焦炉温度分布的监控

一、前言现代化的高炉为了进行正常生产,要求使用高质量的焦炭,尤其是要具有良好的机械性能。众所周知,通过调整加热烟道内的温度分布,可获得最佳的炼焦条件。温度分布的均匀程度对于各焦炉供热水平的控制、焦炭机械性能的均匀程度、焦炉生产率、耐火材料寿命、能源消耗及大气污染等都有直接影响。焦炉加热制度的控制对于较大尺寸的大容积焦炉更为重要。至今仍然可以说,对于焦炭生产厂,诸如高质量的焦炭、能源节约、环境保护以及焦炉生产的操作,其控制手段是不完全一样的。     

水泥回转窑温度分布研究

考虑了回转窑煤粉燃烧和窑内化学反应,建立了计算回转窑温度分布的综合数学模型,并对标准工况的编程求解,计算出烟气、物料、窑内壁和窑筒体外表面温度分布,对物料温度分布进了分析.将计算所得的窑筒体外表面温度分布与实测值相比较,两者具有较好的一致性,验证了所建立的回转窑温度场计算模型的有效性,为优化回转窑内的热工状况提供依据.     

RH精炼温度模型仿真及应用

基于RH精炼处理的内在原理，结合实际生产和经验数据，建立RH钢水精炼温度模型。文章主要介绍RH温度模型的基本原理及仿真过程，该模型已在宝钢二炼钢RH精炼炉中投入运行。     

热轧带钢横向温度分布的测量

热轧带钢全长和全宽范围内均匀的几何形状及机械性能是平稳加工带钢并获得优质成品所必不可少的。在生产中开发并使用了一种在热轧期间测量及计算带钢的横向温度分布的系统。结果可以发现，带钢整个宽度上的温差最大为10℃。     

2050轧机粗轧过程温度仿真模型的研究

采用差分原理建立了宝山钢铁集团公司2050轧机粗轧段钢板温度的数学模型(包括空冷、除鳞水冷却、轧制升温、轧辊接触共4种影响温度的过程)．全面分析了2050热轧阶段钢板温度的变化过程，并编写了计算软件。计算结果与实测值吻合较好。     

滑块温度分布的计算及分析

加热炉均热段滑块顶部温度的高低，对滑块的使用寿命和钢坯加热质量起着关键性的作用。本文采用一维导热数学模型对其进行了数值计算，得到了沿高度上的温度分布，并对结果进行了分析。     

铸坯导向辊温度分布及变形分析

对整体和辊套结构型式连铸机导辊的温度和受力变形进行数值模拟计算,结果表明:整体辊比辊套结构导辊的抗变形能力高且传热效果好;对需要采用辊套结构导辊的情况下,可以采用将辊套壁厚适当加大等方法优化辊套尺寸设计,并采用高强耐热材质的辊套来加强其抗变形能力;选择适当的二冷方式则可以避免由于其传热方面的弱点而影响导辊使用寿命或铸坯质量的问题;从而从铸机设备设计方面保证铸坯生产顺利,提高连铸机的综合经济技术指标.     

连铸机结晶器内温度分布的计算软件

本文叙述了所开发的采用有限差分显示法模拟计算方坯、板坯连铸机结晶器内温度分布和钢水流动情况的计算软件。结果表明，计算值和现场测定值基本吻合。     

开坯—粗轧生产流程铸坯温度变化规律分析

对325 mm×280 mm大方坯在开坯、加热炉加热、堆垛缓冷和水除鳞等生产流程的温度变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:开坯到160 mm×160 mm热轧坯时,角部温度已经下降到990℃,表面中心温度下降到1 012℃。冷装热轧坯经过50 min的加热后温度基本达到1 000℃,热轧坯开坯后直接入炉经过40 min的加热后热轧坯温度已经达到1 060℃以上,基本满足了轧制的要求。铸坯经过堆垛冷却48 h后,堆垛表层的铸坯中心温度下降到20℃左右,堆垛中心的铸坯中心温度下降到80℃左右。冷却速率自顶向下逐渐减慢,堆冷铸坯的冷却速率为8.3~15.3℃/h,铸坯的平均冷却速率为10.44℃/h。热轧坯在经过水除鳞段后,铸坯角部温度下降到1 053℃,边部中心温度下降到1 055℃,整个水除鳞阶段热轧坯的温降幅度在15℃左右。     

Factors Affecting Temperature Distribution along Thickness of Plate during Cooling Process and its Control Strategies

 Based on the finite difference method, the factors affecting the temperature distribution along the thickness of plate during cooling process were analyzed. They include heat of transformation, heat conduction coefficient, specific heat, carbon content, cooling time, plate thickness and water flow. These factors form the basis of cooling specifications. In order to ensure the temperature distribution homogenous along the thickness, some cooling strategies, such as, interval cooling, zonal arrangement of header, were applied on line. The on-line results showed that the finite difference method can correct simulate the cooling process and that the structure permanence of the steel improved greatly.     

Numerical Simulation of Coupled Molten Steel Flow and Temperature Fields in Compact Strip Production Casting

  Based on the casting manufacture practice of steel slabs by CSP technology, the flow and the temperature fields of the funnel mould and the secondary cooling segment were simulated using the commercial code, CFX4. Compared with other physical investigations, the correlative data of the present simulation results are in good agreement with them. Therefore, a more comprehensive survey for metallurgy characteristic of the flow and the temperature fields in CSP continuous casting process can be achieved.     

板带热轧过程中温度场的三维热力耦合有限元模拟

采用弹塑性大变形热力耦合胡了法研究了板带热轧过程，应用有限元软件MARC的二次开发技术建立了板带轧制模型，重点分析了轧制过程和变形区中轧件的温度分布和温度变化过程，计算结果与实验结果比较符合。     

Modelling the Temperature Distribution along the Length of Strip during Hot Rolling Process

Hot strip rolling process includes four main stages, which are reheating process, roughing and finishing process, laminar‐cooling process, and coiling process respectively. Temperature is the most sensitive parameter and has direct effect on the microstructural evolution and further the mechanical properties, and the accurate control of temperature guarantees the quality of products and homogeneity of properties along the strip length. However, for the conventional hot strip rolling process, thermal history along the strip length is very complex, the related temperature variation concerns air cooling, water cooling, heat transmission by roll contact, heat generation by deformation and friction. Based on the actual hot strip mill, the thermal models are established in this paper to simulate the temperature distribution along the whole strip length from the reheating furnace exit to the down coiler. Different interface heat transmission coefficients are selected for the scale breaking and spray water‐cooling process, and a self‐learning algorithm is thus employed to improve the calculation accuracy. This model is characterized as simple and fast, and convenient for on‐line/off‐line prediction of temperature. Finally the simulated results are verified by the on‐line temperature detection at typical points such as roughing exit (RT2), finishing exit (FT7) and coiling position (CT).     

负荷分配对精轧带钢温度的影响

用带钢热连轧精轧温度控制模拟软件,系统地研究了负荷分配对带钢精轧轧制过程中变形温升、水冷温降以及精轧出口温度的影响,并总结出了相应的规律,为建立高精度热连轧带钢温度控制模型提供了理论依据.     

精轧区热轧带钢温度场的数值模拟

通过对带钢热连轧过程传热关系的分折，利用有限差分法建立了带钢三维温度场的数值计算模型。结合攀枝花钢铁集团公司热轧生产线的实际条件，利用该模型模拟了精轧区带钢的温度场，并与实泅结果进行了比较，验证了模型的可靠性。在此基础上，讨论了终轧厚度和轧制速度对带钢温度场的影响，为改进和优化轧制工艺提供了理论依据。     

Numerical Simulation of Austenite Recrystallization in CSP Hot Rolled C-Mn Steel Strip

An integrated mathematical model is developed to predict the microstructure evolution of C-Mn steel during multipass hot rolling on the CSP production line,and the thermal evolution,the temperature distribution,the deformation,and the austenite recrystallization are simulated.The characteristics of austenite recrystallization of hot rolled C-Mn steel in the CSP process are also discussed.The simulation of the microstructure evolution of C-Mn steel ZJ510L during CSP multipass hot rolling indicates that dynamic recrystallization and metadynamic recrystallization may easily occur in the first few passes,where nonuniform recrystallization and inhomogeneous grain size microstructure may readily occur;during the last few passes,static recrystallization may occur dominantly,and the microstructure will become more homogeneous and partial recrystallization may occur at relatively low temperature.     

中间包温度分布的模拟研究

利用湍流理论,建立中间包温度场的数学模型.通过建立中间包温度场的有限元模型,分析了有限元法在模拟中间包温度场方面的应用.基于有限元法对中间包温度场及其温度分布进行了分析研究,结果表明:中间包内钢水的流动在许多情况下表现为一种非等温状态下的流动,不同结构中间包内钢液温度分布有差异.优化后的中间包钢液的温度分布均匀,有利于提高连铸坯的质量.     

高强度钢板热轧应变分布的计算和模拟

本文基于大变形弹塑性原理,采用隐式静态有限元法分析了压下量和轧制温度对高强度钢Q500D板材热轧应变分布的影响,得到了在不同压下量和轧制温度下塑性应变的分布规律,并将计算结果与实际热轧试验所得的数据进行了比较,相当吻合,证明此种模拟方法对于制定轧制工艺具有一定的指导意义。     

2030五机架冷连轧机动态仿真系统

通过对冷连轧机进行动态仿真,可以进行新钢种的开发研究以及为轧机改造提供可靠的参考数据.利用MATRIXX大型仿真系统软件建立了国内第一套五机架冷连轧机动态仿真系统,详细介绍了仿真系统的整体结构和主要功能.该仿真系统功能完善,仿真精度高于95%.