阜阳水情分中心“4．15”雷击事故分析及对策

本文根据阜阳示范区水情分中心“4．15”雷击事故实例，分析并提出水情自动测报系统中的防雷过压系统建设的重要性以及该事故处理措施。     

自动测报技术在淮河防汛中的应用

自动测报技术具有水情信息数据采集、传输、处理、存储、查询和检索以及报警等功能,能通过计算机网络向上级水利主管部门传输实时水雨情信息,实现数据资源共享。文章介绍了安徽省阜阳水情分中心自动测报系统在淮河防洪中的应用。     

水文自动采集数据在资料整编中的应用

本文通过对阜阳水情分中心信息采集系统自动采集的雨量、水位数据的分析，对自动采集数据作为原始资料在水文资料整编中的应用进行探讨，为今后水文信息采集系统的建设与应用提供可供借鉴的经验。     

水情分中心信息安全影响因素浅析

准确、及时的水情信息采集和传输是防汛决策的重要保证。以芜湖水情分中心为例,在介绍芜湖水情分中心概况的基础上,从数据的采集、处理、保存、传输等水情信息流程的各个环节分析了影响水情分中心信息安全的因素,并从系统运行维护、信息通讯手段、水情分中心信息安全保障、设备防雷等方面提出解决的办法。希望达到与同行共同交流、相互借鉴之目的。     

伊春市水文自动测报系统故障排查方法综述

随着我国科学技术的不断进步和对水利事业的日益重视,水情自动测报系统,特别是各地水情分中心起着承上启下的重要作用,但系统正常运行则离不开规范严谨的管理和维护。在叙述水文自动测报系统水情分中心各系统功能的基础上论述了常见故障的基本特征与排查方法,针对实际工作情况提出了具体建议,以便更好地发挥水情分中心系统的作用。     

遥测型翻斗雨量计观测资料的误差分析

安徽省阜阳水情分中心信息采集系统于2001年9月建成并投入使用，阜阳水文水资源局辖区内所使用的遥测雨量计为JDZ05—1型翻斗式雨量计，其特点为节省人力、减少错误，并且数据传递迅速、快捷，便于自动测报。阜阳水文水资源局为确保观测资料的精度，均采用虹吸式自记雨量计与其进行对比观测，现将该仪器与虹吸式自记雨量计对比观测的降雨量资料误差情况，作如下分析。     

漯河水情分中心遥测系统的试应用

本文针时漯河水情分中心站网的设置与建设,结合遥测系统试运行情况,进行对比分析,提出遥测系统运行管理的对策,使水情分中心能够充分发挥作用,更好地为防汛抗旱、兴利除害提供优质服务。     

语音报汛程序的安装步骤详解

水情分中心语音报汛系统是目前全省水文信息从报汛站至分中心的重要途径,是水文信息传输的关键环节。它的正常运行直接关系到水文信息传输的时效性。目前,安阳水文局基层报汛站至水情分中心的信息传输有3种方式:一是以语音报汛软件和FTP方式相结合,报汛站通过语音报汛电话将雨情、水情、墒情信息传至水情分中心语音报汛接收机器;二是基层报汛站通过网络发报系统传至分中心;三是作为一种备用手段,基层报汛站用报汛手机将信息传至水情分中心,由水情值班人员人工输入语音报汛系统。因此,语音报汛程序的管理维护及熟练安装就十分必要。     

水情分中心值班管理系统建设与应用

水情分中心值班管理系统从水情分中心实际工作出发,深入理解并分析了当前报汛工作存在的问题与矛盾,不仅较好地完成了水雨情数据分析、计算、传输、显示等常规功能,还实现了水情预警、值班管理、成果展示等辅助工作,可基本满足水情分中心全套工作需求。在该系统部署时,结合网络安全、虚拟化、数据同步技术,配以必要的外部设备,提升了其可用性和实用性,提高了水情报汛质量,减少了人力成本,可作为水情分中心核心系统承担日常水情报汛与管理工作。     

谈我省水情自动测报系统的组建及运行管理

随着现代通信事业的发展，我国水情自动测报技术日趋成熟和完善，作为国家防汛指挥系统项目的一个重要组成部分——广东省水情信息采集系统项目也即将上马。水情信息采集系统包括报汛通讯设施、测站测验设施、水情分中心及省水情中心设施等部分。因其涉及面广，技术难度大，对组建和运行管理必将提出更高要求。而报汛通讯设施，亦即水情自动测报系统，则是信息采集系统的核心部分。在自动测报系统的组建过程中，有步骤地做好以下几个方面的工作，对成功地组建系统及发挥系统效益将起到十分重要的作用。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.