二维C/(BCχ-SiC)n复合材料的高温层间剪切性能

采用双槽口剪切法(double-notchcd shear,DNS)研究了二维(twodimensional,2D)碳乡纤维增强碳化硼-碳化硅[2DC/(BCx-SiC)]复合材料的高温层间剪切性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察断口彤貌.结果表明:在25～1200℃范围内.温度对2DC/(BCx-SiC)n复合材料的层间剪切强度有明显影响,在900℃时材料的层间剪切强度最高可达40.0MPa,分别比25℃和1200℃的商约13%和8%,略高于700℃的.此外,C/(BCx-SiC)n的层间剪切强度始终高于C/SiC的强度,且2种材料的层间剪切强度随温度变化规律相似.断口分析表明:层间剪切失效发生在基体内部或基体/纤维界面上,而纤维并没有受到损伤.     

纤维热处理对C/C-SiC复合材料剪切强度的影响

对T300碳纤维在真空环境下,在600、900、1200、1500℃进行热处理,用液硅熔渗反应法(liquid silicon infiltration,LSI)制备了不同微观组织结构的C/C-SiC复合材料。采用光电子能谱分析了热处理对纤维表面结构的影响,用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对材料微观形貌进行了观察分析。采用双槽口剪切法(DNS)测试了C/C-SiC复合材料层间剪切强度(interlaminar shear strengh,ILSS),并分析了纤维热处理对材料剪切性能影响的微观机理。结果表明：碳纤维经热处理后,表面化学成分发生变化,氧含量显著降低,改变了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite,CFRP)先驱体中纤维/树脂界面结合强度,从而在CFRP裂解后形成了具有不同微观结构的C/C预制体,通过液Si对不同微结构的C/C预制体进行熔渗,获得具有不同微观结构的 C/C-SiC复合材料;DNS 测试发现碳纤维热处理能够有效改善 C/C-SiC复合材料的层间剪切强度,主要是由于纤维经热处理后制备的C/C-SiC复合材料中,SiC基体相分布较均匀并包裹在碳纤维周围,导致纤维/基体界面结合强度高。经1500℃热处理纤维增强的C/C-SiC复合材料,其剪切强度为34 MPa,与未处理的相比,ILSS提高了33%。     

纳米SiO2对EP／国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维复合材料性能的影响

选择纳米SiO2作为增强材料改性环氧树脂(EP)基体,与国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维缠绕成复合材料。研究了不同含量的纳米SiO2对EP基体拉伸性能和冲击性能的影响;通过NOL环复合材料剪切强度测试和纤维缠绕Φ150mm容器水压爆破实验,研究了不同含量纳米SiO2对EP/国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维复合材料层间剪切强度和纤维强度转化率的影响。结果表明,EP基体中纳米SiO2质量分数为3%时,对基体拉伸和冲击性能均有显著改善,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高28.8%和22.6%,EP/国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维复合材料的层间剪切强度达到最大值,比未改性配方高出约56.8%;Φ150mm容器水压爆破结果表明,纳米SiO的加入使纤维强度转化率平均提高7%以上。     

纤维缠绕成型聚酰亚胺基复合材料性能研究

以第2代聚酰亚胺(Polyim ide-Ⅱ,PI-Ⅱ)为基体,采用纤维缠绕成型工艺制作了T700/PI-Ⅱ(碳纤维/Polyim ide-Ⅱ)、S2/PI-Ⅱ(高强玻璃纤维/Polyim ide-Ⅱ)复合材料。研究了纤维缠绕成型PI-Ⅱ复合材料的界面性能和耐热性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了T700/PI-Ⅱ以及S2/PI-Ⅱ复合材料的剪切断口形貌,用于分析PI-Ⅱ复合材料的界面性能;采用TG/DTA 6300热分析仪测定T700/PI-Ⅱ以及S2/PI-Ⅱ复合材料的热分解温度,用于研究T700/PI-Ⅱ以及S2/PI-Ⅱ复合材料的耐热性能。本文研究也包括S2/PI-Ⅱ复合材料在300℃高温的层间剪切强度保留率。研究结果表明:T700/PI-Ⅱ复合材料在空气氛围中的起始热分解温度(TID)为549℃,S2/PI-Ⅱ复合材料为542℃。S2/PI-Ⅱ复合材料在300℃高温的层间剪切强度保留率为72%。     

不同温度下T700/环氧复合材料层间剪切强度（ILSS）统计分析

本文根据25℃-125℃不同温度条件下的碳纤维/环氧复合材料层间剪切强度实验数据,利用统计学中的线性回归分析法,对不同温度下T700/环氧复合材料的层间剪切强度进行拟合,得到了回归方程,为预判、检验碳/环氧复合材料性能提供参考依据。并预测了125℃下层间剪切强度最小值为31.23MPa,通过与实测数据比较,吻合较好。     

纳米SiO2对环氧复合材料壳体纤维强度转化率的影响

以纳米SiO2作为增强材料改性环氧树脂基体，通过NOL环复合材料剪切强度测试，研究不同含量纳米SiO2粒子对复合材料层间剪切强度的影响。结果表明：纳米SiO2含量在6％时，改性效果最好，复合材料层间剪切强度提高约60％；F-12纤维强度转化率提高约9．4％。     

芳纶纤维/AFR树脂复合材料界面粘结性能的研究

为了改善芳纶纤维复合材料的界面粘结性能,合成了一种新型树脂(AFR)作为基体,以未经任何表面处理的芳纶纤维作增强材料,制备了芳纶纤维/AFR复合材料。采用测定表面能、接触角、层间剪切强度、横向拉伸性能和扫描电镜观察形貌等方法,从宏观和微观等方面研究了芳纶纤维/AFR复合材料的界面粘结性能。结果表明,AFR树脂与芳纶纤维有相近的表面能,AFR树脂溶液与芳纶纤维的接触角为42.8°,而环氧树脂(EP)与芳纶纤维的接触角为68°,说明AFR树脂对芳纶纤维的润湿性优于EP树脂;芳纶/AFR复合材料的层间剪切强度、横向拉伸强度和纵向拉伸强度分别为74.64MPa、25.34MPa和2256MPa,比芳纶/EP复合材料的相应强度分别提高了28.7%、32.5%和13.4%,其复合材料破坏面的形貌也说明芳纶纤维与AFR树脂之间的界面粘结性能较好。     

二维C/C复合材料层叠板制备工艺及其性能的研究

研究通过浸渍—炭化法制备二维C／C复合材料层叠板的工艺参数，分析了不同基体前驱体和增密次数对材料的密度、厚度和收缩率、体积电阻率和层间剪切强度的影响，并用扫描电子显微镜进行断口分析。结果表明：选用残炭率较高的基体前驱体和适当的增密次数是制备低成本二维C／C复合材料层叠板的关键；相同纤维体积的层叠板基体炭含量越高，电阻率越小，导电性能越好；单位体积含有炭纤维越多，纤维受损几率就越大，产生结构缺陷几率越高，导致电阻率增加，导电性能下降；本实验中二维C／C复合材料层叠板制备工艺简单可行，层叠板的密度达到1．40g／cm^3以上，剪切强度为1．5MPa，断口呈脆性断裂特征。     

基体性能对芳纶Ⅲ纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

设计了三种环氧树脂基体,研究了基体性能对芳纶Ⅲ纤维复合材料力学性能的影响,对比分析了不同韧性的两种复合材料层间剪切破坏过程的声发射特性参数。结果表明:设计的R1、R2、R3三种树脂基体其韧性为R1R2R3;芳纶Ⅲ纤维复合材料层间剪切强度分别为49 MPa、44.8 MPa、40.1 MPa,层间剪切性能随树脂基体韧性的增加而增大;声发射实验表明,基体韧性增加,复合材料急剧损伤得到延迟,声发射事件数明显减少。     

纳米SiO_2改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的研究

选择纳米 SiO_2 作为增强材料改性环氧树脂基体, 以物理分散法将纳米 SiO_2 分散在环氧树脂中。通过力学性能测试和热稳定性能测试, 研究了不同含量的纳米 SiO_2 对改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的热性能、拉伸性能和冲击性能的影响; 通过 NOL环测试和扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 分析, 研究了不同含量的纳米 SiO_2 对国产芳纶纤维/改性环氧复合材料的界面性能和层间剪切强度的影响。实验结果表明, 基体树脂中当 w( 纳米SiO_2)=3%时, 改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了 28.8%和 22.6%, 复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS) 达到最大值, 比未改性胶粘剂提高约 56.8%。     

铺放成型工艺参数对复合材料板材弯曲强度和层间剪切强度的影响

为得出铺放成型过程中热风枪温度、铺放速度、压力辊压力、压力辊温度和底板温度五个工艺参数对复合材料板材弯曲强度和层间剪切强度(ILSS)的影响,用自制连续玻璃纤维增强聚苯硫醚预浸带进行铺放成型实验制备复合材料板材,分别用正交试验和单因素实验研究其规律。结果表明,压力辊压力对板材ILSS影响最大,底板温度对ILSS影响最小,铺放速度对弯曲强度影响最大,压力辊温度对弯曲强度影响最小。在合适的范围内,降低铺放速度,升高压力辊压力,选择适中的热风枪温度、底板温度和压力辊温度,有利于材料弯曲性能和ILSS的提升。在铺放小车速度为40 cm/min、压力辊压力为0.4 MPa、压力辊温度为240℃、热风枪温度为340℃和底板温度为240℃的条件下,GF/PPS复合材料板材的层间剪切强度和弯曲强度达到最优值,分别为79.94 MPa和1097.37 MPa。     

Improving delamination resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymeric composite by interface engineering using carbonaceous nanofillers through electrophoretic deposition: An assessment at different in-service temperatures

In this article, modification of carbon fiber surface by carbon based nanofillers (multi-walled carbon nanotubes [CNT], carbon nanofibers, and multi-layered graphene) has been achieved by electrophoretic deposition technique to improve its interfacial bonding with epoxy matrix, with a target to improve the mechanical performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Flexural and short beam shear properties of the composites were studied at extreme temperature conditions; in-situ cryo, room and elevated temperature (−196, 30, and 120°C respectively). Laminate reinforced with CNT grafted carbon fibers exhibited highest delamination resistance with maximum improvement in flexural strength as well as in inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) among all the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CE) composites at all in-situ temperatures. CNT modified CE composite showed increment of 9% in flexural strength and 17.43% in ILSS when compared to that of unmodified CE composite at room temperature (30°C). Thermomechanical properties were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. Fractography was also carried out to study different modes of failure of the composites.     

Short‐term effect of distilled water,seawater and temperature on the crushed and interlaminar shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic composites made by the newly proposed rubber pressure molding technique

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are used in adverse environmental conditions i.e., variation of temperature, humidity, seawater, acidic water, chemicals, organic fuels, etc. It is important to investigate the crushed and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) behavior of these composite materials under adverse conditions. This study shows the effect of temperatures, seawater and distilled water on crushed and ILSS of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite panels made by a recently developed process known as rubber pressure molding (RPM) technique over a range of temperature from 0 to 150°C. The fiber volume fraction in the composite varies from 30 to 60%. The RPM technique is based on the matching die set, where the die is made of hard metal like steel and the punch from flexible rubber like materials. The use of flexible rubber punch helps to intensify and uniformly redistribute pressure (both operating pressure and developed hydrostatic pressure due to the flexible rubber punch under compression) on the surface of the complex shaped product. Natural rubber was used to prepare a rubber punch in this investigation. For performance evaluation of FRP composites made by RPM technique, FRP composites were also made by the conventional method and tested at the same temperatures. It is observed that the crushed and ILSS of FRP composites decreases towards higher extreme of the temperature range selected. FRP composites made by RPM technique show higher crushed and ILSS over the temperature range of 0–150°C compared to the FRP composites made by conventional process. Again crushed and ILSS increases with increasing fiber volume% in the composites made by both techniques. In addition to these results the crushed and ILSS decrease with dipping time both in distilled and seawater. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

燃气流作用时间对玻璃钢层间剪切强度的影响

研究了不同燃气流作用时间对玻璃钢层间剪切强度的影响。研究结果表明:随着燃气流作用时间的延长,玻璃钢表面碳化失效层数呈增加趋势;未烧蚀部分复合材料层间剪切强度虽有降低,但是降低幅度不大,说明表面的玻璃布层碳化失效对深层复合材料层间剪切强度影响不大;烧蚀后复合材料断裂模式由韧性转变为脆性。该研究结果为玻璃钢在燃气流环境中的应用提供了重要的数据支撑。     

电晕法处理超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维

用电晕法对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维进行了表面处理。利用DPPH检测纤维表面自由基的产生和变化，并用XPS表面元素分析、SEM等方法探讨了纤维表面性能处理前后的变化。实验发现，通过电晕处理后，纤维复合材料的抗剪切强度从未处理的5．98MPa提高到14．3MPa。     

Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composite by Using Plasma Polymerized Glass Fibers

This study intends to produce plasma polymer thin films of γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-GPS) on glass fibers in order to improve interfacial adhesion of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. A low frequency (LF) plasma generator was used for the plasma polymerization of γ-GPS on the surface of glass fibers at different plasma powers and exposure times. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and SEM analyses of plasma polymerized glass fibers were conducted to obtain some information about surface properties of glass fibers. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) values and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of composites reinforced with plasma polymerized glass fiber were evaluated. The ILSS and IFSS values of non-plasma polymerized glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite were increased 110 and 53%, respectively, after plasma polymerization of γ-GPS at a plasma power of 60 W for 30 min. The improvement of interfacial adhesion was also confirmed by SEM observations of fractured surface of the composites.     

Study on BMI modified allyl‐functional novolac resin/silica cloth composites: Effect of allylation degree on thermal and mechanical properties

A series of allyl‐functional novolac resin with various allylation degree, from 32.4 to 114.6%, were synthesized and then blended reactively with 4,4′‐bismaleimide biphenyl methane (BMI) at a weight ratio of 2.50:1 to get BMI‐modified allyl‐functional novolac (BMAN) resins. BMAN resins were used as matrix resin to fabricate BMAN/Silica cloth composites by compression molding process. Heat‐resistant properties of the composites were evaluated by means of dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicated that thermal resistance of the composites increased as allylation degree of BMAN resins increased. Mechanical properties of the composites, including interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural strength at room temperature and 300°C, were determined, and the results showed that with increase in allylation degree of matrices the ILSS and flexural strength values of composites at room temperature decreased, but the values of ILSS and flexural strength at 300°C increased. Scanning electron microscope morphology analysis of fracture surface for composites revealed that tough interphase was responsible for the better mechanical properties of the composites based on lower allylation degree resins. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:180–185, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Thermal oxidation of high-modulus carbon fibers impregnated with potassium nitrate

Thermal oxidation of ultra-high-modulus Sigrafil UHM-3 carbon fibers (C-fibers) was performed by using potassium nitrate as an oxidizing agent. The impregnating solution consisted of 0.5–10 wt% KNO₃ in a water/methanol (3:1) mixture. Thermal treatment of the impregnated C-fibers was performed at 600 or 800°C in nitrogen or air, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of a subsequent treatment with 60% sulfuric acid was investigated. The thermal treatment of the impregnated C-fibers in nitrogen caused no change in their mechanical properties, whereas in the case of treatments in air, fiber damage was observed as indicated by a decrease in the tensile strength as well as by an increase of the BET surface area. Therefore, further investigations were carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere. An increase of the C-fibers' interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) from 22 to 40 MN/m² without loss of mechanical properties was achieved by impregnation with solutions of <5 wt% KNO₃. Impregnating solutions with higher concentrations damaged the fibers, however. A further increase of the ILSS to 57 MN/m² was obtained by subsequent treatment after the salt decomposition step with 60% sulfuric acid.