Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis of Al2O3-TiB2 Coatings by Aluminothermic Reactions

The Al2O3-TiB2 coatings were fabricated on Q235 steel by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS)process using aluminothermic reactions with aluminum,titania,boron oxide and ferric oxide powders.The effect of the content of excessive aluminum in the reactants on Al2O3-TiB2 coatings was studied when only Al-TiO2-B2O3 system was used for preparation of the coatings.The results indicate that the combustion reaction cannot occur when excessive aluminum is over 40wt%and the coating has good quality when excessive aluminum is 20wt%.In order to improve the bonding of the coating and substrate and optimize the ratio of Al2O3/TiB2,composite reaction systems Al-TiO2-B2O3 and Al-Fe2O3 were used for the preparation of Al2O3-TiB2 coatings.The XRD result shows that the coatings contain FeAl intermetallic compound which can improve efficiently the interface bonding of the coating and substrate.The percentage of Al-Fe2O3 system in reactants has only a small effect on the hardness of Al2O3-TiB2 coating,which is about 22000 MPa(Hv),but has an obvious effect on the morphology and interface bonding of the coatings.     

等离子喷涂Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷 复合涂层的微观组织及电化学性能

目的 通过等离子喷涂工艺,在油气管道X70管线钢表面制备出Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层,研究该涂层的微观组织与电化学性能。方法 采用9MC Plasma Control Unit等离子喷涂系统,基于线切割尺寸为40 mm×24 mm×6 mm的X70管线钢基体表面,沉积Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层。利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察该复合涂层的微观组织与形貌,利用X射线衍射仪分析该复合涂层的物相组成,利用电化学工作站测定该复合涂层的电化学腐蚀性能。结果 Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层由完全熔化区和半熔化区双态组成,呈典型的等离子喷涂层状结构,层与层之间结合较紧密,分布着富Cr2O3沉积区与富TiO2沉积区,无相变产生,完全熔融的TiO2液相可嵌入到未完全熔融的Cr2O3结构间隙中形成固溶结构。经电化学腐蚀性能测试,其自腐蚀电位介于-0.4 ~ -0.3 V之间,高于X70管线钢基体的自腐蚀电位-0.6 ~ -0.5 V,腐蚀倾向滞后,表现出好的抗腐蚀性能。结论 研究选取的等离子喷涂参数较合适,并成功制备出了能明显提高油气管道X70管线钢抗电化学腐蚀性且组织分布均匀的Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层。     

Al2O3-TiO2复相陶瓷涂层在动态LBE中的耐腐蚀行为

目的分析研究Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层在高温流动铅铋合金中的耐腐蚀行为。方法以纯Ti粉末、Fe Al粉末、CrFe粉末为原料制得复合粉末,在CLAM钢基材表面上采用热喷涂-激光原位合成复合工艺制备了Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层。试样在500℃,流速为0.3 m/s的液态铅铋合金中进行了时长1000 h的动态腐蚀实验,分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析测试手段对涂层试样在动态LBE中的耐腐蚀行为进行了研究表征。结果在CLAM钢基材表面制备的Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层表面形貌整体较腐蚀前仍保持完好,涂层物相成分保持稳定,截面分析显示铅铋合金在腐蚀过程在涂层中未见渗透;而没有涂层保护的CLAM钢基材在腐蚀后表面发生明显的氧化腐蚀现象,生成结构疏松的Fe3O4氧化层,铅铋合金在氧化层中有扩散分布。结论通过火焰热喷涂-激光原位合成复合工艺在CLAM钢表面制备得到的Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层在高温流动的铅铋合金腐蚀条件下组织结构稳定,具有良好的适用性,能有效地阻止高温流动铅铋合金对CLAM钢基体材料的腐蚀。     

Microstructure and oxidation resistance of reactive plasma clad Cr7C3 /γ-Fe ceramic composite coating

A new type oxidation resistance in situ Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramic composite coating was fabricated on hardened and tempered grade C steel by reactive plasma clad with Fe-Cr-C alloy powders. The oxidation resistance of the ceramic composite coating was investigated under the test condition of 900℃ and 50 hours. The results indicate that the coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of blocky primary Cr7C3 and the inter-blocky Cr7C3/γ-Fe eutectics and is metallurgically bonded to the hardened and tempered grade C steel substrate. The high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating is up to 1.9 times higher than that of grade C steel. The oxidation kinetics curve of the coating is conforming to the parabolic-rate law equation. The excellent oxidation resistance of the coating is mainly attributed to the continuous oxide films which consist of Cr2O3 and Fe2O3. The continuous oxide films can prevent the inner part of the coating from being further oxidized.     

H13热作模具钢微弧氧化复合陶瓷层的组织和性能

通过热浸镀铝/微弧氧化复合工艺对H13模具钢进行表面改性以提高模具表面质量。在热浸镀铝过程中,将H13钢基体浸入710℃纯铝液6 min,得到了以Fe2Al5为主中间合金层,使得镀层与基体紧密结合。经过微弧氧化处理后,镀铝试样表面铝层转化为氧化铝陶瓷,主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成。用带有能谱分析装置(EDX)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了膜层的形貌、成分和相组成。微弧氧化陶瓷层主要由Al、O、Si元素组成,其中O、Si主要来源于硅酸盐电解液。     

等离子喷涂 NiCoCrAlY / Al2 O3 高温固体润滑耐磨涂层的抗氧化性能研究

目的研究等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3高温固体润滑耐磨涂层在850℃时的高温抗氧化性能和抗氧化机理。方法采用喷雾造粒、化工冶金包覆技术制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合粉体,并采用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层。采用SEM和XRD研究粉体和涂层的显微结构和物相组成,并采用马弗炉研究复合涂层在850℃的恒温氧化动力学曲线,通过研究氧化96 h以后涂层表面的组织形貌,探讨NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层的抗氧化机理。结果 NiCoCrAlY合金层均匀致密地包覆在Al2O3颗粒的表面,包覆层厚度约为3~5μm。复合粉体的主要组成为Al2O3相和NiCoCrAlY合金相,没有其他杂质相的存在。等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层氧化动力学曲线分为大斜率直线、抛物线和系数几乎为0的抛物线等3个阶段。氧化96 h以后,涂层的氧化质量增量为4.9 mg/cm2左右,表面形成了一层连续的氧化物保护膜,经EDX分析,氧化膜层主要由Al,O,Cr和Ni组成。结论等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层具有良好的高温抗氧化性能,涂层中Ni,Cr,Al的氧化以及硬质相Al2O3的加入是涂层抗氧化的主要原因。     

等离子喷涂 NiCoCrAlY / Al2 O3 涂层的制备及摩擦性能研究

目的制备等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3高温固体润滑耐磨涂层,并研究该涂层的摩擦性能和磨损机理。方法采用喷雾造粒、化工冶金包覆和固相合金化技术制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合粉体,用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层。用SEM和XRD等手段分析粉体和涂层的显微结构和物相组成,研究涂层从室温到800℃的摩擦磨损性能,探讨NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层在室温和高温下的磨损机理。结果 Al2O3颗粒表面均匀包覆着一层致密的NiCoCrAlY合金,包覆层厚度大约为3~5μm;等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层呈典型的层状结构,涂层各层间结合良好,涂层中孔隙率约为2.84%,主晶相为Ni Cr Al合金相和Al2O3相。涂层的摩擦系数随温度的升高逐渐降低,在室温下约为0.64,800℃时在0.4以下。高温下,金属氧化物的形成是摩擦系数降低的主要原因。涂层的磨损率随温度的升高先升高后降低。涂层在低温下为脆性断裂和磨粒磨损,高温下为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损、塑性变形和金属氧化物的转移。结论等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层是一种性能优良的高温固体润滑耐磨涂层。     

等离子熔覆制备Fe3Al金属间化合物的组织结构

为了提高钢铁表面的抗高温腐蚀性能,应用电弧喷涂和等离子弧熔覆方法在碳钢表面制备Fe-Al金属间化合物涂层。通过对熔覆层及其与钢基体界面的组织结构分析,认为该方法可以在钢基表面获得致密、无夹杂的铁铝金属间化合物层,合金层与基体间完全冶金结合;熔覆层主要由Fe3Al,FeAl和α-Fe相构成。在试验条件下所获得的铁铝合金层,其最高显微硬度可达到514HV。     

Al2O3-TiO2对铝合金表面激光熔覆NiAl涂层组织性能的影响

目的 进一步提高6061铝合金表面的硬度、耐磨性。方法 应用脉冲Nd:YAG激光器在6061铝合金表面制备了NiAl合金涂层和NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层。通过SEM、X射线衍射仪系统研究了Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷相添加对NiAl熔覆层组织形貌、成分分布、物相组成的影响。利用HVS-1000硬度测试仪及HSR-2M高速摩擦磨损机,对熔覆层硬度分布及耐磨性进行测试分析。结果 Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷颗粒加入使涂层宏观成形质量明显提高,表面平整光滑、波纹均匀,熔覆层枝晶间距减小,组织结构明显细化。与NiAl熔覆层相比,在NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层中,具有较高硬度的Al3Ni、Al3Ni2硬质相含量增大。同时,高硬度Al2O3和良好韧性的TiO2、NiTi金属间化合物在复合涂层内部形成。NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的显微硬度平均可达650HV0.2,相比NiAl涂层提高了300HV0.2;磨损体积仅为铝合金基体的1/9,相比NiAl涂层降低了35%。干摩擦条件下,NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的犁削、剥落现象显著降低。结论 在细晶强化、硬质相弥散强化及良好韧性的NiTi金属间化合物共同作用下,6061铝合金表面硬度和耐磨性得到显著提高。     

稀土对电沉积Ni-W合金组织和性能的影响

通过电沉积技术在45~#钢基体表面上制备了Ni-W-Er_2O_3复合镀层,利用SEM、EDS及XRD等分析了镀层的组织结构和表面形貌,采用磁性厚度仪、显微硬度计、电化学工作站等测试手段对合金镀层的厚度、显微硬度以及耐蚀性能进行了精确测定。结果表明:所制备的合金镀层组织致密,晶粒细小,未见有明显缺陷存在,镀层与基体结合良好;稀土氧化物Er_2O_3的加入可以保证基体材料获得高硬度、高W含量且具有良好耐蚀性能的Ni-W-Er_2O_3复合镀层,且当添加量为16 g/L时,其综合性能最优。     

Structure and sliding wear behavior of 321 stainless steel/Al composite coating deposited by high velocity arc spraying technique

A typical 321 stainless steel/aluminum composite coating （321/Al coating） was prepared by high velocity arc spraying technique （HVAS） with 321 stainless steel wire as the anode and aluminum wire as the cathode. The traditional 321 stainless steel coating was also prepared for comparison. Tribological properties of the coatings were evaluated with the ring-block wear tester under different conditions. The structure and worn surface of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and energy dispersion spectroscopy（EDS）. The results show that, except for aluminum phase addition in the 32 l/Al coating, no other phases are created compared with the 321 coating. However, due to the addition of aluminum, the 32 l/Al coating forms a type of ＂ductile/hard phases inter-deposited＂ structure and performs quite different tribological behavior. Under the dry sliding condition, the anti-wear property of 32 l/Al coating is about 42% lower than that of 321 coating. But under the oil lubricated conditions with or without 32 h oil-dipping pretreatment, the anti-wear property of 321/AI coating is about 9% and 5% higher than that of 321 coating, respectively. The anti-wear mechanism of the composite coating is mainly relevant to the decrease of oxide impurities and the strengthening action resulted from the ＂ductile/hard phases inter-deposited＂ coating structure.     

反应喷涂制备Al2O3-TiB2复相涂层的工艺研究

利用反应喷涂方法在铝合金表面制备Al2 O3-TiB2复相涂层,分析了机械合金化、喷涂温度以及添加粘结剂等工艺对涂层组织形貌的影响,得出了制备涂层较理想的工艺方法,并测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:球磨后的混合粉末添加过量Al粘结剂,经过等离子喷涂可以制得Al2 O3-TiB2复相涂层,涂层组织形貌良好,致密度高,其显...     

铝合金表面Al2O3-Ni涂层的制备及耐磨性研究

目的研究Al2O3含量对Al2O3-Ni复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在6082-T6铝合金基体表面分别制备Al2O3含量为30%、50%和70%的30%Al2O3-70%Ni、50%Al2O3-50%Ni、70%Al2O3-30%Ni复合涂层。对三种涂层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行对比研究,并分析原始粉末和涂层的相组成、涂层组织结构、磨损形貌和磨损机制。结果原始粉末中的部分α-Al2O3相在急冷条件下转变成γ-Al2O3新相,涂层中各衍射峰出现明显的宽化现象,有Al2O3非晶相生成。三种试样均由基体、打底层、涂层组成,基体与打底层之间有明显的分界面,打底层因与涂层化学成分相似使分界面不明显,层与层之间结合良好。涂层的显微硬度明显高于基体,约为基体硬度的4~5倍,且其随着Al2O3含量的增加而增加。在试验条件下,涂层的摩擦系数、磨痕宽度、磨损率均随着Al2O3含量的增加而减小,相较于30%Al2O3-70%Ni涂层,70%Al2O3-30%Ni涂层的摩擦系数降低了13%,磨损率降低了66.7%。30%Al2O3-70%Ni涂层磨损最严重,磨痕表面剥落明显,而50%Al2O3-50%Ni涂层与70%Al2O3-30%Ni涂层磨损后,磨痕表面产生大量即将剥落的"橘皮状"氧化物,磨损机制均为氧化磨损与粘着磨损的混合。结论 Al2O3-Ni复合涂层中增加Al2O3含量可以提高复合涂层的耐磨性。     

Ti2AINb基合金多弧离子镀铝层的抗高温抗氧化性能研究

利用多弧离子镀技术在Ti2 AlNb基合金表面制备镀铝层。采用SEM、EDS和XRD分析了膜层的显微组织、化学成分及其相组成,研究了镀铝层的850℃高温抗氧化性能。结果表明：Ti2 AlNb基合金的镀铝层是均匀、致密的,经850℃高温氧化100 h后,表面氧化层主要是Al2 O3,次表层是TiAl3、TiNb4,镀铝有效地提高了Ti2 AlNb基合金的高温抗氧化性能。     

Formation and structure of composite coating of HDA and micro-plasma oxidation on A3 steel

Composite coatings were obtained on A3 steel by hot dipping aluminum(HDA) at 720 ℃ for 6 min and micro-plasma oxidation(MPO) in alkali electrolyte. The surface morphology, element distribution and interface structure of composite coatings were studied by means of XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the composite coatings obtained through HDA/MPO on A3 steel consist of four layers. From the surface to the substrate, the layer is loose Al2O3 ceramic, compact Al2O3 ceramic, Al and FeAl intermetallic compound layer in turn. The adhesions among all the layers are strengthened because the ceramic layer formed at the Al surface originally, FeAl intermetallic compound layer and substrate are combined in metallurgical form through mutual diffusion during HDA process.Initial experiment results disclose that the anti-corrosion performance and wear resistance of composite coating are obviously improved through HDA/MPO treatment.     

稀土CeCl3对耐热钢Ni2Al3/Ni复合涂层抗氧化性的影响

本文采用电镀镍、低温包埋渗铝在P92铁素体耐热钢表面制备不同稀土Ce含量的Ni-Al化合物复合涂层,并对复合涂层进行650 ℃×132 h的抗氧化实验。利用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD,分析涂层氧化前后的截面微观形貌,化学元素分布及物相变化规律。结果表明：涂层的氧化动力学曲线均符合抛物线规律。不含Ce的复合涂层平均氧化速率为0.4412×10-6 g/cm2/s,渗铝剂中加入2%CeCl3的涂层抗氧化性明显增强,平均氧化速率为0.2957×10-6 g/cm2/s,而加入过量CeCl3（4%、6%）则会在氧化过程中产生更多的孔洞,恶化了涂层的高温抗氧化性能,氧化速率相对加入2 % CeCl3的涂层有所升高。另外涂层中加入Ce元素增加了氧化膜的粘附性,对Al元素的向内扩散具有抑制作用。     

Y2O3对Fe-Al-Si-B等离子熔覆层组织与性能的影响

采用等离子弧熔覆技术,在Q235基体钢板表面熔覆了一层Fe-Al-Si-B原位复合涂层,并通过在熔覆粉末中添加稀土氧化物Y2O3改善熔覆层的组织与性能。利用光学显微镜(OM) 、扫描电镜( SEM) 、X射线衍射仪( XRD)、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验机对熔覆层的组织、相组成、显微硬度及磨损性能进行了分析。结果表明：Y2O3的加入净化了晶界,使得晶界处夹杂物均匀化,明显改善了晶界处夹杂物的形态,形成了致密均匀、无缺陷且显著细化的熔覆层组织。当稀土氧化物Y2O3含量为0.9%时,熔覆层的硬度达到510HV,耐磨性能达到最佳。     

Formation of Iron-aluminide Coating through Annealing of Shrouded Plasma-sprayed Iron/Aluminum Composite

The formation of iron aluminide coating was attempted through annealing of plasma-sprayed iron/aluminum composite deposit.Shrouded plasma spraying with nitrogen as protective gas was employed to prepare iron/aluminum composite coating using mechanically blended iron and aluminum powders with Fe/Al atomic ratio of 65:35.Annealing of the as-sprayed coating was carried out in argon atmosphere at 450,500,550,and 600 o C for different durations.The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The effect of annealing on the microstructure and phase evolution in the coatings was examined.The results show that iron/aluminum composite coating with low oxide inclusions and porosity is deposited by shrouded plasma spraying.It is found that Fe2Al5 intermetallics forms as an intermediate phase in the composite coating during annealing.As the annealing duration and temperature increase,iron aluminide intermetallic phases in the coatings increase and the microstructure becomes more homogeneous.After annealing at 600 o C for 336 h,FeAl and Fe3Al intermetallic phases will present in the coating as the main phases.     

载荷对钛合金Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层摩擦学性能的影响

为了提高耐摩擦磨损性能,采用磁控溅射技术在γTiAl钛合金表面制备了Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层。检测了涂层的厚度、表面硬度、微观组织和成分变化。通过在130g、230g和330g载荷下采用GCr15钢球作摩擦副进行的摩擦磨损试验,研究了有和无复合涂层的γTiAl合金的耐摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层的厚度约为33μm,由Al2O3Y2O3层、AlY层和扩散层组成,平均表面硬度为433.4HV0.1。带复合涂层的γTiAl合金摩擦因数和比磨损率均比无涂层γTiAl合金的小。在不同的摩擦磨损试验载荷下,无涂层γTiAl合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,而有Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层的γTiAl合金则主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

n-Al2O3/Ni复合电刷镀层滑动磨损性能

为了提高材料在含磨粒油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能，制备了n-Al2O3／Ni电刷镀复合镀层，采用扫描电镜观察了镀层的表面和截面组织以及纳米颗粒在复合镀层中的分布，以GCr15钢为对摩件对比了复合镀层与快速镍刷镀层以及45钢的摩擦磨损性能，并且对磨损试样表面的形貌和成分进行了分析。结果发现，纳米颗粒的加入细化了镀层组织，改善了镀层与基体的结合，提高了镀层的硬度；材料在含细沙油润滑条件下的磨损量与时间呈线性关系，复合镀层的摩擦系数和磨损量小于快速镍镀层和45钢。