Constructing meta-CASE workbenches by exploiting visual language generators

In this paper, we propose an approach for the construction of meta-CASE workbenches, which suitably integrates the technology of visual language generation systems, UML metamodeling, and interoperability techniques based on the GXL (graph exchange language) format. The proposed system consists of two major components. Environments for single visual languages are generated by using the modeling language environment generator (MEG), which follows a metamodel/grammar-approach. The abstract syntax of a visual language is defined by UML class diagrams, which serve as a base for the grammar specification of the language. The workbench generator (WoG) allows designers to specify the target workbench by means of a process model given in terms of a suitable activity diagram. Starting from the supplied specification WoG generates the customized workbench by integrating the required environments.     

基于UML的C3I系统软件建模

UML是一种通过面向对象分析确定由类图和行为图表述的逻辑体系结构和通过面向对象设计确定由构件图和配置图表述的物理体系结构的方法,目前已经成为面向对象分析与设计建模事实上的标准;首先介绍了UML技术及其在开发应用程序中的一般框架,并以此为依据,使用UML结合光电干扰武器系统C3I的建模应用实例对其进行了具体论述。     

基于UML的软件体系结构的定量评估

软件体系结构是软件开发过程的关键制品,应该尽早地分析和评估其质量.目前研究的软件体系结构评估主要集中在基于场景的评估方法,其特点是定性的、主观的、无需专用的体系结构描述语言.本文提出以统一建模语言UML作为软件体系结构描述语言以及度量的软件体系结构的定量评估.针对UML的可视化、多视图、半形式化以及一致地应用在整个软件开发活动的特性,提出一组UML度量,从UML图所表达的信息含量、可视化影响以及图形建模元素之间的关联性这三个方面度量软件体系结构.分析并讨论这组UML度量在评估软件体系结构的规模、复杂性和结构性等质量属性方面的应用.     

Automated transformations from UML behavior models to contracts

In model driven architecture （MDA）, system requirements are first captured by UML （unified mod- eling language） use cases with sequence diagrams to describe their intended use and implemented by classes of objected-oriented languages in the subsequent design stages. It is important that the dynamic behavior specified by the sequence diagrams is in full compliance with the implementation classes. This paper proposes an auto- matic approach and tool support for generating class contracts, which define a precondition and a postcondition for each operation of the class. The former serves as a guard to ensure invocations of the operations respect the semantics introduced by the sequence diagrams, and the latter places the system in a legal state to facilitate the succeeding operation calls. The contracts can be easily mapped to code of an object-oriented language such as Java. Thus, the approach helps to bridge the gap between the requirements and design stages of system development process. We use our model transformation tool to first generate a UML protocol state machine from the sequence diagrams, and then derive the contracts for a controller class. The transformations take into account the concurrency and critical constructs of the respective UML diagrams.     

Guidelines on the aesthetic quality of UML class diagrams

In the past, formatting guidelines have proved to be a successful method to improve the readability of source code. With the increasing success of visual specification languages such as UML for model-driven software engineering visual guidelines are needed to standardize the presentation and the exchange of modeling diagrams with respect to human communication, understandability and readability. In this article, we introduce a new and encompassing taxonomy of visual guidelines capturing the aesthetic quality of UML class diagrams. We propose these guidelines as a framework to improve the aesthetic quality and thus the understandability of UML class diagrams. To validate this claim, we describe in detail a controlled experiment carried out as a pilot study to gather preliminary insights on the effects of some of the guideline rules on the understandability of UML class diagrams.     

带时间约束的UML序列图的分析工具

统一建模语言(UML)是一种多用途的可视化建模语言,它可用于软件系统的规约、可视化的构造和建档.UML序列图描述了交互对象间的协作,如在实时和分布式系统中通讯实体间的信息交互.与其它的规约和设计过程类似,UML序列图的规约也易出错,所以对它进行分析是很有必要的.文章描述了一个对带时间约束的UML序列图进行分析的工具.     

可视化语言技术在软件开发中的应用

可视化语言技术比一维文本语言在描述软件组成方面具有优越性.由于图表和图形概念在系统建模中的广泛使用,可视化语言可以应用于需求分析、设计、测试和维护等软件开发的各个阶段.除了具有直观易见的特点之外,图文法在计算机上的精确建模和验证能力,为设计可视化语言提供了一个坚实的理论基础.讨论了可视化语言的形式理论基础,回顾了相关的可视化图形编程环境.特别提出了一种空间图文法,并且用该图文法定义了统一建模语言的行为语义.基于空间图文法,开发了一种基于模式驱动的框架,以帮助软件架构与设计.     

A framework for an integrated unified modeling language

The unified modeling language (UML) is one of the most commonly used modeling languages in the software industry. It simplifies the complex process of design by providing a set of graphical notations, which helps express the objectoriented analysis and design of software projects. Although UML is applicable to different types of systems, domains, methods, and processes, it cannot express certain problem domain needs. Therefore, many extensions to UML have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a framework for integrating the UML extensions and then use the framework to propose an integrated unified modeling language-graphical (iUML-g) form. iUML-g integrates the existing UML extensions into one integrated form. This includes an integrated diagram for UML class, sequence, and use case diagrams. The proposed approach is evaluated using a case study. The proposed iUML-g is capable of modeling systems that use different domains.     

基于UML的精品课程远程教育网站模型设计

UML是面向对象的统一建模语言,所设计的软件模型具有可重用性的特点。使用UML新方法开发精品课程网站,用UML用例图做需求分析,用UML类图和顺序图进行系统静态和动态设计,最终用PHP程序语言和MYSQL数据库来实现网站软件。经UML建模后的精品课程远程教育网站模型可以多次应用,从而提高网站软件的开发效率。     

Abstraction in Graph-Transformation Based Diagram Editors

This extended abstract recalls how visual language editors benefit from graph grammars and how the editor-generator DiaGen is based on this approach. We then outline how generated editors can create abstract diagram representations for further processing, e.g. for communication with other tools or for diagram visualizations with varying, adjustable detail level which is a valuable aid when editing large diagrams. These concepts are illustrated with UML class diagrams.     

从UML顺序图生成状态图的一个方法

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a visual modeling language used for specifying,visualizing,constructing,and documenting the artifacts of software systems by various diagrams.It has been widely accepted as a standard modeling language in both academic and industrial areas.UML sequence diagrams are mostly used in specifying system requirements.By representing interactions,which are arranged in time sequence,between the objects in a system,sequence diagrams can construct scenarios indicating the system‘‘s functions.A UML statechart diagram is a graph shows the sequences of states that an object or an interaction goes through during its life in response to received stimuli,together with its responses and actions.It‘‘s useful in the design stage of system development.This essay discusses the computer-aided transformation from sequence diagrams to statechart diagrams,which can offer strong support for the transfering from requirement analysis to system design in the software development process.With OCL (Object Control Language) semantic constrain,a transform algorithm is provided in the paper.And the differences with the related works are also mentioned.     

Synthesizing object life cycles from business process models

Unified modeling language (UML) activity diagrams can model the flow of stateful business objects among activities, implicitly specifying the life cycles of those objects. The actual object life cycles are typically expressed in UML state machines. The implicit life cycles in UML activity diagrams need to be discovered in order to derive the actual object life cycles or to check the consistency with an existing life cycle. This paper presents an automated approach for synthesizing a UML state machine modeling the life cycle of an object that occurs in different states in a UML activity diagram. The generated state machines can contain parallelism, loops, and cross-synchronization. The approach makes life cycles that have been modeled implicitly in activity diagrams explicit. The synthesis approach has been implemented using a graph transformation tool and has been applied in several case studies.     

基于UML的CPN模型在软件测试中的应用

UML在被工业界广泛接受的同时也成为学术界遵循的一种标准建模语言。许多面向对象软件测试的研究都围绕UML模型开展。但UML模型属于半形式化模型,往往无法自动生成测试用例。将UML模型与Petri网相结合,能够弥补其数学支持的不足。文章给出了基于UML的CPN模型的测试框架和一个从UML模型构造CPN模型的算法,并根据该方法给出了自动化支持工具U2CPN的类图结构。     

UML可视化建模工具中模型一致性检查机制的研究与实现

采用统一建模语言UML进行系统建模的过程中,模型一致性的建立和维护是正确建模的必要前提。但单靠人工检查的方式来保证模型的正确性,不仅给开发人员造成很大负担,而且容易出现差错或遗漏。因此,在UML可视化建模工具中提供模型一致性自动检测和维护机制至关重要。本文对UML主要模型图之间的关系进行了分析,识别出这些图之间的一些基本的一致性规则;在此基础上,提出了UML可视化建模工具中模型一致性检查机制的实施框架,并对实现该框架的主要思路进行了详细介绍。     

Automatic extraction of OWL ontologies from UML class diagrams: a semantics-preserving approach

Full implementation of the Semantic Web requires widespread availability of OWL ontologies. Manual ontology development using current OWL editors remains a tedious and cumbersome task that requires significant understanding of the new ontology language and can easily result in a knowledge acquisition bottleneck. On the other hand, abundant domain knowledge has been specified by existing database schemata such as UML class diagrams. Thus developing an automatic tool for extracting OWL ontologies from existing UML class diagrams is helpful to Web ontology development. In this paper we propose an automatic, semantics-preserving approach for extracting OWL ontologies from existing UML class diagrams. This approach establishes a precise conceptual correspondence between UML and OWL through a semantics-preserving schema translation algorithm. The experiments with our implemented prototype tool, UML2OWL, show that the proposed approach is effective and a fully automatic ontology extraction is achievable. The proposed approach and tool will facilitate the development of Web ontologies and the realization of semantic interoperations between existing Web database applications and the Semantic Web.     

信息系统UML建模研究

UML作为一种面向对象的标准建模语言,在信息管理系统的建模领域得到了广泛的应用.概述了UML中多种模型图的使用方法和适用范围,分析了UML系统建模的主要过程和特点,并以一个实验预约系统为例详细介绍了系统用例模型,静态模型和动态模型的设计过程,同时重点探讨了在一般信息系统建模过程中普遍适用的系统类筛选、动态方法定义等相关技术.     

Are use case and class diagrams complementary in requirements analysis? An experimental study on use case and class diagrams in UML

Despite the status of united modeling language (UML) as the de facto standard for object oriented modeling, it has received controversial reviews. The most controversial diagram in UML is the use case diagram. Some practitioners claim that use case diagrams are not valuable in requirements analysis and some have even argued that use case diagrams should not be part of UML. This research examined the values of use case diagram in interpreting requirements when use case diagrams are used in conjunction with class diagrams. In other words, the study investigated the possible synergetic values and relationships between the use case and class diagrams in the context of requirements analysis. This study used theories from cognitive psychology as its theoretical and conceptual foundation. The data collection utilized the verbal protocol technique in which subjects were asked to think aloud as they interpreted the use case and class diagrams. The results show that the use case diagrams were more completely interpreted than the class diagrams. The presence or absence of one diagram when interpreting another diagram had no effect on the outcome of the interpretation. From the results, we argue that the use case diagrams and class diagrams depict different aspects of the problem domain, they have very little overlap in the information captured, and both are necessary in requirements analysis.     

UML Statechart图的操作语义

面向对象标准建模语言UML(unified modeling language)缺乏精确的动态语义.根据UML1.1语义文档,提出描述对象状态机的UML Statechart图的形式化操作语义.该语义覆盖了UML Statechart图的绝大部分特征,为UML Statechart图的代码产生、模拟和测试用例生成奠定了基础.根据上述语义,基于Rose98完成了UML Statechart图的测试用例生成和测试过程的模拟.     

一种基于面向侧面技术的并发式软件建模方法

基于面向侧面（Aspect-Oriented）技术及统一建模语言状态图提出了并发式软件系统开发过程中横切特性的建模方法。本方法将并发软件系统的业务逻辑和横切行为分别封装到复合状态的不同正交区域中，并通过事件广播机制反映二者的交互关系。同时，以模块化的状态迁移系统 （Modular Transition System）作为基本计算模型，对该建模方法进行形式化描述，给出了模型元素及建模过程的精确语义。实例研究表明，该方法在并发软件设计阶段实现了横切关注点的分离策略，并使得系统模型具有松耦合、适应性和可跟踪性的优点。