Fatty Acid Content of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracted Fractions of Beef Fat

Utilization of beef fat might be improved via production of fractions with specific functional properties. Beef fat was fractionated using supercritical carbon dioxide at 40°C and pressures from 10.3–27.6 MPa. Extractions followed by one or two stage separation were collected into glass vials at atmospheric pressure and temperature. Resultant extracts were analyzed for fatty acid content by gas chromatography (GC). A significant difference in concentration due to extraction pressure for 16 straight chain fatty acids, 6 branched chain fatty acids, and 7 unknowns was found. Total fatty acids (mg/g extract) increased as pressure increased. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with increasing pressure and solvent density as shown by the saturate/ unsaturate, saturate/monounsaturate, and saturate/polyunsaturate ratios.     

Conditions for Extraction and Concentration of Beef Fat Volatiles with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Beef fat was fractionated using supercritical carbon dioxide at 40°C and pressures from 10.3–27.6 MPa. Fractions were analyzed for volatile content using purge and trap gas chromatography. One hundred six volatiles were identified. The concentrations of straight or branched-chain hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, olefins, enals, lactones, and total volatiles were significantly influenced by extraction conditons. The control contained the least volatiles in each class analyzed. Total volatiles were concentrated over controls by 10–100 fold depending on treatment, with lowest pressure extraction conditions yielding highest concentrations of volatiles.     

Fat and Cholesterol Content of Beef Patties as Affected by Supercritical CO2 Extraction

Beef patties (raw, raw freeze-dried, cooked, and cooked freeze-dried) were prepared for treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO). Each type of patty was then assigned to one of four treatments: control, static extraction at 170 atm/50°C, dynamic extraction at 170 atm/50°C and dynamic extraction at 544 atm/40°C. Freeze drying of the patties prior to SC-CO₂ extraction improved removal of fat and cholesterol. Freeze drying enhanced (P<0.01) cholesterol extraction; however, precooking had limited effects (P>0.05) on cholesterol extraction. Supercritical fluid extraction could be effective to reduce the fat and cholesterol content of preformed meat products, without requiring communication of the sample.     

Beef Shank Fat Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Propane Mixtures and in Liquid Propane

For propane, conditions were 298K and 308K at the liquid vapor pressure. For supercritical mixtures, conditions were 308K at pressures from 8.9 to 15.7 MPa. The solubility of fat in CO₂-propane increased with increasing pressure, up to 0.66wt% at 15.7 MPa. The average solubility of the fat in propane at 298K was 16.7wt% and at 308K it was 21.4wt%. The extracted fat was solid with a melting range of 295–314K. There was no apparent degradation of collagen during extractions. Beef shank fat extraction with propane is feasible and advantageous over use of supercritical CO₂-propane.     

Volatile Content and Sensory Attributes of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts of Cooked Chicken Fat

Volatile and sensory profiles were generated for extracts of cooked chicken fat obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide at 10.3 MPa, 20.7 MPa, and 31.O MPa at 40°C. Volatiles (318 total) were quantitated and 77 were identified. Concentrations of total volatiles, 7 compound classes, and 63 individual compounds were affected by treatments, generally increasing with decreasing extraction pressure. All extracts had higher concentrations than unextracted control. Total volatiles were concentrated 12-fold. Six sensory notes differed by treatment. Chicken fat aroma and flavor intensities were greater for all extracts than control and increased as pressure decreased. Total volatiles, 5 classes, and 42 individual compounds correlated with chicken fat aroma and/or flavor.     

大豆蛋白纤维超临界二氧化碳染色探讨

介绍在超临界CO2中用分散活性染料对大豆蛋白纤维进行染色,通过正交试验得出优化染色工艺:染色压力为15MPa,染色温度为80 ℃,染色时间为20 min.     

超临界CO_2萃取在多不饱和脂肪酸纯化中应用

该文介绍超临界CO_2萃取在多不饱和脂肪酸纯化中应用,对超临界CO_2萃取多不饱和脂肪酸的相平衡基础研究和工艺研究现状进行详细介绍,并分析目前应用领域中存在问题,提出一些解决方法。     

玉米胚芽油的超临界CO2萃取

研究了超临界CO2流体萃取玉米胚芽油的条件,着重研究了萃取压力、温度、萃取时间和CO2流量对油脂萃取率的影响,优化了萃取工艺条件;萃取压力35MPa,温度50℃,时间3h,CO3流量34kg/h,并利用GC／MS分析了最佳条件下萃取的玉米胚芽油成分组成。并比较了超临界CO2萃取的玉米胚芽油样和乙醚萃取油样的理化性质。     

蚕蛹油脂的超临界二氧化碳萃取工艺及分析

采用四因素三水平正交试验方案对超临界CO2 流体萃取蚕蛹油脂的工艺参数进行研究,考察温度、压力、CO2 流量和分离Ⅰ压力等参数对油脂萃取量的影响效果。结果表明：萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2 流量25kg/h、分离Ⅰ压力9MPa 为最佳参数组合,此条件下油脂萃取率可达30.53%,影响油脂萃取量的主要因素是压力。并对其脂肪酸组成及理化性质指标进行分析和测定,结果表明所得油样中游离脂肪酸较少,有害的过氧化值低、不饱和脂肪酸含量高、无臭味。     

涤纶织物在超临界二氧化碳流体中的染色研究

利用在超临界二氧化碳流体中加入分散染料的方法,对涤纶织物的染色效臬进行了研究。考察了影响染色的三个主要因素（温度、压力、染色时间）对上染量的影响,并测定了涤纶织物的上染量和色牢度。实验结果表明,当超临界二氧化碳染色的工艺条件为温度90℃、压力28MPa、染色时间1h时,涤纶织物的染色质量较好。     

超临界CO2萃取大蒜提取物

研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取大蒜精油的可行性 ,得出最佳的提取工艺条件为 15MPa,40℃。若只需得到蒜素可采用发酵醇提法预处理 ,这样所得蒜素的得率最高 ,可达 44 .5 7% ,若要得到大蒜精油必须进一步利用有机溶剂进行萃取 ,每千克大蒜可得大蒜精油 1.8g。同时对制得的大蒜精油进行了红外吸收光谱定性分析。     

超临界流体对杉木渗透性改变的研究

利用超临界CO2流体,采用均匀设计方案对杉木进行处理,然后再对其渗透性进行测定,与未处理材的渗透性相比较.结果表明,经超临界CO2处理的杉木试材,其渗透性得到部分改善.     

超临界二氧化碳技术产业化若干问题的探讨

介绍了超临界二氧化碳技术及其工业化设备在国内的应用情况,进而阐述了有关超临界二氧化碳技术产业化应用过程中所面临的问题及解决方案,探讨了该技术在产业化过程中的经济可行性以及该技术在印染行业中的应用前景。     

大豆胚芽油的超临界CO2萃取研究

通过超临界CO2流体萃取大豆胚芽油的实验,探讨了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2流量对大豆胚芽油萃取率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的萃取条件为萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间120min、CO2流量25kg/h,在此条件下萃取率为91.38%;超临界CO2法得到的大豆胚芽油不饱和脂肪酸含量为84.2%,其中亚麻酸和亚油酸占74%,碘值为152gI/100g。     

超临界流体分离大豆磷脂酰胆碱

研究了超临界流体CO2 /乙醇分离大豆磷脂酰胆碱的影响因素。结果表明 :在温度 4 0℃- 6 0℃ ,压力在 15MPa - 2 5MPa ,乙醇浓度在 2 % - 2 0 %之间 ,较低的温度 ,较高的压力和较高的乙醇浓度有利磷脂酰胆碱含量的提高。在温度 4 0℃、压力 2 5MPa、乙醇浓度 15 % (v/v)下 ,磷脂酰胆碱含量可达 89% (TLC扫描法 )     

蚕蛹油超临界二氧化碳萃取研究

以蚕蛹为原料,采用正交试验,研究萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力等因素对超临界CO2萃取蚕蛹油影响。确定蚕蛹油超临界CO2萃取条件,即萃取温度35℃,萃取时间2h,萃取压力25MPa。     

超临界CO2杀菌过程中萃取机制研究

在相同工艺条件下对大肠杆菌菌悬液作超临界CO2 处理,对不同时间段萃取液的成分进行分析。结果表明,萃取物主要有两大类：非极性脂肪酸类及极性较弱的小分子氨基酸类物质,均为细胞的功能性物质。证实在超临界CO2 杀菌过程中确实发生了萃取作用。     

CO2超临界流体介质中制革酶脱毛的研究

对CO2超临界流体代替水作介质下的制革酶脱毛进行了研究,并与常规条件下以水作介质进行的有温有浴酶脱毛和堆置酶脱毛作了对比。结果表明：在CO2超临界流体介质中进行制革酶脱毛是可行的,其脱毛分析液的总蛋白含量和羟脯氨酸含量分别约为常规酶脱毛的2倍和1～2倍,其脱毛分析液的酶活力损失低于常规酶脱毛。CO2超临界流体介质中酶脱毛后铬鞣的革,在本实验条件下其收缩温度达到95℃左右,高于常规酶脱毛后铬鞣的革。本实验中较为理想的在CO2超临界流体介质中进行制革酶脱毛的超临界反应条件为：反应压力8．5MPa、反应温度37℃、反应时间2h、AS1．398蛋白酶用量200单位／g皮。     

超临界CO2萃取辣椒红色素的研究

本文着重研究了以传统溶剂萃取法得到的辣椒油树脂为原料，以无毒、易得、价廉的ＣＯ２为萃取剂，采用超临界萃取的方法提取辣椒红色素。通过对萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、ＣＯ_２流量等条件的试验，获得了最佳的工艺参数。试验结果表明，超临界萃取法具有工艺简单、操作安全、产品质量好、萃取效率高等优点。     

超临界CO2法分离番茄中番茄红素的研究

本实验研究了超临界CO2工艺参数对成熟番茄中番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素溶解度的影响。提取压力范围为10～45MPa,温度范围为40～80℃。操作参数不同,番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素及叶黄素在超临界流体中的溶解度不同。实验证明,在35MPa、70℃时,提取物中番茄红素含量可达80.25%,从而省去了番茄红素的纯化过程。