数字视频水印技术综述

介绍了水印技术的定义及基本框架,并对其理论基础和评价标准进行了阐述,对数字水印的各种算法进行了分类研究与深入分析,并对不同视频水印嵌入和提取方案进行了比较,同时分析了人类视觉系统对水印可见性的影响,最后指出了数字水印的应用领域及今后的研究方向。     

基于ICA运动目标检测的自嵌入视频认证水印

为了对视频中关键内容是否经受篡改实施有效验证和保护,提出了一种基于运动目标检测的自嵌入视频认证水印方案。由于运动目标集中了视频的关键信息,采用独立分量分析技术从连续的视频帧中分离出运动分量信息生成水印,并用奇异值分解方法对水印作预处理,采用DCT方法自嵌入到视频帧中去。实验结果表明,该水印方案在保证视频质量的前提下,对于常见攻击处理和局部篡改具有很好的鲁棒性,可以有效地验证视频关键信息是否遭到篡改,并且能够恢复出被篡改的关键内容,有效地保护视频完整性。     

Information-theoretic temporal segmentation of video and applications: multiscale keyframes selection and shot boundaries detection

The first step in the analysis of video content is the partitioning of a long video sequence into short homogeneous temporal segments. The homogeneity property ensures that the segments are taken by a single camera and represent a continuous action in time and space. These segments can then be used as atomic temporal components for higher level analysis like browsing, classification, indexing and retrieval. The novelty of our approach is to use color information to partition the video into segments dynamically homogeneous using a criterion inspired by compact coding theory. We perform an information-based segmentation using a Minimum Message Length (MML) criterion and minimization by a Dynamic Programming Algorithm (DPA). We show that our method is efficient and robust to detect all types of transitions in a generic manner. A specific detector for each type of transition of interest therefore becomes unnecessary. We illustrate our technique by two applications: a multiscale keyframe selection and a generic shot boundaries detection.     

基于独立分量分析的数字图像水印研究

多媒体信息的数字化与网络技术的发展为信息的表达提供极大的便利．同时也引发了作品的非法访问、故意纂改、版权破坏等一系列问题。数字水印是嵌入宿主数据中具有隐蔽性且不容易去除的数字信息，是一种数字图像版权保护的关键技术。文中提出一种基于独立分量分析的数字水印处理技术，利用宿主图像、水印、密钥三者统计独立的特性构造水印嵌入和检测系统。实验结果表明，文中提出的方法可以有效提取数字水印，对图像的滤波、噪声干扰和尺度缩放等操作具有良好的稳健性。     

基于Agent技术的数字水印协议框架

在应用数字水印技术进行数字版权保护时,数字水印协议具有和数字水印算法同等的重要性,水印协议要解决水印的产生、保存、多水印嵌入、版权所有者和消费者的权利保护、版权确定、盗版源追踪、争端判决等等一系列问题.为进行网络环境下的数字版权保护,引入人工智能领域活跃的Agent技术,结合数字版权保护的核心技术数字水印,提出一种基于Agent技术的数字水印协议框架,详细论述了异构网络环境下的带有智能特色的数字版权保护基础设施构成和相互作用.     

基于聚类的间隔帧分割算法

镜头分割是基于内容的视频检索首先要解决的关键技术。一般聚类算法可能导致帧序不连续或分割错误,并且现有的分割算法基本上都是对镜头中连续帧依次进行比较,效率比较低;为了解决以上问题,提出了一种改进的镜头分割算法-基于聚类的间隔帧分割算法,在此算法引入了参考变量,镜头中的很多帧不需进行比较。实验表明本算法(采用颜色直方图作为切变判别依据)在镜头分割中提高了效率,并且提高了分割的准确率。     

A new video watermarking algorithm based on shot segmentation and block classification

In this paper, we propose a new video watermarking algorithm based on shot segmentation and block classification to enhance the robustness, imperceptibility and real-time performance based on the H.264/AVC codec. A method of selecting host frames is proposed based on shot segmentation to avoid embedding watermark frame by frame, so as to improve the robustness and the real-time performance. The watermark signal is cropped into small watermarks according to the number of shots in the host video, and small watermarks are respectively embedded into different shots. The watermarking capacity and the perceptual quality are greatly improved by this way. A method of selecting host coefficients is proposed based on block classification in the Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) compressed domain. The texture characteristics of host blocks are considered in the classification and the places of host coefficients can change adaptively according to the content of the video. The imperceptibility of the watermarked video is greatly improved by this way. The simplified quantization index modulation (QIM) is applied to embed watermark. It brings fewer artifacts to the host signal than the current main watermarking method, such as spread spectrum (SS), differential energy watermarking (DEW) and so on. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme has a good performance in maintaining real-time performance and resisting Gaussian noising, frame swapping, MPEG compression, etc.     

复合式的多功能数字水印算法

提出了一种鲁棒性数字水印和脆弱性数字水印相结合的复合式水印算法,具有较好的双重保护性能,即鲁棒性数字水印用于版权认证方面和脆弱性数字水印用于图像内容的保护.首先,在原始载体图像的DCT中频域上嵌入不可见水印;其次,再根据LSB算法在空域自适应地嵌入脆弱性数字水印.实验结果表明,该方法不可见性好,对一般的图像处理和攻击,如JPEG压缩、滤波、加噪声、旋转、缩放等都有良好的鲁棒性,同时还能对图像中细微的篡改进行有效精确的定位,并且作为一种盲水印算法有着良好的安全性.     

足球视频镜头分类方法

根据视频语义分析和视频摘要等应用对于视频数据结构化的需求,提出了一种针对足球视频的镜头分类方法.通过logo模板匹配检测并定位出视频中的慢镜头,对其余的正常比赛部分做镜头边界检测完成视频切分.基于分块的思想,对正常比赛镜头帧计算其各块的场地像素比率值作为特征,利用SVM分类器将正常比赛镜头分为远镜头、中镜头、球员特写或场外镜头3类.至此,整个视频流可以表示为结构化的四类镜头类型标示序列.实验结果表明,该方法在视频切分和镜头类型识别的准确性方面具有良好的效果.     

数字水印技术在视频教学资源版权保护中的应用

为防止视频教学资源被非法拷贝和篡改,本文结合目前教学资源保护措施和教学资源管理系统的结构,提出通过在视频教学资源中加水印的方法实现对视频教学资源的版权保护,同时对教学资源管理系统中引入数字视频水印系统和算法提出建议。     

Two-dimensional entropy model for video shot partitioning

A shot presents a contiguous action recorded by an uninterrupted camera operation and frames within a shot keep spatio-temporal coherence. Segmenting a serial video stream file into meaningful shots is the first pass for the task of video analysis,content-based video understanding. In this paper,a novel scheme based on improved two-dimensional entropy is proposed to complete the partition of video shots. Firstly,shot transition candidates are detected using a two-pass algorithm: a coarse searching pass and a fine searching pass. Secondly,with the character of two-dimensional entropy of the image,correctly detected transition candidates are further classified into different transition types whereas those falsely detected shot breaks are distinguished and removed. Finally,the boundary of gradual transition can be precisely located by merging the characters of two-dimensional entropy of the image into the gradual transition. A large number of video sequences are used to test our system performance and promising results are obtained.     

一种加密域数字图像水印方法

数字媒体版权保护已变得十分迫切和必要,有效的盗版确认方法是实现有效版权保护的前提;结合加密方法提出了一种有效的盗版确认数字图像水印方法,水印信号为二值图像,水印的嵌入在图像加密域进行,具有非常好的安全性;水印提取在水印图像加密域进行且不需要原始未加水印图像。实验表明,该方法嵌入的水印不可见性好,对JPEG压缩、图像剪切和图像加噪声等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Fragile video watermarking technique by motion field embedding with rate-distortion minimization

In this paper, we proposed a fragile video watermarking technique to authenticate the H.264 video content. Our watermark information is embedded in motion vectors as which have strong fragile nature. The proposed method finds out the best locations of motion vectors to embed the information to achieve the fragility, where are based on the statistical analysis of the motion vector by the H.264/AVC rate-distortion cost function. This scheme does not require the original video sequence for watermark detection. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking technique can keep the perceptual quality at best effort and still has good fragility.     

基于自适应双阈值的足球视频分割算法研究

提出了一种利用双阈值自适应变化逼近视频镜头分割最佳阈值的算法,在双阈值各区间漏检或误检的判别通过相似度差异来完成。实验结果表明,该算法能够得到较为理想的错检率,并能得到比固定阈值算法更低的漏检率。     

一种攻击Digimarc水印的新算法

近年来,数字水印技术开始广泛用于电子产品的版权保护,大量的数字水印方案被提了出来。在数字水印技术的开发方面,Digimarc公司是一个领导者。Digimarc水印技术为保护版权提供了一种强有力的工具。论文提出了一种新的针对Digimarc数字水印的攻击算法,该算法能够在保证电子产品质量的前提下很容易地删除Digimarc水印。实验结果表明这种算法非常有效。     

A motion location based video watermarking scheme using ICA to extract dynamic frames

In this paper, we propose a novel video watermarking scheme based on motion location. In the proposed scheme, independent component analysis is used to extract a dynamic frame from two successive frames of original video, and the motion is located by using the variance of 8 × 8 block in the extracted dynamic frame. Then according to the located motion, we choose a corresponding region in the former frame of the two successive frames, where watermark is embedded by using the quantization index modulation algorithm. The procedure above is repeated until each frame of the video (excluding the last one) is watermarked. The simulations show that the proposed scheme has a good performance to resist Gaussian noising, MPEG2 compression, frame dropping, frame cropping, etc. This work was originally presented in the Fifth International Symposium on Neural Networks.     

Digital watermarking of text, image, and video documents

The ease of reproduction, distribution, and manipulation of digital documents creates problems for authorized parties that wish to prevent illegal use of such documents. To this end, digital watermarking has been proposed as a last line of defense. A digital watermark is an imperceptible, robust, secure message embedded directly into a document. The watermark is imperceptible both perceptually and statistically. Robustness means that the watermark cannot be removed or modified unless the document is altered to the point of no value. The watermark is secure if unauthorized parties cannot erase or modify it. Current watermarking schemes may be viewed as spread-spectrum communications systems, which transmit a message redundantly using a low-amplitude, pseudo-noise carrier signal. An example highlights the basic mechanisms and properties of spread spectrum and their relation to watermarking. Finally, specific issues in watermarking of text, images, and video are discussed, along with watermarking examples.     

一种新的基于量化的音频数字水印算法

文章提出了一种新的基于量化的音频数字水印算法,该算法首先将视觉上可辨的二值水印图像降为一维序列,再将水印序列伪随机排序,最后对数字音频信号进行分段DCT(离散余弦变换),水印信号通过量化处理过程嵌入到DCT变换后的系数中,提取水印信号无需使用原始数字音频信号。仿真实验表明水印是不可察觉的,经过mp3有损压缩、低通滤波、重采样等操作后仍具有很强的稳健性。     

基于提升方案小波的半脆弱水印图像认证算法

在小波变换域内,将水印嵌入在特定的小波系数中,对图像带来的失真影响很小,同时可以准确地检测和篡改定位,因此目前实现认证的脆弱水印和半脆弱水印大多在小波域内.提出了一种使用提升小波变换的半脆弱水印方法.在原始宿主图像经过提升小波变换之后的低频子带,根据水印和小波系数的特征自适应地修改小波系数,嵌入过程实现了很好的不可见性和鲁棒性,实现了盲提取,并能准确地实现篡改的检测和定位.     

A new incremental watermarking based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform

This paper proposes a new incremental watermarking technique, which is robust for affine transformation and time-varying according to the degree of distortion, using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT). At the embedding step, the proposed algorithm inserts a given watermark into the phase components of a transformed image by DT-CWT. At the extracting step, the algorithm incrementally compares the extracted with the original watermark using correlation from lowest to highest level. The proposed technique through performance evaluation displays that it was more robust in geometric distortions than a conventional CWT-based watermarking.