缓释复合肥对蔬菜产量和品质的效应研究

以普通化肥(CF)、普通复合肥(CCF)处理为对照,采用田间试验研究了缓释复合肥(SRF)对4种蔬菜产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,SRF处理白菜、甘蓝、花椰菜和萝卜显著增产,增幅达13.0%~27.2%;SRF处理4种蔬菜Vc、氨基酸、可溶性糖和粗蛋白含量提高3.2%~29.7%,花椰菜和萝卜矿物质元素P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量均有不同程度的提高,蔬菜的营养价值提高。     

微量元素肥料对苹果树生长、产量和品质的影响研究

研究了不同的微量元素肥料对苹果树生长发育、产量、品质及抗逆性等的影响。结果表明：几种供试肥料品种对促进苹果树生长发育、提高产量、改善品质以及对生理病害等方面均有效果。其中由于果康丰含有效成分二十余种，综合效果明显优于其他品种。     

腐殖酸和锌对水稻生长和产量的影响

为考察腐殖酸和锌在减量施肥条件下对水稻生长和产量的影响,开展了田间小区试验。结果表明：直接减施普通复合肥会造成水稻减产;添加腐殖酸可以缓解水稻减产的程度,且随着腐殖酸添加量的增加,缓解作用增大;在添加质量分数3.0%腐殖酸和0.4%一水硫酸锌、减量施肥10%的条件下,可以获得水稻不减产的效果。     

微量元素螯合肥对空心菜产量及品质的影响

研究不同螯合剂、不同微量元素(Zn、Mn和B)配方螯合肥对空心菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,硼含量较高的处理在空心菜的叶片数及株高上效果较好,锌、锰、硼比例较均衡的处理在SPAD值上表现较好,产量相对较高的也是这两个处理,聚磷酸铵处理的总产量和可溶性糖含量略高于聚天冬氨酸处理;不同锌、锰、硼的比例之间维生素C含量无明显规律性,但聚天门冬氨酸的处理均略高于聚磷酸铵处理;对照处理的硝酸盐含量最高。     

方波溶出伏安法测定蔬菜中铜和锌

研究了用方波溶出伏安法测定蔬菜中铜和锌含量的方法。在pH=10的1 mol/L NH3H2O-NH4C l缓冲溶液中,于-0.12V、-0.93V(vs.SCE)分别产生铜和锌的灵敏峰,其峰高与离子的浓度在0.1~3 mg/L(Cu2+∶R2=0.9983)和0.4~5 mg/L(Zn2+∶R2=0.9924)之间存在良好的线性关系,富集时间300 s。用标准曲线法定量,分别测定蔬菜中的铜和锌。该测定方法简便快速、灵敏度高,适用于蔬菜中铜和锌含量的分析。     

七种蔬菜中锰、锌、铁、铜、镍微量元素含量的测定

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法连续测定了剑菜、芥兰菜、西兰花、菜笋、新同花菜、葫瓜、芥菜七种常见蔬菜中铁、锌、铜、锰、镍五种人体必需微量元素的含量，同时比较了1：1硝酸和1：1盐酸两种不同提取方法对被测元素的提取效果。     

葡萄腐植酸专用肥对葡萄的产量和品质的影响

通过田间小区试验与大田示范的同时进行，研究了施用葡萄腐植酸专用肥后，葡萄增产2．22％～25．89％，在品质方面，与对照比较，可溶性固形物含量、含糖量、Vc含量都提高了，而总酸度下降了。并且，葡萄腐植酸专用肥还可以改善葡萄的生理功能，提高葡萄的座果率，单穗率、单株产量，百粒重。     

FA旱地龙对柑桔品质和产量的影响

FA旱地龙是一种多功能植物生长抗旱营养剂,具有节水抗旱,保花保果增产的效果。本文拟就FA早地龙在柑桔上的试验结果,探讨FA旱地龙对柑桔品质和产量的影响及其使用技术,为柑桔大面积使用FA旱地龙提供依据和使用技术。     

活化泥炭氮磷对甘蔗产量和品质的影响

笔者采用三因素五水平的回归设计,研究了活化泥炭、氮、磷三因素对甘蔗产量的交互效应,建立了肥料效应函数的数学模型,提出了川东地区河流冲积土上甘蔗高产栽培所需的肥料配比为:活化泥炭125—215公斤/亩,氮15—25公斤/亩,磷10—15公斤/亩。     

不同施肥次数对西瓜产量和品质的影响

以西瓜为研究对象,在同等施肥量的条件下,开展了不同施肥次数对西瓜生长影响的田间试验。试验结果表明,采取先施足底肥,然后在膨瓜期进行一次追肥的施肥方式效果最好,不仅坐果率、产量、品质及植株生长都可达到较优的状态,而且可达到提质、增产、节省劳动力的目的。     

河南省小麦、玉米及蔬菜优质高产高效平衡施肥

介绍农作物高产优质施肥技术的田间试验研究情况。田间试验结果表明:小麦在氮磷肥配施时(N270kg/hm2、P2O5120kg/hm2),K2O最佳用量为180kg/hm2,小麦最高产量达6880kg/hm2;玉米在氮磷肥配施时(N225kg/hm2、P2O5120kg/hm2),K2O最佳用量为180kg/hm2,玉米最高产量达7640kg/hm2;萝卜在氮磷肥配施时(N300kg/hm2、P2O5225kg/hm2),K2O最佳用量为300kg/hm2,萝卜最高产量达79860kg/hm2;白菜在氮磷肥配施时(N300kg/hm2、P2O5225kg/hm2),K2O最佳用量为300kg/hm2,白菜最高产量达95050kg/hm2。     

Recent developments in physical field-based drying techniques for fruits and vegetables

Abstract

Modern physical field technologies mainly include microwave, radio frequency, infrared radiation, ultrasound, pulsed electric field, and so on. Nowadays, the application of physical field technology on conventional drying is one of the recent strategies to solve some problems in traditional drying. In this article, physical field-based drying techniques refer to hybrid drying methods consisting of the conventional heating combined with different physical field technologies, in which physical field technologies provide various heat sources differ from conventional ones. A review is presented of recent five-year literature in the development of selected physical field-based drying technologies (microwave, radio frequency, infrared radiation, and ultrasound) for fruits and vegetables. As shown by examples from the literature, these physical field-based drying techniques provide faster drying kinetics and better thermal efficiency and obtain dried products of improved quality (e.g. color, aroma, texture, and nutrition retention) relative to conventional hot air drying. The combination of these techniques and conventional hot air drying showed enhanced cost-effectiveness as well. Furthermore, recommendations are made for further research and development needs and opportunities in this area.     

茁霉多糖在果蔬保鲜应用的研究

茁霉多糖是出芽短梗霉产生的细胞外多糖,一般都一蓝黑色素伴随着茁霉多糖一起产生,因此,出芽短梗霉俗称黑酵母。茁霉多糖一种无色无味的中性多糖,极易溶于水。具有安全性,无毒性,耐热性,耐酸碱性,耐盐性,粘性,可塑性,成膜性质等特性,具有广泛的应用前景。本实验将茁霉多糖制成茁霉多糖膜溶液,进行果蔬保鲜的研究。     

Nitrate and glasshouse vegetables

Leafy vegetables grown under glass in winter have a rather high nitrate content. Three possibilities of reducing this content are discussed: the use of nitrification inhibitors, growing on NFT and omission of nitrogen during a certain period before harvest, and the breeding of varieties with a low nitrate content.In the last chapter the question whether high nitrate levels in vegetables are dangerous to human health is briefly discussed.     

低温煤热解焦油产率和品质影响因素研究

煤焦油是低温煤热解技术的主要产物,是重要的化工原料,其产率和品质是评价煤热解工艺的重要指标。从原煤性质(煤种和煤粒径)、热解反应器结构形式及热解工艺条件(原煤预处理、热解温度、压力、升温速率、停留时间、热解气氛及催化剂)等方面综合分析了煤热解焦油产率和品质的影响因素,认为通过优选煤种和热解反应器,对煤样进行适当预处理,选择合适的工艺操作条件和引入加氢催化热解等有助于提高焦油产率和品质。     

果蔬抗氧化活性与总酚含量相关性研究

利用β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸乳化液氧化法对杭州市场上常见的41种果蔬进行了抗氧化活性的研究,并测定其总酚的含量。结果表明:大多数果蔬都具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中香椿、芦蒿、莴笋叶、水芹、茼蒿菜、马齿苋、藕的抗氧化活性较强,其总酚含量也较高,说明果蔬抗氧化活性的强弱与果蔬所含的酚类物质有一定的关联性。     

Nitrate accumulation, yield and leaf quality of turnip greens in response to nitrogen fertilisation

Two pot and two open-field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of N fertilisation on nitrate accumulation, yield, and leaf quality of turnip greens (Nabiças, Brassica rapa var. rapa). The pot experiments were conducted: (1) in a controlled environment (24 h photoperiod at 250±25 mol s^-1 m^-2, and 20±1 °C ), and (2) outdoors (315 w m^-2 mean solar radiation, and daily mean air temperature between 19 and 26 °C). The response of plant biomass to N from 0 to 250 g m^-3 of pot-soil, in each of the two experiments, was characterised by a steep increase in weight until the level of N reached 100 g m^-3, with a tendency to stabilisation thereafter. There was a clear turning point around 100 g m^-3 N, beyond which plant biomass did not significantly increase in response to N application. When fertilisation with N was increased from at 100 to 250 g m^-3, plant fresh weight increased by 7.4 and 8.6% and nitrate concentration by 279 and 1315%, respectively, in both growth-room and outdoors pot experiments, showing that turnip greens may easily reach conditions of luxury consumption of N. In the two open-field experiments, turnip plants were grown in a clay soil, in winter and in spring at Lisbon, Portugal. Increasing N fertilisation from 0 to 200 kg ha^-1 resulted in plants with higher fresh weight both in winter and spring. Plant nitrate concentration in winter was higher than in spring at the same applied N. The increase of plant fresh weight in response to N had a clear asymptotic tendency at N exceeding 160 kg ha^-1, but the increase of leaf nitrate had a linear trend showing a clear tendency for nitrate accumulation in the leaves. N induced a darker green leaf colour but had no effect on leaf taste and texture. Increasing N fertilisation up to 200 kg ha^-1 seemed to be an effective means of improving yield and quality of turnip greens and of shortening the cropping cycle.     

硝基双效肥对大蒜产量与品质的影响

采用田间试验研究不同肥料品种对大蒜产量与品质的影响。结果表明,硝硫基复合肥、硫基控释肥、硝基双效肥与习惯施肥相比,均能提高大蒜的产量与品质;硝基双效肥处理增产效果最显著,与习惯施肥相比,蒜薹与蒜头分别增产12.96%、12.10%,Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质分别提高25.1%、35.6%、30.3%。     

果蔬微波联合干燥技术研究进展

介绍了微波干燥的原理和特点，综述了果蔬微波联合干燥技术的研究进展，主要涉及到微波干燥与其它干燥技术联合在果蔬干燥中的应用。