命，满足了工艺要求，效果显著。     

Li_2O对钢包精炼渣的调质处理

为减少钢包合金化精炼浸渍罩粘渣,以Li2O作调质剂对钢包顶渣调质处理,研究Li2O对钢包顶渣的熔化温度、黏度及脱硫能力的影响。半球法熔化温度测定结果表明:Li2O的助熔效果明显,当其加入量为5%时,渣熔化温度从调质前的1439℃降至1300℃;旋转柱体法黏度测试结果表明:钢包顶渣的黏度高以及合金化精炼处理后顶渣黏度进一步升高,是造成浸渍罩粘渣的主要原因,Li2O能有效降低精炼处理后钢包顶渣的黏度,在1500℃时,未调质的钢包顶渣黏度约为6.5 Pa.s,调质后渣的黏度低于2 Pa.s。调质处理后的钢包渣不会引起钢液的回硫,并可使钢中硫的含量进一步降低。     

CaO-CaF2对钢包精炼顶渣性能的影响

为减少密封合金化精炼钢包浸渍罩粘渣,采用按m(CaO)/m(CaF<,2>)=2:1配制的混合调质剂对钢包顶渣进行调质处理,研究调质剂对钢包顶渣性能的影响.熔化性能研究结果表明:调质剂能显著降低钢包顶渣的熔化温度和黏度,当其加入量为钢包下渣量的10%时,渣熔化温度从调质前的1 439℃降至1 400℃;在1 500℃时,未调质的钢包顶渣黏度约为6.5 Pa·s,而调质后渣的黏度低于2 Pa·s.渣金反应实验表明,调质后的渣可使钢液脱硫,但同时会引起钢液少量回磷.工业试验表明,对钢包渣调质处理后,浸渍罩粘渣得以控制,使用寿命提高1倍以上.     

A different perspective on androgyny: Evaluations of masculine and feminine personality characteristics.

Hypothesized that androgynous Ss would be liked best and perceived as most adjusted (Exp I) and also be perceived to be as instrumental as masculine Ss and as expressive as feminine Ss (Exp II). 179 undergraduates served as Ss in Exp I and 160 undergraduates served in Exp II. Personal Attributes Questionnaires ostensibly filled out by others were the stimuli evaluated. These stimuli were constructed so that the stimulus persons (SPs) were classified as either androgynous, undifferentiated, masculine, or feminine. Male and female Ss evaluated the SPs on dimensions of likeability, adjustment, expressiveness, instrumentality, masculinity, and femininity. Results demonstrate that androgynous persons, regardless of gender, were liked best and perceived as most adjusted, whereas undifferentiated persons were liked least and perceived as least adjusted. Masculine and feminine persons, regardless of gender, were rated midway between androgynous and undifferentiated persons and generally were not evaluated differently on these dimensions. Evaluations of SPs on stereotypically gender-related dimensions revealed that androgynous persons were seen to be as highly instrumental as masculine persons and as highly expressive as feminine persons, but generally less masculine and feminine than sex-typed persons. Implications for self-fulfilling prophecies in social behavior are discussed. (40 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Occupations ten years later of high school seniors with high scores on the SVIB life insurance salesman scale.

From a pool of 2500 Minnesota high school seniors of the 1953 and 1954 classes, 93 students were identified who had "A" ratings on the SVIB life insurance salesman scale. Information on their current occupations was collected from 72. Of these, 10% were in the life insurance business, 32% were in other sales jobs, 12% were in business-contact jobs such as public relations, 22% were in social service persuasive jobs such as lawyer or minister, and 24% were in essentially unrelated jobs. In a further analysis, each profile was analyzed as to its appropriateness for the individual's current occupation. 64% were classified as "hits," 22% as "misses," and 14% as "indeterminate." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Automatic activation of phonological information in reading: evidence from the semantic relatedness decision task

A semantic relatedness decision task was used to investigate whether phonological recording occurs automatically and whether it mediates lexical access in visual word recognition and reading. In this task, subjects read a pair of words and decided whether they were related or unrelated in meaning. In Experiment 1, unrelated word-homophone pairs (e.g., LION-BARE) and their visual controls (e.g., LION-BEAN) as well as related word pairs (e.g., FISH-NET) were presented. Homophone pairs were more likely to be judged as related or more slowly rejected as unrelated than their control pairs, suggesting phonological access of word meanings. In Experiment 2, word-pseudohomophone pairs (e.g., TABLE-CHARE) and their visual controls (e.g., TABLE-CHARK) as well as related and unrelated word pairs were presented. Pseudohomophone pairs were more likely to be judged as related or more slowly rejected as unrelated than their control pairs, again suggesting automatic phonological recording in reading.     

Preventive resources and emotion regulation expectancies as mediators between attachment and college students' stress outcomes.

In this study the authors examined both preventive psychological coping resources and negative mood regulation expectancies as potential mediators between parental attachment and two types of stress outcomes: stress symptoms and stress-produced emotions. Data were collected from 390 college students and separate structural equation models were tested for the outcomes of stress symptoms and emotions. Results suggested that for both models, as hypothesized, preventive resources and negative mood regulation expectancies functioned as mediators. Further, there was evidence that these results were similar for the model in which stress symptoms were used as an outcome, as well as the model in which stress-produced emotions were used as the outcome. Implications for a more complete understanding of psychological resources promoted by secure attachment are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The thickness of being: intentional worlds, strategies of identity, and experience among schizophrenics

Ethnographic research among Glasgow female prostitutes working in street, sauna, flat, escort agency and "sugar daddy" sectors investigated prostitutes' accounts of the occasions in which condoms were not used for penetrative sexual encounters. Such occasions were a minority of commercial sex encounters and a majority of private sex encounters. Although prostitutes saw condom use as inappropriate in private sexual relationships this was not, as has been suggested, an aid to relationship interpretation as either private or commercial. Condoms in commercial sex were seen as routine tools of the trade, and hence emerged as emblems of prostitution. These emblematic qualities were found in turn to produce both challenges to condom use from customers and opportunities for prostitutes to manipulate customer relations by judicious suspension of condom application. Both norms of gendered role-play and prostitute status were highlighted as threatening condom use in some situations, while prostitute status could also be used as the basis of rational argument for condom use in others. Relational issues such as familiarity or a desire to communicate trust were at the forefront in explanations of condom non-use. Perceptions of physical power and the authority to permit or withhold sexual service or profit were determining influences crucial in condom use negotiation.     

Stereotyping and favorableness in the perception of Negro faces.

Ss were presented 2 sets of photographs, 1 of Negroes, 1 of whites. The photographs of the Negroes were a priori classified as to degree of Negroid characteristic and contained some Negroes who were so lacking in so-called Negroid characteristics as to appear Caucasian. Ss were asked to rate the photographs as to their Negroidness and on 20 traits. 4 experimental conditions were employed with regard to the amount of information about the pictures given to Ss. Stereotypy of attitudes towards Negroes was seen to be elicited as soon as the photograph was perceived as being that of a Negro. The results are discussed re degree of prejudice of perceiver and a theory of interpersonal perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Renal lesion growth in children with tuberous sclerosis complex

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is regarded as an emerging nosocomial infection. All patients positive for C. difficile in Sweden were recorded during 1995, including primary care patients. Those positive for toxin in feces were defined as CDAD cases. A total of 5,133 CDAD cases were recorded (58 per 100,000 inhabitants per year), as compared with 86 cases diagnosed in 1978 and 553 in 1983. CDAD was almost twice as prevalent as all (combined) diagnosed domestic cases of reportable bacterial and protozoal diarrhea. The age-specific incidence was little affected by gender but increased > 10-fold over the age range of 60-98 years. The differences in overall CDAD incidence were sixfold between counties and threefold between major hospitals. Among hospitalized patients the incidences were highest in geriatric/rehabilitation wards, followed by infectious diseases and internal medicine wards; 28% of all cases involved no recent hospitalization and were defined as community-acquired CDAD.     

Long term studies comparing the efficacy of cell-free versus cell-associated HVT vaccines against Marek's disease

In long-term field trials lasting approximately 12 months attempts were made to determine whether the cell-free HVT vaccine was as effective in reducing MD losses as the cell-associated HVT vaccine. Four trials were conducted in which flocks were vaccinated with either the cell-free or the cell-associated HVT vaccine. The cell-free HVT vaccine was as safe and effective in preventing MD as the cell-associated HVT vaccine. Although there were some losses due to MD in all flocks, there were also losses due to lymphoid leukosis, multiple hemangioma, liposarcoma or coccidiosis. Egg production was essentially the same in flocks vaccinated with the cell-free HVT vaccine as in those vaccinated with the cell-associated HVT vaccine.     

The geometric relationship between Holland's personality typology and the Vocational Preference Inventory for blacks.

Administered Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory to 115 black undergraduates. The 1st 6 scales of the inventory were tested for correspondence to J. L. Holland's personality theory using a method recently presented by J. A. Wakefield and E. B. Doughtie (see record 1974-08049-001). The scales for the black Ss corresponded generally to Holland's model but not as well as they do for white Ss. 3 weaknesses in the correspondence between the scales of black students and Holland's model were identified. The Realistic and Intellectual scales were not as closely associated to Holland's model for blacks as for whites; the Social and Enterprising scales were not as closely associated; and the Conventional and Intellectual scales were not as closely associated as they are in Holland's model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Uses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in presurgical evaluation of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Nine cases of unilateral internal derangement of TMJ indicated for surgical intervention, were selected for this study. The affected joints were imaged by MRI presurgically. The non-affected joints were also imaged as controls. MRI findings were correlated with intraoperative surgical findings. The results were absolutely accurate as regards degenerative joint pathosis and capsular rupture, and with high degree of accuracy (85.7%) in detection of disc displacement. Two cases of disc perforation were not detected by MRI. The results were promising and encouraging the use of this noninvasive imaging technique as presurgical aid in TMJ disorders.