地基含倾斜界面对Love波弥散特性

利用有限元法及解析法相结合的方法建立了地基含有倾斜层时Ｌｏｖｅ波弥散特征方程和位移计算公式，利用这一方法研究了该类地基Ｌｏｖｅ波弥散特性，并与水平成层地基进行比较。     

饱和土中Love波弥散特性

本文利用有限元法推导了饱和土中Ｌｏｖｅ面波的弥散特性方程，讨论了饱和土中Ｌｏｖｅ面波波速度的弥散特性及位移分布规律，并与相应弹性地基Ｌｏｖｅ面波的波速度弥散曲线进行了比较。     

用Love面波特性计算动力响应的进一步探讨

根据上软下硬地基中Ｌｏｖｅ面波的能流分布规律，提出了利用Ｌｏｖｅ面波的第一模态波模拟水平方向传播波，而竖直方向传播波则采用半无限单元来模拟。通过算例来验证本文方法的可靠性和精确性，并讨论了传统的传递边界法的可靠性，对这两种方法进行了比较。最后讨论了衰减系数φ对计算结果的灵敏性。     

各向异性成层地基中Rayleigh波的弥散特性

利用有限单元法及解析法推导了各向异性层地基中Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ面波的弥散特征方程及各模态波位移分布的计算公式，可用于计算上软下硬地基，上硬下软地基及夹层地基Ｒａｙｌｅｉｈｔ面波的弥散曲线及位移分布。本文主要对各向异性上软下硬地基中Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ面波弥散特性及位移分布规律进行了讨论。     

利用瑞利波速度弥散特性反演地基参数

文献[1]利用有限元与半无限元相结合的方法已能精确有效地计算成层地基R波速度的理论弥散曲线.在此基础上,本文利用阻尼最小二乘法推导了R面波法反分析成层地基土的有关参数的公式,给出了应用实测的R波弥散曲线反演土层参数的方法,并编制了相应的计算机程序.最后,通过计算实例验证了本文方法的可靠性和实用性.     

饱和土层中Love波的传播特性

基于Ｂｉｏｔ的液体饱和孔隙介质模型，考虑孔隙流体粘性，导出了弹性半空间上饱和土层中Ｌｏｖｅ波的复频散方程，然后将其转化为两个实方程并利用迭代的方法进行求解。讨论了Ｌｏｖｅ波的波速范围、Ｌｏｖｅ波的频散和衰减特性以及Ｌｏｖｅ波的位移分布。     

匀质软夹层地基瑞利波弥散特性

本文利用有限单元法和解析法推导了求上软下硬地基，夹层地基及道路结构瑞利波弥散曲线及位移分布的计算公式，得到了兼有有限单元法计算简单及解析法精度高之优点的计算方法，且编制了相应的计算机程序，并着重讨论了匀质软夹层地基瑞利波的弥散特性。     

Love波变分原理与Love面波法的反演技术

本文从Ｌｏｖｅ波的变分原理出发，导出了非均质地基土参数（如剪切波速度β、质量密度ρ）的微小扰动引起Ｌｏｖｅ波相速度ｃ或波数ｋ的微小变化的解析关系式，进而求得相速度或波数对土层参数（β、ρ）的偏微商．在利用面波法（即ＳＡＳＷ法）反演土层参数时，若以上述偏微商代替以往的割线法［１］［２］计算偏导数迭代矩阵Ａ＿Ｋ，不仅准确，而且可大大减少计算量，节约机时，提高反演速度．文末给出的实例证明了此法的合理性和实用性。     

非饱和土地基中P1波通过复合多层波阻板的传播特性研究

基于弹性波在非饱和多孔介质与单相弹性介质中的传播理论,考虑在非饱和土地基中设置一定厚度的复合多层波阻板(复合多层波阻板以3层为例),利用Helmholtz矢量分解定理,推导了非饱和土地基中P₁波通过复合多层波阻板的透射、反射振幅比的解析解。通过数值算例分析了层间波阻板剪切模量和密度等物理、力学参数对非饱和土地基中P₁波通过复合多层波阻板时传播特性的影响规律。结果表明：复合多层波阻板中层间波阻板材料的剪切模量对透、反射系数影响显著,层间波阻板材料的密度对透、反射系数影响较小。故严格控制层间波阻板的剪切模量可以获得很好的隔振效果,这为复合多层波阻板在地基振动控制领域中的应用提供理论指导。     

利用Love波特性计算地基动力响应

本文利用Love波弥散特性在频域上对地基出平面振动及扭振问题进行了研究。在计算区域内结构将采用有限单元划分,而在边界上则根据Love 面波特性使用传递边界有限单元。本文同时讨论了不同模态波对结构动力响应的贡献。本文方法也适合于静力分析。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.