CVI制备C/Si3N4复合材料及其表征

以SICl₄-NH₃-H₂为反应体系,采用化学气相渗透法CVI)制备C/Si₃N₄复合材料.渗透产物的能谱和X射线衍射表明渗透产物为非晶态Si₃N₄,经1350℃真空热处理后,产物仍然为非晶态Si₃N₄;经1450℃真空热处理后,产物已经发生晶型转变,由非晶态转变为晶态的α-Si₃N₄和β-Si₃N₄.渗透温度、渗透时间、气体流量对试样致密化、增重及微观结构的影响研究表明渗透温度为900℃、SiCl4流量为30mL/min、H2流量为100mL/min、NH₃流量为80mL/min、渗透时间120h、系统压力1000Pa时,气体渗透进入碳布预制体后,在预制体内反应均匀,制备的复合材料较均匀.     

CVI制备Si3N4p/Si3N4透波材料表征与性能

以SiCl4-NH3-H2为反应体系，采用化学气相渗透（CVI）法制备Si3N4p／Si3N4透波材料．XRF测试表明试样主要含Si、N、O三种元素．XRD测试表明复合材料主要成分为α-Si3N4和非晶沉积物和非晶SiO2，并有微量的β-Si3N4和晶体Si，高温热处理可使非晶沉积物转变为α-Si3N4和β-Si3N4．SEM照片显示颗粒团间结合不够致密，残留气孔偏大．试样的弯曲强度最高为94MPa，介电常数为4．1-4．8．     

放电等离子快速烧结SiC晶须增强Si3N4BN层状复合材料

采用放电等离子烧结技术（SPS）快速烧结了SiC晶须增强的Si3N4/BN层状复合材料。利用SPS技术，在烧结温度为1650℃，保温15min的条件下，材料的密度可达3．18g/cm^3, 抗弯强度高达600MPa，断裂功达到3500J/m^2。研究表明；特殊的层状结构，SiC晶须的拔出与折断是材料断裂功提高的主要原因。X射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜研究表明：α-Si3N4已经在短短的烧结过程中全部转变成长柱状的β-Si3N4，并且长柱状的β-Si3N4和SiC晶须具有明显的织构。     

挤压铸造法制备双连续β-Si3N4增强铝基复合材料

通过碳热还原法制备了气孔率为53.4%~70.2%的β-Si3N4多孔预制体,利用挤压铸造法制备双连续β-Si3N4增强铝基复合材料。随着β-Si3N4陶瓷增强相体积分数的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度由383.9 MPa增加到584.8 MPa,显微硬度由162.7HV增加到241.5HV,断裂韧性由11.9 MPa·m1/2下降到9.5 MPa·m1/2。铝合金基体的断裂模式是韧性断裂,β-Si3N4棒状晶的断裂模式受到晶粒取向的影响。复合材料强韧化机制主要有负荷传递、位错增殖、裂纹桥联、裂纹偏转和微裂纹增韧。     

Si_3N_4原位增强Cu基复合材料的制备

采用感应炉熔炼及水雾化工艺制得了Cu-Si合金粉末,经N2、H2混合气体选择氮化和真空放电等离子烧结(SPS)成型,制备得到了Si3N4原位增强Cu基复合材料(Si3N4/Cu),利用萃取法研究了选择性氮化产物及其晶体结构。结果表明:复合粉末中N含量随氮化温度的升高和氮化时间的延长而增大。在1 000℃下氮化,持续时间大于60h时,粉末中的N含量明显提高;Cu的衍射峰出现整体向大角度方向的明显偏移,同时晶格常数变小,表明Si从Cu基体中脱溶,与N反应生成Si3N4;Si3N4/Cu复合材料的增强体以β-Si3N4为主;随着氮化温度的升高和氮化时间的延长,Si3N4/Cu复合材料的电导率和硬度逐步提高。     

SPS法制备β-Si3N4／MoSi2基复合材料的工艺研究

本文用放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备了β—si3N4／MoSi2基复合材料,研究了烧结工艺对B—Si3N4／MoSi2基复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明：当烧结温度为1450℃,升温速率为100℃／min,B—Si3N4含量为20％时,β-Si3N4／MoSi2基复合材料的组织与性能较优。     

以AC发泡剂为添加剂燃烧合成α-Si3N4粉体

以硅粉和Si3N4粉体为反应剂,偶氮二甲酰胺(AC发泡剂)为添加剂,利用燃烧合成技术在较低氮气压力下制备了高α相含量的Si3N4粉体.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分别对产物的物相组成及显微结构进行了表征,研究了AC发泡剂对α相Si3N4粉体的形成和产物颗粒形貌的影响.结果表明,AC发泡剂能促进硅粉快速氮化,产物中α-Si3N4的含量随着AC发泡剂添加量的增加而增加.当AC发泡剂的添加量为24wt%时,产物中α-Si3N4的含量高达85.2wt%.对AC发泡剂作用下的燃烧合成Si3N4的反应机理做了初步探讨,研究表明:AC发泡剂的分解产物N2、CO、NH3不仅增加了坯体的透气性,而且改变了燃烧反应的传热和传质路线,从而促进了硅粉快速氮化和α-Si3N4粉体的生成.     

h-BN/Si3N4陶瓷复合材料的断裂行为及断裂韧性

以亚微米级α-Si3N4和h-BN粉末为原料,Y2O3-Al2O3为助烧剂,采用热压烧结制备了h-BN/Si3N4陶瓷复合材料.研究3h-BN含量对h-BN/Si3N4陶瓷复合材料断裂韧性及其断裂行为的影响.结果表明:随着h-BN含量增加,柱状β-Si3N4晶粒的直径和长径比均下降;未加h-BN时,β-Si3N4陶瓷以沿晶断裂为主,添加体积含量为6%和8%的h-BN后,复合材料出现明显的沿晶和穿晶断裂,而添加10%h-BN的陶瓷复合材料则以沿晶断裂为主.随着h-BN含量增加,h-BN/Si3N4陶瓷复合材料的断裂韧性下降,但由于h-BN颗粒对裂纹扩展的影响,因而其下降程度不大.     

气体流量比对反应溅射Si3N4薄膜的影响

利用射频磁控反应溅射法,以高纯Si为靶材,高纯N2气为反应气体,在Si衬底上制备出了Si3N4薄膜,研究了气体流量比对薄膜质量的影响.结果表明,薄膜的沉积速率主要与气体的流量比有关,随着气体流量比的增加,沉积速率下降,靶面的溅射由金属模式过渡到氮化物模式;薄膜中N/Si的原子比增加;红外吸收谱的Si-N键的振动峰向标准峰逼近.     

液硅渗透法制备SiBC改性C/CSiC复合材料

为了降低液硅渗透法制备C/C-SiC复合材料中残留Si的含量, 采用浆料浸渗结合液硅渗透工艺制备B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃改性C/C-SiC复合材料。通过分析不同比例B₄C-Si体系在不同温度的反应产物, 确定了B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃的生成条件。结果表明: B₄C和Si在1300℃开始反应, 生成少量B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃和SiC, 且B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃的生成量随反应温度的升高而增加; 当B₄C和Si的摩尔比为3:1、 反应温度为1500℃ 时, 产物为B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃和SiC; 液硅渗透法制备的C/C-SiC复合材料相组成为非晶态C、 β-SiC和B₁₂(C, Si, B)₃, 未见残留Si。     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.