铜、铅、锌电解过程中的极化现象研究

对铜、铅、锌3种重金属电解过程中的极化现象进行全面研究,重点分析了铜电解阴极析氢过电位、锌电积阳极析氧过电位及添加剂的作用机理,并对浓差极化和电化学极化进行研究,以利用阴极过电位控制电解产品质量。     

铜电解沉积过程中阴极过电位影响因素研究进展

铜电解沉积过程中,阴极过电位大小决定了铜结晶的粗细程度,高电流密度下提高高纯阴极铜产率,加强阴极过电位的控制非常关键。通过在铜电解过程中阴极过电位控制方面的研究工作,讨论了几种影响阴极过电位因素。以提高高纯阴极铜产率为目标,分析了电流密度、添加剂、阳极质量及电解液温度等因素对阴极过电位的作用机理,并讨论了各因素的影响规律。     

铜电解中添加剂的检测

对于铜和酸浓度相对稳定的铜电解系统来说,添加剂是影响阴极铜质量的主要因素.然而,目前铜电解生产中主要还是通过观察阴极的沉积状况,凭经验控制添加剂的加入量.准确测定电解液中添加剂的浓度,将有助于通过控制和调节添加剂的最佳浓度,在高电流密度下获得致密光滑的阴极铜产品.笔者介绍了铜电解液中明胶、硫脲、氯离子的测定方法以及通过控制阴极过电位对添加剂的控制方法.     

废杂铜电解用添加剂的研究及生产实践

采用杂铜进行电解精炼时,每一批次原料的杂质种类及含量范围有较大的波动,难以借鉴以矿铜为原料的电解精炼生产经验。在铜电解精炼中加入添加剂是提升阴极铜质量的有效措施之一,本文对杂铜电解精炼中添加剂骨胶、硫脲、盐酸的行为和作用机理进行了研究:骨胶的加入可以使阴极铜表面平整光滑,但需要控制好温度(约65℃),并要定期适量加入;盐酸离子作为添加剂,可增加电铜表面光亮度,氯离子浓度应控制在0.04～0. 05 g/L;骨胶的加入量为硫脲量5～6倍。生产实践中,添加剂用量会受到电流密度和酸浓度的影响,需要进行试验确定最优生产条件。     

粗铅火法精炼除杂工艺实践

铅电解过程中杂质元素如砷、锑、锡、铜等,由于还原电位比铅的还原电位高或和铅的还原电位相近,容易与铅一起在阴极板上还原析出,影响电解铅的纯度;因此,在铅电解之前,必须除去粗铅中的有害杂质。本文采用火法精炼,加硫除铜,碱性造渣除     

降低铜电解过程中阴极铜含银量的工艺研究

通过研究铜电解过程中银的走向、银在阳极泥里的存在形式及阴极铜中铜的极化机理,提出降低铜电解过程中阴极铜含银量的措施。通过生产试验研究了铜阳极板含铜量、电解液含铜量、电解温度、添加剂的种类及浓度、电解液流量等因素对阴极铜含银量的影响,获得了最佳的工艺参数数值范围,为铜电解企业提高贵金属银的富集回收率提供了理论基础;生产出符合GB/T 467—2010-CATH-1国家标准要求的阴极铜板,为铜电解企业综合回收银提供了工艺技术条件,增加了企业的综合经济效益。     

铜自耗阴极法制取Cu-Sr合金

实验研究了铜自耗阴极法电解制取Cu-Sr合金时的电解质组成、温度、阴极电流密度、添加剂等对电解指标的影响,提出了使电极过程顺利进行的必要条件。     

“一价铜盐溶液电解”课题通过技术鉴定

1987年10月26日,上海市高教局主持召开了“一价铜盐溶液电解”课题鉴定会,该项目由上海工业大学完成。它是采用一电子过程取代传统的二电子过程的铜的水溶液电解。当电流效率和槽电压相同时,理论上,一电子过程可使电耗下降50％,若电流密度和电流效率相同时,其生产率可提高一倍。该校对亚铜氯化物溶液中Cu(Ⅰ)的阴极还原机理和铜电极过程动力学,溶液中Cu(Ⅰ)被空气氧化的动力学规律,制取优质致密阴极沉积物的添加剂和电解条件,电解液的电解     

从銅电解净液产品中提取純硫酸鎳

在铜电解过程中,阳极含有少量的镍(0.05～0.7%),这部分镍在电解过程中与铜一道从阳极溶解进入电解液,由于其电位较负,不能在阴极析出,残留在电解液中,韭逐渐积累如果不设法控制,镍积累到一定程度就会为害电解过程,影响阴极铜产品质量,使技术经济指标急骤变坏。同时,以纯硫酸镍晶体或金属镍形态回收这部分镍尚有其经济意义,然而目前国内大多数铜电解车间的净液工序。普遍采用直火蒸发或冷冻,产出粗硫酸镍,由于粗硫酸镍含金属     

提高铜电解阴极垂直度的研究

铜电解阴极垂直度是铜电解生产过程中影响电铜质量和产量的重要因素之一.本文针对提高阴极垂直度,应用正文实验的优选性,对影响垂直度的诸多因素进行优化组合,找出其最佳的条件搭配.     

Electrochemical Determination of Glue in Copper Refinery Electrolyte

A method has been developed for determination of the active glue concentration in copper electrorefinery tankhouse electrolyte. The procedure is carried out in two major steps: i) separation of the active glue fraction from the tankhouse electrolyte containing other organic additives by means of ultrafine molecular filtration and ii) its subsequent quantitative determination by cathodic overpotential measurements. In contrast to earlier approaches, this method is insensitive to varying composition of the tankhouse electrolyte, and a single calibration curve can be used for interpolation of active glue concentrations from the overpotential measurements.     

高铋铜电解系统的生产实践

介绍了高铋电解系统的形成原因和铜电解过程中杂质铋对电铜质量的影响,采取了跟踪阳极板 Bi 含量,稳定电解工艺参数控制,提升电解系统自净化能力,加强电解液过滤,提高净液能力,加强大修期间电 解生产组织等措施,实现了高铋电解系统的稳定控制。     

铜电解液自净化研究进展

在铜电解过程中,粗铜中的有害杂质(主要是As、Sb、Bi)通过电化学溶解进入电解液并不断富集,从而严重危害阴极铜的质量及电解生产,电解液及时净化对阴极铜质量有着重要的意义.针对现行的铜电解液净化工艺中存在的能耗高、污染大、除杂效率低等缺点,对铜电解液自净化工艺进行了评述,详细介绍了目前国内外自净化除杂的实验室研究、工业应用及自净化机理的研究现状,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

Production of copper powder PMS-V under industrial conditions by galvanodynamic electrolysis

Conclusions It is possible by galvanostatic electrolysis under industrial conditions to obtain powder with specified properties.By linearly changing the current vs. time at certain parameters of the straight line I(t) it is possible to maintain conditions under which the regime of electrolysis comes close to the potentiostatic regime.Increasing overpotential entails decreased bulk density and fluidity of the powder.In processing after electrolysis the properties of the powder change the more, the higher the overpotential on the cathode was during electrolysis.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 3(339), pp. 3–8, March, 1991.     

铜电解提高电流密度的生产实践

电流密度是衡量铜电解生产技术水平的一项重要技术指标,铜电解电流密度与阴极铜产量成正比,铜电解提高电流密度将发掘现有设备的潜能。本文介绍了烟台鹏晖铜业有限公司通过设备改造和调整工艺控制参数,加强操作和岗位责任考核,提高铜电解电流密度的生产经验。     

铜米电解工业化试验研究

以铜米为原料在铜电解系统进行工业化应用试验,主要对铜米电解的生产过程控制、能耗、产品质量的研究情况进行了阐述。工业试验结果表明,铜米电解工艺可以产出接近A级铜品质的阴极铜,目前技术条件下,铜米直接电解生产阴极铜工艺成本高,仍需进行改进。     

锡精炼除铜渣直接电解新工艺研究及工艺实践

研究了锡精炼除铜渣电解时电解周期、物料粒度、添加剂等因素对电解过程的影响，针对锡精炼铜渣难于处理、技术经济指标差的实际情况，提出了在铜渣直接电解过程中加入添加剂的方法，结果、电解主要经济指标得到了大幅度提高。     

A control criterion for the electrolysis process in the manufacture of copper powder

Conclusions The proposed control criterion ensures maximum output, and therefore satisfies themain requirement for the industrial production of copper powder by electrolysis. Optimum conditions are calculated with the aid of mathematical models describing the electrolysis process, taking into account limitations imposed on process parameters by operating specifications. Optimum conditions for the electrolysis of copper powder can be chosen using simple calculators.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5(209), pp. 29–31, May, 1980.     

Effect of thiourea on the copper cathode polarization behavior in acidic copper sulfate at 65 °C

The effects of different concentrations of thiourea (TU) on the copper cathode polarization behavior in an acidic copper sulfate solution was investigated at 65 °C using potentiodynamic and galvanostatic methods. The results showed that there was a transition current density for each concentration of the fresh TU, below which the TU exhibited a polarizing effect and above which the TU manifested a depolarizing effect on the copper cathode. The depolarizing effect increased with cathodic overpotential. The transition current density increased with TU concentration and decreased with time. Lowering of the electrolyte temperature resulted in diminution of the transition current density considerably. In the modern copper electrorefining conditions (65 °C, 150 to 350 A/m², and using approximately 1 to 4 mg/dm³ of TU), TU produces only a polarizing effect on the copper cathode.     

Studies on the application of copper(I)-ammune sulphate electrolytes in copper electrorefining

The electrolysis of a copper(I)-ammine sulphate electrolyte between copper electrodes has been investigated. A sealed cell and a solution containing 30 g/kg Cu, 95 g/kg NH₃ and 95 g/kg SO₄ were used.Current efficiencies (cathodic and anodic), at current densities over 100 A/m², were higher than 95% and were practically independent of the electrolysis variables (25–55°, 100–500 A/m² and 70–130 g/kg of NH₃ solution).It was shown that at temperatures over 40°C the energy consumption for electrorefining is lower in the copper(I)-ammine electrolyte than in a typical acidic electrolyte.Contributions to the energy consumption from the electrode processes and the resistance of the electrolyte have been determined from the experimental data.