电子束冷床炉单次熔炼钛合金铸锭研究进展

电子束冷床炉单次熔炼钛合金技术是一种先进的钛合金铸锭低成本制备技术,引起了国际钛工业越来越多的关注。本文对电子束冷床炉单次熔炼钛合金技术从成分及组织控制、实际生产情况及电子束冷床炉单次熔炼直接轧制板材的性能评价等方面进行综合评述。     

基于Mile算法的大型TC4钛合金扁锭连铸模拟分析

电子束冷床炉熔炼是生产钛及钛合金铸锭的主要方法,利用该方法能够生产出高低密度夹杂少、组织成分均匀的高品质钛合金铸锭,而工艺参数是决定铸锭质量的主要因素。本研究利用铸造模拟专用软件PROCAST对电子束冷床炉熔炼大型TC4钛合金扁锭的连铸凝固过程进行数值模拟,研究了不同工艺条件下铸锭的温度场分布特征、初生枝晶半径、二次枝晶臂间距等,最终确定出本模拟工艺条件下,电子束冷床炉熔炼TC4钛合金扁锭的最佳工艺参数为熔炼速度250 kg/h,铸造速度20 mm/min,浇注温度1 700℃。     

凝壳熔炼5t钛锭

在最近几年里,为了限制杂质造成的缺陷和提高残料利用程度,人们开发成功了熔铸钛合金锭坯的各种方法,其主要手段是采用间接的热源,它可以替代冷模真空电弧自耗电极熔炼.在这些方法中,发展最好的是冷床电子束熔炼、冷床等离子弧熔炼和冷模等离子弧熔炼等.全俄轻合金研究所的M.И穆萨托夫及其同事认为,冷模等离子弧熔     

电子束熔炼技术及其应用

本文介绍电子束熔炼技术的发展及现状,阐述了几种电子束熔炼工艺的原理、设备和用途,详细介绍了电子束冷床炉在钛工业上的应用.     

3200kW电子束冷床炉熔炼纯钛电子枪工艺参数设置

电子束冷床炉熔炼是目前较先进的钛及钛合金熔炼技术,是生产大型优质钛锭的重要熔炼方式。本研究采用颗粒状海绵钛为原料,以垂直进料的方式熔炼大型纯钛扁锭,对电子束冷床炉熔炼区、精炼区、结晶器的4支电子枪工艺参数的设置进行了分析并制定了电子枪工艺参数。通过为期1个月的纯钛扁锭熔炼试验验证,结果表明,制定的工艺参数能够稳定生产纯钛铸锭,且熔炼速度可稳定在1 500 kg/h,挥发损失控制在3%以内,铸锭表面质量良好,化学成分均匀,成品率提高,有效降低了熔炼成本。     

电子束冷床熔炼参数对熔池表面温度的影响

使用M9100图像高温仪精确测定了TC4合金电子束冷床熔炼时坩埚和冷床熔池表面的温度.结果表明,结果表明,熔炼工艺参数如熔化速度、熔炼功率、电子束扫描方式和扫描频率都会对熔池表面温度产生剧烈影响.     

钛合金冷床熔炼技术进展

钛合金铸锭中经常出现高密度夹杂和低密度夹杂等冶金缺陷，这种夹杂缺陷成为钛合金零部件的疲劳裂纹源，降低零部件的使用寿命，用于航空发动机，可能引起机毁人亡的重大灾难。常规的真空电弧三次熔炼不能去除原料中的高密度夹杂和低密度夹杂。为了生产优质高洁净航空发动机转动件用钛合金，在20世纪80年代末，国际上引入了冷床熔炼技术.本文主要讨论了钛合金中典型的冶金缺陷和冷床熔炼技术的原理、应用和发展。     

等离子冷床熔炼钛合金

等离子弧冷床熔炼钛及其合金的应用在最近几年里已经达到了生产规模,炉子熔炼和铸造锭坯的能力高达5t.除了利用等离子枪代替电子束枪之外,等离子弧冷床熔炼和电子束冷床熔炼都是在惰性气体的大气压力下,而不是真空内进行的,往熔炼炉内供给的原料能够包括松散的海绵钛、压制出来的块状原料、回收的残料或者报废的锭坯     

冷床熔炼炉的最新发展

为了生产优质洁净的航空发动机转动件用钛合金,国际上引入了冷床熔炼技术。冷床炉熔炼在消除高密度夹杂、可大量回收返回料等方面具有较强的技术优势,也因此获得广泛应用。本文主要讨论了冷床熔炼炉的原理、应用和冷床熔炼炉的最新发展。     

多组元钛合金电子束冷床炉熔炼挥发规律研究

利用电子束冷床炉(EB炉)一次熔炼制备TC4、Ti6242、TA15钛合金铸锭,采用Langmuir定律对熔炼过程中Al、Sn、Zr、Mo等元素的挥发规律做了简要的数值分析,并与实际挥发规律进行了对比分析.结果表明:EB炉熔炼TC4、Ti6242、TA15钛合金过程中,Al元素在3种合金中的挥发率有所不同,挥发率由大到...     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.