“黑美人”马铃薯多酚氧化酶的特性研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,在413nm处测定黑美人马铃薯多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,研究了温度、pH、底物浓度对其活性的影响,并建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程,探讨了L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、EDTA及亚硫酸氢钠五种抑制剂对酶促褐变的抑制效果。结果表明:黑美人马铃薯多酚氧化酶最适反应pH为6.3;最适反应温度为35℃;酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,以邻苯二酚为底物,Km=0.0011mol/L,Vmax=142.23U/min.g;动力学方程为V=142.23[S]/(0.0011+[S]);五种抑制剂均对PPO酶促褐变具有抑制作用,其强弱依次为亚硫酸氢钠>L-半胱氨酸>抗坏血酸>EDTA>柠檬酸。     

芒果多酚氧化酶的特性及抑制研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法在420nm处测定芒果多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,研究了温度、pH值、底物浓度对其活性的影响,并建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程,探讨了L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠、柠檬酸和醋酸五种抑制剂对芒果酶促褐变的抑制效果。结果表明,芒果多酚氧化酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH值为6.86;酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程所描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,以邻苯二酚为底物的最大反应速度Vmax=192(U/min·g),Km=0.0173mol/L,相应的动力学方程为v=192[S]/(0.0173+[S]);五种物质对该酶均表现出不同的抑制作用,抑制效果为:抗坏血酸>L-半胱氨酸>亚硫酸氢钠>柠檬酸>醋酸。     

金银花叶多酚氧化酶的酶学特性

对金银花叶多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性进行研究。以新鲜金银花叶片为原料,采用溶剂法从中提取多酚氧化酶粗液,研究不同的温度、pH值、底物浓度、抑制剂等因素对PPO活性的影响,建立酶促褐变动力学方程。研究结果表明,金银花叶PPO的最适温度45℃,最适pH6.5,安全、经济的褐变抑制剂柠檬酸;当以邻苯二酚为底物时,金银花叶PPO活性与底物浓度关系符合米氏方程的酶促反应动力学规律,最大反应速度Vmax=313U/min,Km=0.0197mol/L。     

茄子多酚氧化酶特性及控制研究

茄子多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)是引起酶促褐变,导致果实褐变的主要原因.采用匀浆法从茄子中提取多酚氧化酶粗液,以邻苯二酚为底物,在λ420nm处研究温度、pH值、底物浓度对茄子果实中PPO活性的影响,建立相应的酶促褐变反应动力学方程.探讨L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠、柠檬酸4种抑制剂对茄子酶促褐变的抑制效果.结果表明,茄子多酚氧化酶的最适温度为30℃,最适pH值为6.0及8.5(可能存在同工酶),酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程所描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,相应的动力学参数Km=0.0215 U/(min·g),Vmax=0.539U/(min·g),相应的动力学方程为v=0.539[S]/(0.0215+[S]);供试4种抑制剂防止果实褐变的效果由强到弱依次是:抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠、L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸.另外,茄子PPO对高温较为敏感,在100℃时加热105 s可钝化酶活性.     

山药多酚氧化酶的特性和抑制研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,410nm处测定山药多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,研究了pH、温度、底物浓度、酶浓度、抑制剂和激活剂对山药多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,山药PPO最适反应pH为6.5,最适反应温度为40℃;柠檬酸、草酸、L-抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠及半胱氨酸五种抑制剂对山药PPO均有抑制作用,其强弱依次为:L-半胱氨酸>抗坏血酸>草酸>柠檬酸>亚硫酸氢钠;硫酸铜和三氯化铁均有加速酶促褐变作用,强弱为CuSO_4>FeCl_3。     

西葫芦多酚氧化酶酶学特性研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法对西葫芦多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性及不同抑制剂对多酚氧化酶活性的影响进行研究。结果表明,西葫芦多酚氧化酶最适pH为6.6,最适温度为35℃,90℃处理5min可使该酶失活。多酚氧化酶催化的酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,动力学参数为Km=0.0417mol/L,Vmax=208.33U。四种抑制剂对PPO的抑制效果由强到弱依次为:亚硫酸氢钠>L-半胱氨酸>抗坏血酸>柠檬酸。     

库尔勒梨多酚氧化酶的酶学特性

以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法对库尔勒梨多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性进行研究。结果表明：库尔勒梨PPO 的最适pH 值为5.7,最适温度为42℃;短时间高温能显著抑制PPO 酶活力;PPO 催化的酶促褐变反应符合米氏动力学方程,该酶促反应的最大速率为169.49U/min,Km 值为0.152mol/L;与柠檬酸、NaCl 和EDTA-2Na相比,抗坏血酸对库尔勒梨PPO 的抑制效果较好。     

毛酸浆多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

以毛酸浆中多酚氧化酶(PPO)为研究对象,采用分光光度法在420nm处对其酶学特性进行研究。结果表明,毛酸浆PPO的底物邻苯二酚的最适质量分数为0.04%;最适pH为7.0;最适温度为35℃;100℃处理2min,可使酶完全失活;PPO催化的酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,动力学参数为Km=0.025mol/L,Vmax=125U/min;抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸和亚硫酸钠对PPO酶活性的抑制作用均随浓度的增大而加强,抑制能力由强到弱依次为:抗坏血酸柠檬酸L-半胱氨酸EDTA亚硫酸氢钠。     

冬瓜多酚氧化酶的特性及抑制剂研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,采用'分光光度法在420 nm 处测定冬瓜多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,研究了不同温度和 pH 值对其活性的影响,并建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程,探讨了抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠、柠檬酸和 EDTA-2Na 4 种抑制剂对冬瓜酶促褐变的抑制效果.结果表明,冬瓜多酚氧化酶的最适温度为20℃,最适pH值为6.0;冬瓜多酚氧化酶的米氏方程符合单底物酶促反应动力学,相应的动力学参数为 Kin=0.0118 mol/L,Vm=0.0586 U/min;化学抑制剂抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠、柠檬酸和EDTA-2Na 对多酚氧化酶都有抑制作用,其活性分别为对照的25%、32%、62%和57%.     

槟榔芋多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法研究p H、温度、底物浓度对槟榔芋多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响,建立相应的酶促褐变反应动力学方程,并探讨抗坏血酸、L-半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、尿素、Cu Cl2对PPO活性的影响。研究结果表明,槟榔芋PPO的最适p H为6.5;最适温度为35℃;在20℃和30℃时在60 min之内槟榔芋PPO保持较稳定的活性,30℃~60℃处理破坏PPO部分活性,70℃加热10 min PPO活性接近零;在最适作用条件下,槟榔芋PPO的酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,且相应动力学参数为Km=54.05 mmol·L-1,Vmax=588.24 U·min-1。抗坏血酸、L-半胱氨酸可抑制槟榔芋PPO活性,当它们浓度分别为2.5 mmol/L和6 mmol/L时,可有效抑制槟榔芋PPO活性,而甘氨酸对槟榔芋PPO活性无抑制作用;尿素、Cu Cl2可增强槟榔芋PPO活性,当它们浓度分别为150 mmol/L和1 mmol/L时,可明显提高槟榔芋PPO活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press